The conventional employer wisdom has always been that a happy employee is a more productive employee. Countless dollars are spent every year on initiatives to raise employee morale, create camaraderie in the workplace, and eliminate practices that could lead to a hostile work environment, all so that companies can boost their retention rates and productivity levels.

So is it really a fact that happiness breeds a better worker?

Not necessarily, according to Wright State University psychologist Nathan Bowling. In a new paper called "Is the job satisfaction-job performance relationship spurious? A meta-analytic examination," he re-assesses conclusions from five previous meta-analyses of the Big Five personality traits. He also conducts his own meta-analysis of the issue, focusing on studies that used data from thousands of employees and controlled for work-related self-esteem (how valuable employees think they are) and locus of control (how much they think they'll be rewarded for a job well done).

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