West Virginia Coal Mine Explosion: Still No Response From Any Survivors
MONTCOAL, W.Va. — Two days after the worst U.S. mining disaster in a generation, rescue crews were called to the Upper Big Branch coal mine late Wednesday to prepare to descend underground and search for possible survivors of the explosion that killed 25.
Chances were slim that any of the four still-missing miners survived, due to poisonous gases in the underground tunnels. But a federal safety official said efforts to drill holes and ventilate the mine had resulted in lower levels of lethal carbon monoxide and highly explosive hydrogen and methane at the top of the holes.
Officials planned to test levels at the bottom of the holes to determine if six teams of five rescuers each could safely enter and look for the missing.
The hope: that survivors made it to one of the shaft's rescue chambers, which are stocked with food, water and enough oxygen to last four days. As of late Wednesday, there had been no signs of life deep underground.
"We just can't take any chances" with the lives of rescuers, Kevin Stricklin of the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration had said earlier. "If we're going to send a rescue team, we have to say it's safe for them to go in there."
Officials could not say specifically when rescuers might be able to start the 5-mile trek from the entrance, but if the readings at the bottom were good, they want them on the move as soon as possible, Stricklin said. Optimistically it would take two to three hours to reach the section about 1,000 feet down where officials believe the last four might be.
Stricklin said relatives of the miners backed the decision to hold off until it was safe.
The plan is for the teams to check the two inflatable chambers in the section of the blast, as well as other areas, Stricklin said. Workers also planned to drill another hole so they could lower a camera into one of the chambers to see if anyone was inside. That would happen if the gas levels remained too dangerous.
Gov. Joe Manchin and others saw only a "sliver of hope" that the miners survived.
"We've been working against long odds from day one," Manchin warned.
In the heart of coal country, about 300 people, many wearing the reflective orange stripes of the miners they love, walked silently through the small town of Whitesville in a candlelight vigil for both the dead and missing. They were not, for the most part, directly related to the miners at Upper Big Branch, but 34-year-old Anna West said they are all of the same brotherhood.
"It's a family of miners. It's not just who's Massey, who's Peabody ... they're all brothers," she said.
The federal mine agency appointed a team of investigators to look into the blast, which officials said may have been caused by a buildup of methane.
The mine's owner, Massey Energy Co., has been repeatedly cited for problems with the system that vents methane and for allowing combustible dust to build up. On the day of the blast, MSHA cited the mine with two safety violations – one involving inadequate maps of escape routes, the other concerning an improper splice of electrical cable. However, Stricklin said the violations had nothing to do with the blast.
Massey CEO Don Blankenship has strongly defended the company's record and disputed accusations from miners that he puts coal profits ahead of safety.
During the drilling of the ventilation holes, rescuers banged on a pipe for about 15 minutes but got no response. Miners are trained to bang on drilling equipment and ceiling bolts if trapped.
Family members could do little but wait.
Alice Peters said she was told her 47-year-old son-in-law, Dean Jones, was among the missing, though Massey said it does not know which four miners might be alive.
Peters said Jones' wife, Gina, has been at the mine site since the explosion and would not leave. "She's not doing too good," Peters said. "They told them to go home because they weren't going to let the mine rescuers back in. They're still drilling."
Seven bodies were pulled out after the explosion, and two miners were hospitalized. Manchin said Wednesday that one was doing well and the other was in intensive care. Eighteen bodies remained in the mine, but emergency workers were able to identify only four before methane forced them out Monday.
During the drilling of the ventilation holes, the amount of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide coming out of the mine was so high – the carbon monoxide was 280 times above safe levels – that ventilation had to be set up at the surface to protect the rescue workers, Stricklin said.
Miner William "Bob" Griffith's family was preparing for the worst. Griffith went to work Monday and never came home, said his brother, James Griffith, who also works at the mine. William Griffith's brother-in-law, Carl Acord, died in the explosion.
"In my honest opinion, if anyone else survives it, I will be surprised," James Griffith said.
Doug Griffith, another of William Griffith's brothers and also a miner, sat down with his family after getting a briefing on the rescue effort, said his wife, Cindi.
"He just said we really need to prepare for the worst," she said. "They don't feel like there's any hope."
The quality and quantity of coal produced at Upper Big Branch make the mine one of gems of Massey's operation. The mine produced more than 1.2 million tons of coal last year and uses the lowest-cost underground mining method, making it more profitable. The mine produces metallurgical coal that is used to make steel and sells for up to $200 a ton – more than double the price for the type of coal used by power plants.
The confirmed death toll of 25 was the highest in a U.S. mine since 1984, when 27 people died in a fire at a mine in Orangeville, Utah. If the four missing bring the total to 29, it will be the worst U.S. coal mining disaster since a 1970 explosion killed 38 in Hyden, Ky.
The family of 50-year-old Ricky Workman was told he was among those missing, said a niece, Tammy Cruz of Cleveland. Cruz said Workman had complained to family members about ventilation problems in the mine.
"He'd be complaining for weeks," Cruz said. "And he had told them, `Does somebody else have to die before you do something about this?' He knew this was coming."
Workman's family waited with other families in seclusion at the mine complex.
"Ricky's got a young soul," Cruz said. "He's a fighter. He's a smart guy. Hopefully he got to one of those safe places and they're going to pull him out alive."
West at the vigil walked with her young three children, thinking of their father, Claude West Jr., who has been a miner for eight years, the last several at the Kanawha Eagle.
"It could have just as well been my husband," she said. "My father was a miner, his father was a miner.
"I already told my son that I don't want him to be a miner."
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Associated Press writers Greg Bluestein, Allen G. Breed, Vicki Smith, Tom Breen, Tim Huber and John Raby and videojournalist Mark Carlson in West Virginia; Mitch Weiss and Mike Baker in North Carolina; Ray Henry in Atlanta; and Sam Hananel in Washington contributed to this report.
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LAWRENCE MESSINA and GREG BLUESTEIN 04/ 8/10 12:44 AM ET Associated Press