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A.G. Lafley

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A Liberal Education: Preparation for Career Success

Posted: 12/06/11 04:40 PM ET

Soon after trying to uncover the magic formula that colleges use to make admission decisions, students are faced with another vexing question: What subjects and what majors should they choose to ensure their long-term success?

I never figured out the admission formula, but as a former CEO with more than 30 years in management at a Fortune 50 firm, I can offer advice on that second big question: pursue a liberal arts education. For most people, it's the best foundation for a successful career.

Lots of self-help books, pundits and well-intentioned family, friends and advisors encourage college students to "major in something practical," apparently assuming that the liberal arts don't meet that standard. But as someone who spent many years assessing the skills and talents of management prospects for a wide range of disciplines and industries, I know that the candidates who were the most attractive manager prospects were those with a well-exercised mind, leadership potential, and the passion to make a difference. These success factors can be cultivated in many ways, but all are best developed by taking courses in the liberal arts and sciences.

Developing one's mind is no different from developing a strong body: exercise and, specifically, cross training. By studying art, science, the humanities, social science, and languages, the mind develops the mental dexterity that opens a person to new ideas, which is the currency for success in a constantly changing environment. And just as an aspiring major league pitcher needs a live arm and a calculating, cool head to pitch effectively, so too does a management prospect need to be educated broadly to respond effectively to ambiguity and uncertainty. Completing a broad liberal arts curriculum should enable a student to develop the conceptual, creative and critical thinking skills that are the essential elements of a well-exercised mind.

It's true that businesses want employees with mastery. An accountant must understand accounting and a chemist must understand chemistry, but an education that is too specialized produces graduates who may be limited in what they can contribute in the workplace. More than ever, success in business today is about agility and managing, or even leading change. Companies must continually reinvent and transform themselves to win in the face of unrelenting change and competition. Individuals must also continue to change and learn new capabilities and competencies to grow and adapt. Mental agility comes from a well-exercised mind.

Equally important, the liberally educated tend to possess the communication skills that enable them to explain complex issues clearly, so that they are better understood and can be better addressed. In business, it's important to develop a new idea, but it's often as important to be able to explain why an idea is important. Liberal arts graduates are conceptual thinkers. They are also effective communicators.

We also look for leadership, the second success factor when hiring. Most colleges and universities have a student government, newspaper and a multitude of other groups and organizations, but they are more accessible and often more integrated in the real everyday workings of a liberal arts college. The smaller community also means more meaningful and personal interaction with college administrators, faculty and alumni. Even today at Hamilton College, where I serve as chairman of the board, student leaders interact regularly with college management and sit alongside trustees in committee meetings as we plan the college's future.

Passion to make a difference is the third success factor. Here, too, a good liberal education requires students to debate ideas vigorously and consider issues intensely. Students graduate believing they can effect change and make a difference. They learn how to organize an inquiry and hold an advocacy process that's civil and respects others. Companies want graduates with these experiences. Even at a large company like P&G, we want employees accustomed to engaging in issues that matter to them, so that they will not be reluctant to find new solutions that make a difference in the daily lives of customers.

The formula for businesses trying to compete in today's economy is simple: hire employees with the mental agility, leadership and passion to navigate constant change -- in other words, hire those who are liberally educated.

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A.G. Lafley retired as Procter & Gamble chairman in 2010 after 33 years with the company. He currently serves Hamilton College, his alma mater, as Chairman of its Board of Trustees. He is a director of the General Electric Company and a special partner at Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, a private equity company.

 
 
 
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12:59 AM on 01/04/2012
"Developing one's mind is no different from developing a strong body: exercise and, specifically, cross training. By studying art, science, the humanities, social science, and languages, the mind develops the mental dexterity that opens a person to new ideas, which is the currency for success in a constantly changing environment."- As a liberal arts student, it is so nice to read someone of merit glorify a liberal arts degree for once instead of rolling their eyes. Majoring in psychology does not equate to going nowhere in life. You can do anything.
11:14 AM on 12/21/2011
I cannot yell "AMEN" loud enough!!!!!!!!
05:29 PM on 12/16/2011
As a historian and recently hired professor of history at a community college, I have always valued the importance of a Liberal Arts education (at its historic core was the well-rounded education of a citizen to effectively participate in society -- not merely a consumer). Physics, engineering, life sciences all are important to that goal, just as history, writing, philosophy and language.
01:14 PM on 12/13/2011
There is some truth to this article- a college education should not be synonymous with a trade school education and there is value in knowledge for the sake of knowledge and classes in the humanities and social sciences can teach you to reason inductively and expression yourself clearly due to both writing ability and the ability to organize your thoughts.

However, this can most aptly be applied to selective to elite academic institutions where, not only are the classes rigorous, the students will also meet the right people, forge important relationships and, through institutional wherewithal, secure vital internships and entry-level work. We do students who do not qualify for these schools a disservice when we tell them they should borrow tens of thousands of dollars to pursue women or area studies at a community college or some other such institution.
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Arrive2 net
Likes higher education+psychology stories, and own
10:09 PM on 12/12/2011
The Georgetown university research on earnings by major area ( http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/whatsitworth-complete.pdf ) does support that Humanities/ Liberal Arts Majors do much better than you might expect, over the long haul (median found for those not going on to grad school was $47K) plus majoring in liberal arts may be more fun than majoring in some other disciplines that require a lot of rote learning. However liberal art majors are not the best paid group, and that research shows that many other majors also migrate to other disciplines over their career.

One factor in choosing a major is can you finish it and live happily with it. Even if another major paid better, the other major's money might not be worth the torture ... if you really don't like it. It seems like any major can make money and a lot of the variation is apparently due to the individual characteristics of the student, how well placed their contacts are, and what opportunities they get. Still I think the article goes far in dispelling the idea that liberals arts major is a one way ticket to the pop stand. Instead liberal arts major do well on average in terms of lifetime earnings.

Bart Schuster
OnlineGraduateSchool.tripod.com
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09:22 AM on 12/08/2011
I agree completely, and have devoted much of my life to training young people to think by means of close analysis of sophisticated texts including classics but also contemporary texts (I am a graduate of St. John's College, the author of "The Habit of Thought: From Socratic Seminars to Socratic Practice" and at one point created a charter school ranked the 36th best public high school in the U.S.). That said, my perception is that there is wild inconsistency in the quality of liberal arts graduates in the U.S. When I hired a math major I knew I had someone who could think rigorously. But when I hired an English major, sometimes I found that the person could think rigorously and write well, and sometimes I found that the person in fact could neither write nor think, even after graduating from an elite university.

The liberal arts are crucial to our well-being AND they are a disaster. Various political and ideological trends in the humanities over the last few decades, along with grade inflation, have dramatically reduced the average quality of liberal arts education, threatening to undermine the reputation of the liberal arts as a whole. I hope that Lafley is taking a concrete interest in these issues. Otherwise despite the truth of his message, I'm afraid that the liberal arts will continue to shrink. At least someone majoring in accounting knows what they are getting, more or less.
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Claudio Fabio Bertamini
09:23 PM on 12/07/2011
i do agree that a liberal arts degree is a much better fit for an educated adult but i have also learned that a liberal arts degree is only the first step of a very tall ladder. Not all adults are willing, able or even interested in expanding their horizons and only see a degree as a key to a job/career...liberal arts is a lifestyle that must be embraced.
08:51 PM on 12/07/2011
It's so nice to read something from the business community that is supportive of the liberal arts. Actually, it's quite wonderful, given that so much (usually unsolicited) advice from that domain involves the remaking of colleges and universities according to some fanciful "business model" plan, as though "business" was something that never itself failed or needed criticism. Those folks are trying to turn higher education into a vocational training program for the whole nation, usually in order to insure that we "beat the Chinese or the Europeans or whoever else have high scores in "practical" skill-knowledge- that will probably be obsolete by next Tuesday. Please, write more on this, and get some of your CEO buddies to do the same. They can't all of them but you be such blockhead, can they? But if they are, you just write more in this vein.
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StevieTheK
On n'oublie rien, rien du tout
06:03 PM on 12/07/2011
Great commentary, and great comments, all.
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SF TKF
Cthulhu thinks you'd make a nice sandwich.
11:32 AM on 12/07/2011
Better advice was never given. Knowing how to think and how to express yourself (esp in writing) are valuable skills that all too many business majors lack.
Satirist1
All 4 d best in the best of all possible worlds
01:43 PM on 12/07/2011
Try a typical State University liberal arts major for cognitive, information literacy, analytical, English and math skills. You would be shocked.
Most of these departments are hijacked by politically correct, dogmatic and/or socially promoted faculty incapable of seeing, much less teaching, a complex perspective.
Satirist1
All 4 d best in the best of all possible worlds
10:57 AM on 12/07/2011
I agree with a part of the opinion. No question superior(!) liberal arts educaiton provides some high level cognitive skills, essential in today fast changing environment.
However, too many higher learning institutions are demoralized by low achievement in high schools, student sense of entitlement, politically correct admission practices, grade inflation, disappearance of tenure, part-time instruction,lack of resources and online courses provide a remarkably inferior liberal arts education.
This leaves leaves their graduates without few discernible skills and a mountain of debt the Fed.uses draconian measures to enforce-- a road to disaster.
10:07 AM on 12/07/2011
I've been saying this to my kids for years. Learn how to think and think hard and communicate your thoughts to others.
But, it is necessary to make sure that it is not just science kids being exposed to humanities, a popular cant these days. But, humanities kids need to experience science in all its creative glory.
12:48 AM on 12/07/2011
Thank you for sharing with us. Saying that you're amazing is an understatement. I admire how you were able to figure out so many important things at such a young age. Be so sure of yourself and your fears didn't stop you. Your advice is golden and much appreciated

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