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Alan Dershowitz

Alan Dershowitz

Posted: February 18, 2010 04:18 PM

If Israel Killed Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, Did it Have the Right To?

What's Your Reaction:


I don't know whether Israel did or did not assassinate the leader of the Hamas military wing, Mahmoud al-Mabhouh. But assuming for argument's sake that the Mossad made the hit, did it have the right to engage in this "extrajudicial assassination?"

Not all extrajudicial killings are unlawful. Every soldier who kills an enemy combatant engages in an extrajudicial killing, as does every policeman who shoots a fleeing felon. There are several complex legal questions involved in assessing these situations.

First, was the person who was killed a combatant, in relation to those killed him? If Israel killed Mabhouh, there can be absolutely no doubt that he was a combatant. He was actively participating in an ongoing war by Hamas against Israeli civilians. Indeed, it is likely that he was killed while on a military mission to Iran in order to secure unlawful, anti-personnel rockets that target Israeli civilians. Both the United States and Great Britain routinely killed such combatants during the Second World War, whether they were in uniform or not. Moreover, Hamas combatants deliberately remove their uniforms while engaged in combat.

So if the Israeli Air Force had killed Mabhouh while he was in Gaza, there would be absolutely no doubt that their action would be lawful. It does not violate international law to kill a combatant, regardless of where the combatant is found, whether he is awake or asleep and whether or not he is engaged in active combat at the moment of his demise.

But Mabhouh was not killed in Gaza. He was killed in Dubai. It is against the law of Dubai for an Israeli agent to kill a combatant against Israel while he is in Dubai. So the people who engaged in the killing presumptively violated the domestic law of Dubai, unless there is a defense to such a killing based on international principles regarding enemy combatants. It is unlikely that any defense would be available to an Israeli or someone working on behalf of Israel, since Dubai does not recognize Israel's right to kill enemy combatants on its territory.

If it could be proved that Israel was responsible for the hit--an extremely unlikely situation--then only Dubai could lawfully bring Israelis to trial. They would not be properly subjected to prosecution before an international tribunal. But what if a suspect was arrested in England, the United States or some other western country and Dubai sought his extradition? That would pose an interesting legal, diplomatic, political and moral dilemma. Traditional extradition treaties do not explicitly cover situations of this kind. This was not an ordinary murder. It was carried out as a matter of state policy as part of an ongoing war. A western democracy would certainly have the right and the power to refuse to extradite. But they might decide, for political or diplomatic reasons, to turn the person over to Dubai.

Turning now to the moral considerations, which might influence a decision whether to extradite, the situation is even murkier. The Goldstone report suggests that Israel cannot lawfully fight Hamas rockets by wholesale air attacks. Richard Goldstone, in his interviews, has suggested that Israel should protect itself from these unlawful attacks by more proportionate retail measures, such as commando raids and targeted killing of terrorists engaged in the firing of rockets. Well, there could be no better example of a proportionate, retail and focused attack on a combatant who was deeply involved in the rocket attacks on Israel, than the killing of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh. Not only was Mabhouh the commander in charge of Hamas' unlawful military actions at the time of his death, he was also personally responsible for the kidnapping and coldblooded murder of two Israeli soldiers several years earlier.

Obviously it would have been better if he could have been captured and subjected to judicial justice. But it was impossible to capture him, especially when he was in Dubai. If Israel was responsible for the killing, it had only two options: to let him go on his way and continue to endanger Israeli civilian lives by transferring unlawful anti-personnel weapons from Iran to Gaza, or to kill him. There was no third alternative. Given those two options, killing seems like the least tragic choice available.

I leave to others, more expert in these matters, whether if Israel ordered the killing, it was strategically the right thing, or whether they carried it off in an intelligent manner. But as to the legal and moral right to end the threat posed by this mass murderer, the least bad alternative would seem to be his extrajudicial killing.

 
 
 
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12:54 PM on 03/02/2010
"No state at war with another shall countenance such modes of hostility as would make mutual confidence impossible in a subsequent state of peace: such are the employment of assassins (percussores) or of poisoners (venefici)... These are dishonourable stratagems."

(E. Kant in ‘Perpetual Peace’ Article 6)

If I may add to the list of 'dishonorable stratagems': stealing and/or forging passports...but that's another issue.
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Janetshusb
05:46 PM on 03/01/2010
Deshowitz's legal arguments about Israel always start from the Zionist premise that Jews have a right to the land from the Jordan River to the sea because a very long time ago a god, looking for exclusive rights of worship and finding that the people then living on the land rather enjoyed their multiple gods, chased them off and gave the land to the Jews in return for exclusive recognition.
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Janetshusb
07:54 PM on 03/01/2010
When you start from that perspective any argument is possible
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Mujtaba S
09:43 AM on 03/01/2010
I do not agree with Mr Dershowitz on a lot of things, but i agree with him on this one. Id rather have Israel carry out assassinations to kill someone who is actually responsible for doing something wrong, than a full scale aerial attack which ends up taking hundreds of innocent lives.
12:57 PM on 02/28/2010
The international community is in agreement: Israel has violated the inalienable right of Arab serial killers and mass murderers to safe haven in Dubai!
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Fein
Either everybody counts or nobody does.
11:46 AM on 02/24/2010
One glaring legal point that's intentionally overlooked (as usual) ; Israel can't claim self defense since the
action was in support of an illegal occupation.

More on the order of a bank robber killing a guard in the commission of a robbery.
09:23 PM on 02/22/2010
Since 1948 Israel has been at war and it was the first country to taste the realities of the global war on terror. A war that knows no boundaries. It doesn't announce a declaration of war, it just goes on killing people. Until now, the West has not come to grips with its realities and just sees the Jihadist as a bunch of ordinary criminals making ordinary crimes. Israel understands that we could already be at WW3 but its allies are closing their eyes to it.
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09:16 PM on 02/21/2010
"he was also personally responsible for the kidnapping and coldblooded murder of two Israeli soldiers"
"If Israel killed Mabhouh.."

So the Israeli soldiers were murdered but Mabhouh was merely killed.
11:32 PM on 02/22/2010
Mabhouh reportedly admitted to their killings 2-3 weeks ago in an interview on al-Jazeera saying he dressed up as an Orthodox Jew.
05:01 AM on 02/25/2010
I believe the point being made was about the disparity in the language used to describe the crimes.
Paulo1
Thanks for reading, (even if you disagree)
10:26 AM on 02/21/2010
Ah Alan, you always deliver such bombastic Israeli propaganda and apologia.

Pure sophistry as usual. Your argument is utilitarian and reminds me very much of others who have used the same rational to commit acts best left in history books. I will remember your comments when reviewing WWII history.
11:45 AM on 02/20/2010
"If Israel killed Mabhouh, there can be absolutely no doubt that he was a combatant. He was actively participating in an ongoing war by Hamas against Israeli civilians."

So, in other words, all the Israeli commanders and soldiers who have engaged in bulldozing and murdering Palestinian civilians are fair game for covert assassination?

Good to know.
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Talossa
Liberal. Pro-Israel. Recovering atheist.
03:41 PM on 02/20/2010
Everyone living is Israel is a target already, and always has been. That's why Israel defends itself.
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05:33 PM on 02/20/2010
And.....after all the killings has anything changed for the past half century?

Time to take a new track.
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basenji
Dog lover
03:08 AM on 02/22/2010
The issue isn't whether or not they are 'targets', but should they be viewed as LEGITIMATE targets by western observers.

You are asking us to view this event as 'one less terrorist' based on the fact that this fellow took up arms to fight against the occupation and has blood on his hands. Similarly, the occupier has blood and the further burden of being the occupier, therefore should get less sympathy. Correct?

So if Hamas turns around and shoots Shalit in the head, the west should shrug its shoulders and say "C'est La Vie' in ME.
01:52 AM on 02/21/2010
Since when the Palestinians terrorists need reason to kill Israelis? They first try kill and then think of a "reason".
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EnMasse
08:26 AM on 02/20/2010
"It was carried out as a matter of state policy as part of an ongoing war."

Mr. Dershowitz just provided a justification for Hamas to carry out assassinations of Israeli military leaders.

Too bad anything he says about Israel is not actually based on the letter of international law, just his ongoing attempts to justify all illegal Israeli activities.
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courtb
10:19 AM on 02/20/2010
Ok, so what's the letter of international law in regards to assassinations?
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GCHRV
08:52 PM on 02/21/2010
Hamas doesn't need any legal justification. it Actively targets Israeli CIVILIANS intentionally, and the more innocent casualty's - the better (in the evil eyes of Hamas). so please, they don't need any legal advice, just give them an opportunity and they cold-bloodily at grandmothers and children...
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Marcus1
Trickledownscam
03:28 PM on 02/22/2010
Just like Israel,except Israel has 1000 times the amount of blodd on their hands
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RepublicanStones
08:09 AM on 02/20/2010
And regarding the creation of israel, which was illegal. Israel declared statehood against the wishes of the vast majority of the indigenous people. Resolution 181 held only recommendation status, not enforcement. it was only binding so long as both sides agreed, and the palestinians were well within their legal and moral rights to refuse the 181. The surrounding Arab nations came at the request of the people who held sovereignty in palestine...the palestinians, whose sovereignty was under threat by armed groups who were being aided by outside forces, such as Czechslovakia. A famous jurist of the time, Hans Kelsen, himself a jew, pointed out the fact that the palestinians were legally entitled to refuse 181 and that it held no enforcement status over them. Obviously the zionists.... Ben-Gurion et al accepted 181 (which is routinely painted as noble by pro-zionists) , I mean if i was overed a slice of somebody elses land, against their will i'd seriously consider it..then probably decline it as it is IMMORAL. And given the widely acknowledged expansionist aims of the founders of Israel,

"after we become a strong force, as the result of the creation of a state, we shall abolish partition and expand to the whole of Palestine." (Ben-Gurion)

the Palestinians were f**ked whether they accepted 181 or not.
BubbaC33
Jimmy Buffett is the greatest American
12:18 PM on 02/20/2010
Israel was not created by the UN, that is a mistaken idea. We were restored by the UN partition plan. Given the underpopulated status of the region at the time of the First liya there is no real argument that the incoming Jews dipossessed a large number of Arabs from their land. In fact, the Jews made purchases of land, mostly from absentee owners of land that was not developed and was not utilized.
If one holds to your argument that the UN has no power over a nation or people unless they accept it there has been no legal basis for a large number of actions taken by the UN. For example, the actions taken against Zimbabwe are certainly n9ot doe with the permission or acceptance of the people of that nation. UN actions inside Somalia are also not legal under your argument. Thank gfoodness your argument is wrong.
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Talossa
Liberal. Pro-Israel. Recovering atheist.
03:46 PM on 02/20/2010
As usual, the Israeli side presents facts while the other side screams. Your point about Zimbabwe is spot-on.

Recommended reading for anyone interested in the settlement and creation of Israel: "The Claim of Dispossession" by Arieh Avneri:

http://books.google.com/books?id=ud1xBeZZRDsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+claim+of+dispossession&source=bl&ots=eLPytKLQU9&sig=quX5n6RG63sW24leqPnuKwEgGgM&hl=en&ei=cEmAS_GXOJT-M9WK1agE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=&f=false

This is a superb work of scholarship that puts everything into perspective, from just how empty Palestine was under Ottoman rule to exactly how the Jews (legally) acquired their lands there. A must-read for anyone interested in the actual history of the region.
12:11 AM on 02/20/2010
I have not seen anyone "seriously" writing to contest the right of Israelis to kill al-Mabhouh. He was a combatant, even his family admits to that. But then so is Ehud Barak, which by that standard makes him a fair and legitimate target overseas as well.
The shocking issue is the incompetence of it all, which has even stunned many Arabs, so used to Israeli superiority in military and espionage matters (with the exception of Hezbollah). Then there is the UAE, which is not a battleground, and the several European states whose passports may have been forged, if not stolen. Then there is the embarrassment to the Palestinian Authority as at least two of its agents were involved........
And, don't they know that all hotels have cameras these days? As do all airports? And why did it take eleven people (or was it thirteen) to off one man? Was it partly a shopping junket for some of them?
12:33 AM on 02/20/2010
If you have not seen anyone "seriously" writing to contest extrajudicial murder in these comments then you need to learn to read.
12:38 AM on 02/20/2010
Whoever did it, mission: get in, kill the target and get out -- This exactly what happened, mission successful, period!

What happened before, during and afterward is irrelevant, except of course to Israeli haters.
04:34 AM on 02/20/2010
Fanned! Proud to be your first fan.
09:26 PM on 02/19/2010
can we agree on this:if isreal's enimies don't play by the rules (strapping bombs on children and marching them into pizza joints) isreal can certainly smother terrorist military commanders with pillows. i concede that using other isreali's identities is lame and those harmed should be compensated.icna we also agree, getting to the "root," that isreal will never be accepted by the arab states and will never have full standing within the international community, EVER. isreal could send everyone it has to save hatian children or cure cancer or invent fusion or disarm itself completely and give its nukes to iran and promise to give 99% of its GDP to hungry arabs and it will still be hated by the countries that will always hate it ie a large swath of the international community. and because this is the case one of two things will happen: 1) a nuclear holocaust in the mideast within 30 years or 2) the arab nations just flat out win and isreali jews are scattered around the world. there exists no third option where iran or al queda or palestine or hamas say to themselves that maybe isreal is ok afterall and we should just make peace and back off and eat falafal as friends. isreal will never exist in any sense of normalcy with its neighbors. there will be no peace until one, the other or both are destroyed. cynical but true. and, if it isn't clear, i'm a supporter of isreal.
09:51 PM on 02/19/2010
No you're not a supporter of anything, other than your strange logic. What are you talking about?
10:19 PM on 02/19/2010
i am an utter cynic. i think the problem is intractable. there is no solution. there will be no "peace in the middle east." i can't see a critical mass of the arab population agreeing to isreal's existence, nor can i see isreal not agreeing to its existence. it will take decades, and a new generation, for any progress to even possibly be made and by that time nuclear weapons on one side or another will be deployed. what i am talking about is that there is no answer. regardless of who's right no one wins. i would hope that isreal will be around in 40 years. i do not believe it will. and for that happen something catastrophic will go down. clear enough?
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RepublicanStones
07:33 PM on 02/19/2010
"First, was the person who was killed a combatant, in relation to those killed him? If Israel killed Mabhouh, there can be absolutely no doubt that he was a combatant. He was actively participating in an ongoing war by Hamas against Israeli civilians"

Dershowtiz with the above has just provided legitimacy for Hamas killing Gilad Shalit. Who after all was a combatant manning an siege fence, which was in contravention of International law and also an act of war, which as Dershowitz admits, is ongoing.
12:45 AM on 02/20/2010
Gilad Shalit is a prisoner of war, thus covered by the Geneva Convention, albeit it is the last thing on the Hamas mind.

Terrorists that are captured by Israel are trialed and put in jail, there is no death penalty in Israel except for Nazi war criminals, but there are no many of those left these days.
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RepublicanStones
08:02 AM on 02/20/2010
Care to explain Israeli Administrative Detention then? Their lawyers rarely get to see the 'evidence' Israel has against them, handed 6 months without being able to defend themselves, followed by another 6 months, then another...

Oh and care to explain why many Palestinians whom Israel kidnaps in the OPT end up in jails in Israel proper? (Which contravenes international law) and also care to explain why many do not get to see their loved ones, as their loved ones are incapable of crossing into Israel proper in mny cases, because of the system Israel imposes. And nevermind the 'municipaltiy citizenship' which Israel imposes on Arabs in annexed East Jerusalem, which means if they wish to see their loved ones in jail, Israel can prevent them from returning home.

So Israel 'arrests' palestinian peace activists from their bed in the dead of night, yet the palestinians 'kidnap' a soldier manning a siege fence which is not only in contravention of international law, but also an act of war. It seems that israel whilst denying the palestinians their own state also think they can dictate the lexicon of the debate by demanding any israeli held by palestinians is kidnapped, after all, the Palestinians don't have a state legal to try him with, so its 'kidnapping'. One person who most defintely is not kidnapped, is a soldier who is manning a siege fence, and who is thentaken by the very people he has under siege. Prisoner of war would be more apt.
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Talossa
Liberal. Pro-Israel. Recovering atheist.
06:18 PM on 02/21/2010
About as many as there are Palestinian "refugees" who actually ever lived in Palestine.

Just fanned you. :-) As a lefty liberal I have a policy of not fanning hard-core conservatives (especially on the Israel threads) but you make a lot of sense!
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RepublicanStones
07:30 PM on 02/19/2010
"Fact: Most of the Palestinians who were there in 1948 had arrived within the past few decades, not 8,000 years."

Lies, i suggest you read the diaries of Ahad ha'am and HB trsitram. lay off the Joan Peters. Claiming Palestine was virtually empty both factually wrong and long debunked lies.
12:54 AM on 02/20/2010
There were no Palestinians in Palestine before 1948, they were known simply "Arabs", the term "Palestinians" to describe the Arabs of Palestine was introduced in 1962 with the inception of the PLO .
02:58 AM on 02/20/2010
So what? THey now call themselves Palestinians, the fact that they used a different name for themselves (according to you) pre-1948 makes zero difference to their common-law rights to live upon their historical lands.

Or do you think that the zionists had some innate "right" to appropriate those lands from the arabs/Palestinians/whatever-you-want-to-call-the-native-inhabitants since the Bible claims that there was a 'kingdom' of Israel there several thousand years ago (though historians and archaeologists can find evidence for little beyond a few transient and loosely connected city states).
09:59 AM on 03/16/2010
So, on the assumption that your statement is right, it is OK to kick out the "Arabs" from Palestine just because they are not called Palestinians?!?

Does that mean you are OK with the killing of the natives of North Ameria just because they are not called "Americans" , or those of Australia because they are not called "Australians" ?

The fact of the matter is, which I'm sure you know but won't admit, that Palestine was then part of the Ottoman Empire, and as everyone knows, the population was referred to by the name of the Empire. I believe everyone outside the US refers to the Californians as AMERICANS! Only other Americans make the distinction and call them Californians!

What a preposterous argument to deny people the right to live in their country!
01:28 AM on 02/20/2010
Dershowitz, had provided census done, and showed the population increase during that time period, to best one possibly could, so near impossible for you to claim his claims are false! But you can believe and spread whatever propaganda you want. The Arabs in the British Mandate claimed, in 20's there wasn't enough room for European Jews to immigrate there, which was an outright lie, as British envoys who were commissioned there, proved and saw for themselves that was not the case, and concluded in their report, the single real reason for Arabs rioting against the Jews in British Mandate, was because they did not want to live side by side with them or for them to have a homeland in the territory which they self claimed should be South Syria.

And comparing Gilad who never killed anyone but manned a "Legitimate" fence which has saved many lives (Israelis, Christian's and Arabs) from suicide terrorists, to a Mass Murderer shows how ludicrous your logic is!
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RepublicanStones
09:20 AM on 02/20/2010
"Dershowitz, had provided census done, and showed the population increase during that time period,"

Dershowtiz used Joan Peters fraudulent work 'From Time Imemmorial' which Finkelstein demolished in an earlier. Finkelstein demonstrated quite clearly how Peters manipulated the figures and cherry picked. And this was published before Dershowitz used Perters work for his 'The Case for Israel'. Which Finkelstein then annihalated with his 'Beyond Chutzpah'. Please do a bit more reading before claiming palestine was virtually empty, its a long debunked falsehood and is a fraud claim just like the Protocols is.
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RepublicanStones
09:21 AM on 02/20/2010
And before you gert started if as many claim Palestine was virtually empty and barren and israel made the desert bloom care to explain this from culutral zionist Ahad Ha’am…

“We abroad are used to believe the Eretz Yisrael is now almost totally desolate, a desert that is not sowed ….. But in truth that is not the case. Throughout the country it is difficult to find fields that are not sowed. Only sand dunes and stony mountains …. are not cultivated.”


Why didn’t anyone let HB Tristram know Palestine was barren and uninhabitied before he wrote about the ‘imaginary’ Jabul Nablus..

‘Its beauty can hardly be exaggerated…Clusters of white-roofed houses nestling in the bosom of a mass of trees, olive,palm, orange, apricot, and many another varying the carpet with every shade of gree…Everything fresh, green, soft, and picturesque, with verdure, shade, and water everywhere…a rich blue haze from the many springs and steamlets, which mellows every hard ouline..’


And these guys were writing in the 19th century. So please stop spreading long debunked nonsense, you only make a fool of yourself.