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Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

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'Bursts': Can Human Behavior Be Predicted And Controlled?

Posted: 04/29/10 09:00 AM ET

I am a scientist, which means that I believe that most natural phenomena can be understood, quantified, predicted, and eventually controlled. No one would find any of these goals questionable.

What, however, if I replace natural phenomena with humans? It would read, humans can be understood, quantified, predicted and eventually controlled. Now, that is a scary thought!

There is a little secret that we, scientists, do not like to talk about: The scientific revolution stalled at the gates of natural sciences, bypassing us, humans. Indeed, we can predict where an electron will go but we cannot foresee and stop economic crises; we can turn a gene on or off but we have no control over wars and battles; we can send a robot to Mars, but we are lost if asked to predict phenomena we would think we should know the most about, which is the actions of our fellow humans. As a result, today we can find out more about Jupiter than about the guy who sits next to us.

True, there is a fundamental difference between our ability to explore human behavior, or study bacteria or electrons. Bacteria don't get annoyed at you when you put them under a microscope. The moon will not sue you for landing a spacecraft on its face. Electrons are not subject to privacy laws. Yet, none of us want to submit to the invasive inquiry to which we subject our bacteria, our planets, or our electrons--aiming to know everything about us, all the time. In Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do, I try to convince you that this is about to change, with profound consequences.

Indeed, today just about everything we do leaves digital breadcrumbs in some database. Our e-mails are preserved in the log files of our e-mail provider; when, where, and what we shop for, our taste and our ability to pay for it is catalogued by our credit card provider; our face and fashion is remembered by countless surveillance cameras installed everywhere, from shopping malls to street corners. While we often choose not to think about it, the truth is that we are under multiple microscopes and our life, with minute resolution, can be pieced together from these mushrooming databases. And the measurements my research group and other scientists have performed on some of these datasets show something rather unexpected: they not only track our past, but they reveal our future as well. Indeed, by studying the communication and movement of millions of individuals through the electronic records they left behind, like mobile phone records, we have found a huge degree of predictability of individual behavior. The measurements told us that to those familiar with our past, our future acts should rarely be a surprise.

As we follow our impulses and daily priorities, we rarely realize that we submit ourselves to mathematically precise laws that describe our activities. The patterns are by no means new--they drove human behavior for centuries, dominating everything from wars to Einstein's correspondence. Our ability to collect these patterns is new, however, allowing us to extract the laws that govern some of our most intimate moments. And as we did that, we learned that everything we do, we do in bursts--brief periods of intensive activity followed by long periods of nothingness. These bursts are so essential to human nature that trying to avoid them is not only foolish, but futile as well.

But can we engineer bursts? This is what I attempted to do recently with brsts.com--engaging others into a predictive burst. The premise of the experiment is simple. The whole book, "Bursts," is available on the site, just as it will appear in print. But each word is covered by a rectangle. Each user can 'adopt' a word, and at that moment all words adopted by others will become visible to her. So once 84,000 individuals have each adopted a word, roughly the number of words in the book, the whole book will become visible to the adopters. But any user can unlock the whole book within days by guessing a sufficient number of covered words, as each successful guess offers additional points that helps the user reveal further content.

Two weeks into the release Brsts.com, eleven users have collected enough points to unlock and read the whole book. Yet, to our surprise, no one bothered to do that. Instead, the players continued their guessing game. Some have amassed over five million points, sufficient to unlock and read the book fifty times over! The predictive game behind bursts became more addictive than reading.

Today we obsess over Facebook, Myspace and Twitter, hungrily devouring our friends' thoughts, ideas and images. Imagine a new generation of social networking sites that offer not our past, but peek into our future. Forget "What's on your mind?" and focus instead on events to come. If you find Twitter and Facebook absorbing, Bursts has a message for you: the possibility of predicting the future could be far more addictive.


When he is not busy predicting your whereabouts, Albert-László Barabási does research on networks and complex systems. He predicts that his new book, Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do will hit your bookstore around April 29.

 
I am a scientist, which means that I believe that most natural phenomena can be understood, quantified, predicted, and eventually controlled. No one would find any of these goals questionable. What,...
I am a scientist, which means that I believe that most natural phenomena can be understood, quantified, predicted, and eventually controlled. No one would find any of these goals questionable. What,...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dsandora
11:39 AM on 05/01/2010
There must be something wrong with the site because it won't let me adopt the word when I click on the green box...
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lightist
light as a photon, heavy as tungsten.
12:29 PM on 04/30/2010
It's beautiful enough to simply live in the present every moment.

Or as Firesign Theatre said: "What do I think about the future? The future ain't here yet."

I know it sounds simple. That's the point.
04:00 PM on 04/30/2010
lightist

It should be enough to simply live for the moment.
Thank you for that reminder.
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jdoeremi
The gentlest gamester is the soonest winner
01:55 AM on 04/30/2010
Professor Barabasi, I don't know you personally but I became a big fan of yours after I saw you explain Network Theory on the Science Channel months ago. You blew my mind then (and still do this day) because your words and knowledge about this budding science rang true to me. I will definitely read and enjoy "Bursts" from cover to cover. I have a degree in computer science so if you need help and support from someone with great enthusiasm for your work, please feel free to contact me.
aristippe
no more war for oil
12:53 AM on 04/30/2010
yes traffic lights do it all the time
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
rlcapps
12:38 AM on 04/30/2010
All the problems that the world faces since the industrial revolution have come about because people thought they could predict what people will do. They think people should act a certain way if they are put in a certain situation and they think by mastering this they can control the outcome of wars, mergers, elections. Basically any response they want they can illicit through certain arbitrary actions that seem logical but aren't. They are completely random because people are completely random. Russia should have beaten Afghanistan. wrong. America should beat Vietnam, wrong. People will riot when you think they aren't supposed to and when you think they will they won't. They'll revolt in one instance and in the same instance weeks later they will decide not to. As Howard Zinn put's it No one knows what any group of people will do because history shows us there is no preemptive move that will make anyone do anything with 100% certainty.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DonRoberto
12:12 AM on 04/30/2010
Actually, electrons and other subatomic particles *are* subject to a kind of privacy law --- the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. But point taken.
10:54 PM on 04/29/2010
The answer clearly is No. In fact, we have very little ability to predict the behavior even of natural systems outside of certain narrowly confined settings (e.g., planetary orbits for the next few thousand years). Outside of these exceptional situations, I cannot think of a single prediction made more than ten years or so out whose accuracy could not be explained by chance.

We don't like to admit that the future is unknowable, the gap between what is possible and what we want is a breeding ground for con men: astrologers, political consultants, fund managers, MBAs, system-building academic scientists, and the rest of the army of ethically challenged charlatans ready to feed the public demand for unattainable certainty.
Star2000dancer
Pay it forward, the movie..
10:46 PM on 04/29/2010
You think those things can not be controlled? Here, let me enlighten you.

"The House of Bush: Born in a Bank"

It enlightened me more than anything else has yet,
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tom95134
03:41 PM on 04/29/2010
"...humans can be understood, quantified, predicted and eventually controlled."

I think that the point that this falls apart is when you posit that humans can be controlled. In my opinion you have about as much of a chance of controlling humans as you do by trying to control a tiger while riding on its back and holding its tail.

On the other hand, as we move towards the capability of amassing more and more information and analyzing this information it is possible that we will be able to make fairly accurate predictions about what will happen in the future. Some will look at this as controlling behavior but it isn't. It's just being a good predictor based on the view out the rear window and an in depth understanding of human behavior. The key to this is a large enough sample base and fast and intelligent analysis.

Issac Asimov based the Foundation series on an ability to predict the future based on knowledge of the past and current actions.
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03:24 PM on 04/29/2010
Sure it can. Look at the military. Military leaders are able to convince people to kill and risk being killed so that those at the top can profit.

Same applies to religious leaders, governments, anyone who is in "control" over a group of people.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tom95134
03:57 PM on 04/29/2010
"Military leaders are able to convince people to kill and risk being killed..."

If you take a close look at the way they convince people to kill is by dehumanizing the enemy. Take a look at War propaganda. The "enemy" is never referred to as a person. A rational person under normal circumstances will not take the life of another person.

The other factor is the risk of being killed. The military makes use of the "herd instinct" to make you willing to put your life at risk. This starts in boot camp where you are "buddied" up with someone else. While they won't admit it, the military depends on a person to develop a close person relationship (love?) for another person to the point where you will put your life in danger to protect them.
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JDM73
male, 38, writer/draughtsman/ex-musician
03:04 PM on 04/29/2010
Controlled? Perhaps, to some extent. Predicted? Definitely. Schopenhauer had human behavior pegged in the 19th century.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
dartagnan
02:58 PM on 04/29/2010
"Indeed, we can predict where an electron will go but we cannot foresee and stop economic crises"

That's because human beings do not act rationally in economic matters. Classical economists made the mistake of assuming they did.
Konnie
PO'd PROGRESSIVE
12:32 PM on 04/29/2010
just got an email card "joke". two of us tried and failed to "out think" the which card we would pick "joke". it picked which card we would pick every time. yeah, i'm pretty sure we are pretty
predictable scienticifcally and politically............sad but true, 99% of us are just lemmings.....
made "the onycontin guy", "god is speaking to me bloon", and the "i don't have to read winker" rich
didn't it..............
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12:05 PM on 04/29/2010
isn't it obvious by the comments that it can? Mass media controls the minds of people
11:50 AM on 04/29/2010
Reminds me of what my wise old grandma said: "Just because you CAN doesn't mean you SHOULD".