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Alfie Kohn

Alfie Kohn

Posted: December 10, 2010 08:22 AM

"In recent years, parents have cried in dismay that their children could not read out loud, could not spell, could not write clearly," while "employers have said that mechanics could not read simple directions. Many a college has blamed high schools for passing on students ... who could not read adequately to study college subjects; high schools have had to give remedial reading instruction to boys and girls who did not learn to read properly in elementary schools..."

On and on goes the devastating indictment of our education system. Or -- well, perhaps I shouldn't say "our" education system, since few of us had much to say about school policy when this article appeared in 1954.

Similar jeremiads were published, of course, in the 1980s (see especially the Reagan Administration's influential and deeply dishonest "Nation at Risk" report) and in the 1970s, but one could argue that those, like today's denunciations of falling standards and demands for accountability, reflect the same legacy of multiculturalism, radical education professors, and the post-Woodstock cultural realignment that brought down traditional values inside and outside of schools.

But how does one defend such an argument when it turns out that people were saying exactly the same things about America's dysfunctional education system before Vietnam, before Civil Rights, before feminism -- and displaying that same aggressive nostalgia for an earlier era when, you know, excellence really mattered?

And if pundits were throwing up their hands during the Eisenhower era about schools on the decline, about students who could barely read and write, about how we're being beaten by [insert name of other country here], the obvious question is: When exactly was that golden period that was distinguished by high standards?

The answer, of course, is that it never existed. "The story of declining school quality across the 20th century is, for the most part, a fable," says social scientist Richard Rothstein, whose book The Way We Were? cites a series of similar attacks on American education, moving backward one decade at a time. Each generation invokes the good old days, during which, we discover, people had been doing exactly the same thing. ("Grade inflation" is a case in point: Harvard professors were already grumbling about how A's were "given too readily" back in 1894, only a few years after letter grades were introduced to the college.)

Of course, this phenomenon isn't limited to schooling. As I've described elsewhere, claims that parents are too permissive, that they fail to set limits, and consequently that "kids today" are spoiled and self-centered, can be found in articles and books that date back decades, if not centuries.

To dig up strikingly familiar observations or sentiments offered by people long dead isn't just an amusing rhetorical flourish. These echoes deprive us of the myth of uniqueness, and that can be usefully unsettling. Whenever we're apt to sound off about how contemporary education -- or any other aspect of modern life -- is unprecedented in its capacity to give offense, the knowledge that our grandparents or distant ancestors said much the same thing, give or take a superficial detail, serves to remind us of an observation once offered by Adrienne Rich: "Nostalgia is only amnesia turned around."

 

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11:59 AM on 12/14/2010
Actually yes, I do remember.

The catch is that even though the standards were higher fo schools, the majority never met those standards. For the most part I became educated in spite of the system, not because of it.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
11:49 PM on 12/13/2010
Well, yes, I do. Compare "4th grade reading" now to 50 and 100 years ago. I also remember when standards of behavior, homework completion, and student accountability were much higher. I remember when parents backed teachers up, and cheating was considered beyond the pale.
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William Ferriter
09:23 AM on 12/14/2010
And then compare the number of students that our system attempted to educate 50 or 100 years ago, been2there.

What you'll find is that our system has done a pretty remarkable job trying to educate everyone---instead of just the upper crust that were educated in the early years of the American public school system....or that are currently educated in the vast majority of international countries that we're compared to.

How does that reality---that our system is serving far more kids from far different social and ability classes than we were during the golden years that you so admire---change your conclusion that today's schools are a failure?
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
07:22 PM on 12/14/2010
There is real truth in your point that we now try to educate those who were forgotten before. My point is that there was a time when standards were higher.
The question we need to ask now is if we can educate these previously tossed students to high standards.
I think we can, but only if the students and parents do their part.
07:44 PM on 12/13/2010
Well Alfie a few important things have happened in the last two or three decades. Between the internet and texting and the US's wholehearted adoption of Whole Language methods to teach reading and writing, phonetically based instruction, the whole thing is a mess right now.

Language is a living thing, and all living things change and grow. When Chaucer and Shakespeare first appeared on the scene they too were criticized for being too bawdy or just low class literature in general. So we are in transition, language is in transition, how the students now learn and connect is linear thinking, surface level stuff with no deep connections.

So, we either figure out a way to make deeper connections to the internet and promote critical thinking skills or we just sit back and think of the good old days, when most populations were illiterate anyway.
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Robert Schwartz
Parent, educator, edtech enthusiast/skeptic
07:26 PM on 12/13/2010
Read this alongside Jonathan Cole's post today - contrasting views on a similar theme.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-r-cole/waiting-for-superman-or-g_b_794381.html
researcher
researcher
01:56 PM on 12/13/2010
25 comments Alfie now you need to write what you think it will take to turn this around.

for myself I see education as just a reflection of something bigger that is wrong with our society.

education is just an aspect of this society's failure on several fronts.

deming told us our future if we did not change and make the emphasis on quality in all aspects of our culture. we listened not.
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
11:50 PM on 12/13/2010
You are right that educational failure is more a symptom than anything else.
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Sean Taylor Teacher
Literacy is a right of all people
11:13 PM on 12/12/2010
Remember when we had dreams. We have the educational system just the way many politicians, parents, students, and administrators want and like. Some years 73% of my students come to me functionality illiterate. After years of canned literacy programs most kids hate reading and have no desire to read. "Reading is boring" "Books have no value" many kids see reading as a big waste of time, never a path to a future "Happily Ever After" To help my students learn to read and dream we spend the first 20-25 days of schools reading great children's literature. We explore powerful stories that inspire, motivate, and awaken the sleeping dreams. We live the stories and dream the dreams. What inspires todays kids to dream? Todays media kills dreams! Canned literacy programs inspire boredom! When the dream, dreams, the dreamer, inspiration is assured. Happy ever afters, are made with a life of hard-work and dreams.
06:41 PM on 12/12/2010
Yes, but now we have corporations and their self-promoting representatives (Bush, Rhee, ad naseum) saying it, so it MUST be true.
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Arthur Goldstein
06:58 PM on 12/11/2010
From Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrews, back in 1742--could be Bill Gates today:

"I have found it; I have discovered the cause of all the misfortunes which befell him. A public school, Joseph, was the cause of all the calamities which he afterwards suffered. Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality"
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teacher39years
Educational Reformers need to be "Reformed."
03:21 PM on 12/11/2010
A Nation At Risk was one of the biggest hoaxes ever perpetrated on the American Public. It began the Reform Movement and strengthened Government Involvment in schools. Now that Corporate Interests have figured out a way to get some of the 5% of the Gross National Product that is spent on Education, they are chomping at the bits to accelerate this "crisis" in the schools.
05:22 PM on 12/11/2010
Reform as such did manage to actually work in a number of schools I am familiar with. Some have looked at instructional methods (presenting many different ways of learning to the students), length of school year/day (Buffalo MN has 90 minute class periods in the high school so that application and guided practice are emphasized in the learning process), and I have reports of other schools lengthening the school day (local elementary district has an 8 hr day for teachers) and lengthening school year (some large cities)and still others are using multiple text books to present differing views and reading levels in core subjects. Others are dealing with a hefty increase in autism within the student body, way beyond the national norm. (a large district with military facilities).

And, of course, the demonized or diefied charter schools continue to make news in both large cities and rural districts.

Would love to discuss this with you at length. Have a good friend who would join the conversation - retired central office from Chicago.
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teacher39years
Educational Reformers need to be "Reformed."
10:33 PM on 12/11/2010
I'll bet that there are many others that feel this way. Too bad we can't get them all together .
researcher
researcher
06:01 PM on 12/11/2010
corp america and wall street are out after two big pots of gold.

social security and education.

and they will even create a social security crisis when there is none to privitize it for wall street scams.

and it will work they will create a war on social security like terrorism and americans will let it go private.

the capitalists are ten times smarter than the general population.

the amount of corp profits that can be made from our wars for corp profits with cost plus contracts is not for the faint of heart.

the rebuilding of tanks used in iraq war alone that corp has a five year backlog of orders.$$$$$$$$
10:14 AM on 12/11/2010
If I remember right, in the 80's we were rated very favorably in the world. We were testing on computational skills and not a lot of higher level problems. The behavior problems were minimal compared to today. I can remember my first graders easily learned addition and subtraction and it wasn't a high socioeconomic school. By the 90's, my fourth graders REFUSED to learn any facts. If it took work, it wasn't in the cards for them. The parents told us it was stupid since they didn't know them either. Today we are stressing higher level thinking and the kids are struggling. They need the basics to apply to these complex problems. I know that rote learning is passe, but kids do need the common core knowledge in all areas to create and apply.
08:56 AM on 12/11/2010
The education system was never designed with the right intention and so we are continually reminded of it. Yet as you say, we think it was once. We long for the day that never was.

I think it is about time we cease trying to solve this problem with the same kind of thinking that created it. We are simply perpetuating the problem, enabling it to manifest in different ways, but it is still the same problem.

Though JD Hoye was correct when he said, “we need a strong education system to build a strong workforce” this doesn’t mean that the purpose of education is economic—that the only reason to attend to the educational system is for its economic value. So we should stop training people for careers and begin educating them for life.

The value of learning is not solely for the money it affords. Learning is far more fundamental and essential to the human condition than that! We shouldn’t educate people for the sole purpose of providing labor to feed the economic system we must educate to develop human beings. Why not stop playing the game that is destroying all us? (see www.forprogressnotgrowth.com/2010/12/09/on-economics-and-education/ )
03:22 PM on 12/11/2010
Those of us out there who realize that the game is destructive need to find a way to get that message across. There is precious little REAL reflection going on in education, but I wonder if other fields can say any differently? After nearly 20 years in the classroom, I've come to the conclusion that human beings all want pretty much the same things in life, but many different paths can lead to them. Maybe it's different in other countries/cultures, but in the US hardly anyone questions the legitimacy of the idea that the primary goal of education is to keep us "competitive," whatever that means. What kids need in the 21st century is no different than what it's always been, and focusing on facts, data, and "skills" is counterproductive, if not downright harmful.
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Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
02:08 AM on 12/11/2010
It's got to be a "crisis" so the powerful businesses can claim they are willing to "turn it all around" if they are allowed to privatize education.

You are now being followed (As ominous as that sounds, it just means I'm set up for your updates, heh.)
researcher
researcher
08:04 PM on 12/10/2010
oh how nice to see a deming advocate on here.

you did not mention him but oh he was fond of your teaching methods; this nation could use some of his profound knowledge about now.

but as he predicted if we did not start to use that profound knowledge we would be in the trouble we are in now. he nailed it.

have read your work and it is indeed a paradigm shift that this nation knows little of.

hope you make some comments on pay for performance as it is going to be applied to teachers performance. the destruction to come will be great and a bit sad. same destruction as wall street and big three and banks. etc.

I see american education going the wrong way and things will get worst much worst.

you would think what did not work on wall street or the big three or the banks they would not try with education but in our ignorance we will use it in spite of the evidence.

I owe deming so much as he changed the way I view the relative phenomena world. his teachings of systems and variation is outstanding indeed profound knowledge.

as I work with pre school I see the amazing things these kids are capable of then by the fifth grade most but the top ten per cent are turned off to learning. and yet we continue with the same ignorance.
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teacher39years
Educational Reformers need to be "Reformed."
08:21 AM on 12/12/2010
"as I work with pre school I see the amazing things these kids are capable of then by the fifth grade most but the top ten per cent are turned off to learning. and yet we continue with the same ignorance."

This is so true . I remember when I taught a class of "at risk" second graders at risk for retention because their teachers ddidn't believe that they would be able to pass the standardized test. These chilchildren had no idea about what to do when they saw a word. I taught to their stengths in a systematic way and I could tell that the children had some glimmer of hope. When the Administrator brought in the Standardized "intervention books", I could see the disappointment and frustration on their faces. I asked them, "Who never plans on reading again after they finish school. Every hand in the room went up. We are killing these children and frustrating them to death.
02:33 PM on 12/12/2010
Isn't it a crime that so many of today's scripted or "cast in stone" methods do not work for every student? Why don't teachers actually figure out HOW a student learns and teach to that strength? A different path could also be more successful for the "others" that manage to blunder through the scripted ways. I can only surmise that the teachers have not actually learned alternate approaches to reading themselves and therefore do not have enough clues so as to determine the other ways of learning. Twenty years ago there was a wealth of materials aimed to different learning styles and how to teach to them. What happened to them? Did they not meet the teacher's way of learning?
My contention is that IF YOU KNOW HOW TO TEACH, YOU CAN TEACH ANYTHING YOU KNOW!
07:02 PM on 12/10/2010
What can I say, Alfie? You are right, as usual. Now why doesn't some one of your intelligence and obvious knowledge about how to teach and how kid's learn get appointed Ed. Sec.?

Instead we get stuck with Arne Duncan. I object and I refuse to do anything Duncan tells me to do in my classroom.
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Live4literacy
02:58 PM on 12/11/2010
Yes, and Michelle Rhee and Mayor Bloomberg and Bill Gates...all NOT educators. As a former educator and parent of kids in school presently, I am sickened by the this degradation of teachers and schools. NCLB is NOT working unless you call the dismantling of public education and a teach to the test culture successful. WHy can't we get educators in positions of influence?
10:38 PM on 12/11/2010
I volunteer at the local elementary school. Kids are just as smart as they ever were, teachers just as hardworking and dedicated. What is different than it was when i went to school? Kids used to have textbooks issued to them they could read them, they could use them outside class, and a lot of us did. Now they get to look at one in class. Now the teachers are told to make sure the kids pass the test, class time has become a frantic effort to teach the kids what is on the test, and to make sure they pass, When I was in school teachers had all sorts on inovative ways of interesting a kid in the subject, there were field trips, and teachers were respected, I never knew a parent of any kid in my classes that went in and told off the teacher, now I see it all the time. What is the worst is the constant effort to educate on the cheap. I live in a school district where the school levys are usually approved by the voter and it is a lot better than many other districts where people seem convinced that educating kids should be done for free.
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bessielil
trying to organize hummingbirds
05:22 PM on 12/10/2010
"These kids." When I first started teaching HS my older colleagues were constantly reminiscing about past classes. And "nowadays" kids just weren't measuring up. This continued throughout my career, decade after decade. It never felt true to me. But here's an odd little twist to the memory fest...when I started teaching college seniors during their student teaching practicums, they would come back from their observations saying, "These kids." So, four years after leaving school, my students would come back to class amazed at what "these kids were wearing, these kids were saying, these kids were doing." Not in their day. Oh, no.