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Alfie Kohn

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What We Don't Know About Our Students -- And Why We Don't Know It

Posted: 09/07/11 03:51 PM ET

There's a scene near the beginning of Small Change (also known as Pocket Money), Truffaut's übercharming movie about children of all ages, in which a teacher makes each of her students recite a passage from a Molière play -- a test of both memory and dramatic skill. The teacher is especially tough on one boy who chants the lines in a leaden monotone: She stands next to his desk and threatens (in front of his peers) to keep making him repeat the lines until his performance is to her liking. Abruptly, though, she is called away, and the moment she's gone, the boy comes to life. He stands up and begins to wander around the room while delivering the Molière monologue with remarkable power and spontaneity, revealing to his peers his considerable talents as an actor.

The point, of course, is to remind us adults how little we really know our kids and what they're capable of doing. That was a lesson I personally learned some years ago when I was teaching high school. I gave a ride one day to a 15-year-old girl, a student of mine who had no apparent interest in anything that I -- or, from what I could gather, any of my colleagues -- was teaching. Awkward and taciturn as usual that afternoon, she spoke only to ask if I would turn on the car radio, at which point she proceeded to sing along with every song that came on for the duration of the ride, displaying not only more enthusiasm than I had thought possible but also an astonishing gift for recall.

Thinking back on this incident, I'm struck not only by what she did but by how I reacted. In relating the event to my colleagues the following day, I shook my head and smiled condescendingly at how this girl, a washout in the classroom, had evidently taken the time to learn pop lyrics to perfection. I mean, talk about misplaced priorities!

Only much later did it dawn on me that this student had something to teach me -- about why her talent came as a complete surprise to me, and also about motivation and its relationship to achievement. If I (and her other teachers) had never seen her steel-trap memory in action, or witnessed the look of total absorption I glimpsed in the car that day, that was undoubtedly because we hadn't taken enough time or shown enough interest so that she felt sufficiently safe to reveal who she was and what mattered to her.

And why wasn't she engaged in the classroom? Well, people tend to become more enthusiastic and proficient when they're in charge of what they're doing. How much choice had she been given about her schooling -- not only the broad curriculum but the daily details of classroom life? Indeed, I had fallen back on grades to induce my students to do what I hadn't been able to help them find meaningful in its own right. This girl had chosen to learn those songs; no one had to promise her an A for doing so, or threaten her with an F for messing up. Her impressive achievement did not require carrots and sticks. In fact, it probably required their absence.

It was particularly disconcerting for me to realize that when the priorities of adults and kids diverge, we simply assume that ours ought to displace theirs. Stop wasting your time learning song lyrics when you could be doing important stuff -- namely, whatever's in our lesson plans: solving for x or using apostrophes correctly or reading about the Crimean War. We tell more than we ask; we direct more than we listen; we use our power to pressure or even punish students whose interests don't align with ours. This has any number of unfortunate results, including loss of both self-confidence and interest in learning. But let's not forget to number among the sad consequences the fact that many students quite understandably choose to keep the important parts of themselves hidden from us. That's a shame in its own right, and it also prevents us from being the best teachers we can be.

 

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10:54 AM on 09/11/2011
This is a brilliant observation that has always seemed so clear to me in my thirty plus years of teaching. I actually lost my last job over this issue. To me the act of teaching is finding out who your students are and what they want to know about and finding a way to connect the students and their curiosity to the subject. I guess that makes me a dreamer but I try to do it everyday. I was recently told I would not be renewed because I was too far out of the box and there was not way to get me back in. I was great at talking to students and getting into their world but I let then do (learn) anything they wanted to do in the classroom. School can be so sad and limiting.
10:50 AM on 09/08/2011
"It was particularly disconcerting for me to realize that when the priorities of adults and kids diverge, we simply assume that ours ought to displace theirs."

That should be posted in every teacher lounge across the country.

In fact, I think this attitude exists in society in general, especially in politics (how we treat accountability). Social media is making that worse IMHO.
11:59 PM on 09/07/2011
Great piece, as usual. And it reminds me of the A.S. Neill story about the boy who didn't go to classes until Neill helped him make a connection between his passion for cycling and mathematics. Too long since I read SUMMERHILL to recall the exact anecdote, but the principle is clear. If we don't care to offer students that which is important to helping them make sense of the world (THEIR world), our only real choices for getting students to do "the work" are bullying, bribing, threatening, creating feelings of guilt, and inventing various artificial, extrinsic hurdles for them.
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Joel Shatzky
09:20 PM on 09/09/2011
I try to work in a similar way with my community college composition students and those taking my short story course. The writing students' first assignment is to come up with their own "Modest Proposal" using Jonathan Swift's model of an ironic argument. In my short story class the students write their own short story. I give them the suggested models from the classic short stories in the anthology. In each case, the students exercise a certain amount of autonomy. I wouldn't pretend that it always works, but the results are quite gratifying, particularly in the short story course, where almost every time I set a deadline so their stories can be professionally printed, close to 100% of the students send it in on time. This method should, I believe, be used for students in K-12 to stimulate them to write since "everybody has a story."
04:56 PM on 09/07/2011
Mr. Kohn, I read your stuff religiously because you have answers to questions that have been building up in my head during my 7+ years of teaching. Too many of us care more about controlling children than guiding them, but your books and articles are helping me become a better teacher each year.
03:53 PM on 09/08/2011
To guide is also to "direct", is it not? And yet that's one of the things this article implies is done 'instead' of "listening". Obviously they are not mutually exclusive (nor does the article imply so), but more importantly each side must be expected to listen, and one to heed.

Listening does not always equal acceptance of the ideas to which one listens. Part of being an adult is making yourself steer someone away from following unworkable ideas in situations that would make you *really cool* if you didn't bother to do so.