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Amitai Etzioni

Amitai Etzioni

Posted: April 6, 2010 10:22 AM

Zero Has No Legs

What's Your Reaction:

President Obama's strategy to protect us from the danger of nuclear war and nuclear terrorism is about to be tested. The precept that good deeds (and fabulous speeches) beget good deeds will face reality at two major international conferences: Obama's Nuclear Security Summit in mid April and the Review Conference of the Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty in May.

Obama proffered an attractive vision of a world without nuclear weapons, and a theory--that if Russia and the U.S. reduce their stockpiles, other nations will be inspired either to give up their nuclear arms or refrain from acquiring them. That is the best kind of leadership--setting a good example, serving as a role model, changing the atmosphere.

Well the United States and Russia just did agree to cut their nuclear arsenals by 30%, according to provisions in the new START treaty, which Obama will sign in April. Here is where the effects of this agreement will be tested:

  1. Will North Korea now agree to scale back its military nuclear program?
  2. Will Iran agree to live up to its international obligations and allow proper IAEA inspections of its nuclear facilities?
  3. Will Pakistan and India scale back their military nuclear programs?
  4. Will terrorists have less access to the roughly 10,000 tactical (small) nuclear bombs Russia has, which are not covered by the new treaty?
  5. Will the NPT be revised, especially to close the clause that allows nations to quit the treaty--and take with them their dual-use faculties--and legally make bombs?

I predict (and it takes very little foresight to make this prediction) that the American and Russian moves toward zero will have no discernible effect on any of these burning issues. The President will have to employ other means to foster the nations involved to make progress in the required directions.

I am not against inspiring the people of the world and their leaders. However, it seems quite evident that the U.S., its allies, and other responsible powers must add strong incentives for nations to deproliferate and strong disincentives for those who do not. Much stronger sanctions, fuller enforcement of the ban against shipping nuclear material from one nation to another, diplomatic pressure on India and Pakistan to settle their differences (rather than providing either with nuclear assets and know-how), and at least leaving military options on the table are all called for.

Nuclear arms are the greatest threat to our security, that of our allies, and to world peace. It is time to treat them accordingly.


Amitai Etzioni is a University Professor at The George Washington University and the author of Security First (Yale 2007). He can be reached at icps@gwu.edu. To learn more about Dr. Etzioni's policy positions, you can follow him on twitter: @amitaietzioni.

 
 
 
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Wozzeck
Pearl Bay, Australia
11:58 PM on 04/06/2010
You left out several questions:

1. Will Iran be permitted to have enrich uranium for nuclear power and medical isotopes as required by the NNPT?

2. Will Israel sign the NNPT?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Nosybear
Liar, damned liar and statistician
08:39 PM on 04/06/2010
Russia is not our problem. Given that a nuclear warhead can pretty much take out a city of 100,000, we have to ask ourselves how many such cities are there in, say, North Korea? Iran? We are not facing nation-states with enough warheads to take out every city in the US down to a population of around 25,000, we are facing rogue states with the capacity to build a nuke or two and with no suitable delivery system. China is not our problem, nor is India, Pakistan, Great Britain, France, Israel or any other declared nuclear states. We still have thousands of warheads. Why? Why do we maintain such firepower? Is it some Redneck drive to be the biggest, to compare nuclear war to a wrasslin' match where the good guy never attacks first but always wins? No one wins a nuclear war, no one wants to fight an all-out nuclear war and for deterrence against rogue states, some small number of warheads would do. Zero is an ideal, one we will never again achieve but it's nice to know we have ideals.
07:48 PM on 04/06/2010
"I predict (and it takes very little foresight to make this prediction) that the American and Russian moves toward zero will have no discernible effect on any of these burning issues."
----------------

Their move towards zero is a very very far road to zero. Even after both countries meet the (new) treaty requirements, each will still have many more nuclear weapons that the rest of the world combined. So please do not pass the buck to the rest of the world. Each country, like the former Soviet states will realize that maintaining nuclear weapons is an expensive proposition, yeilding no useful purpose.

America and Russia are still the worlds largest exporters of weapons.
ThePeacemakers
Concerned Citizen
06:59 PM on 04/06/2010
There wouldn't be such a rush to get them if every decade the US didn't invade or occupy a country that did NOT have any.

Every decade since 1950 !!!!
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Nosybear
Liar, damned liar and statistician
08:40 PM on 04/06/2010
Exactly. The drive for countries like Iran and North Korea to develop nuclear weapons is due to US aggression. When your enemy is the biggest bully on the playground, it's easy to understand why you take a gun to school.
02:29 PM on 04/06/2010
You miss the point behind the US and Russia reducing their arsenals. Under the Non-Proliferation Treaty, they were supposed to radically reduce their stockpiles and never did so. By engaging in a 30% cut (and actually is far less than that if one includes tactical and reserve warheads), the two nations establish the moral authority to pressure other nations. This helps in creating broad fronts to impose sanctions against Iran, N Korea etc.

Besides despite the end of the Cold War, the single greatest threat to humanity has remained the accidental launch by either the US or Russia followed by counterforce launches.
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06:08 PM on 04/06/2010
"the two nations establish the moral authority to pressure other nations…"

What does that even mean? Assuming the U.S. and Russia actually both follow through on the new treaty, when we pressure NKorea and others, do you actually believe they'll be more inclined to give up their nukes because we diminished the number of ours?
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MegWe
06:38 PM on 04/06/2010
International pressure sir.
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Nosybear
Liar, damned liar and statistician
08:42 PM on 04/06/2010
How many do we need? And don't you imagine they know that if an American city ever goes up due to terrorism, we won't retaliate?