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Whether because of overfishing, housing developments sprawling through farmland, or simply the closing of a beloved local restaurant, we've all had the experience of seeing a favorite food disappear. We've all felt the pang of realizing that what was lost wasn't just of a flavor, but also of something unique in a land too often filled with interchangeable franchises and "extreme" food like the KFC Double Down. When a food disappears, we don't just lose a flavor; we lose a rounded experience, one that helps to make a place unique, worth protecting and worth caring about.

Mark Twain understood both food and loss. While traveling across Europe in 1879, he wrote a fantasy menu of all his favorite American dishes--some eighty in all--many of which have now vanished from the country's tables. In Twain's Feast: Searching for America's Lost Foods in the Footsteps of Samuel Clemens, I tracked down a number of these American classics, discovering what Twain's experience of them was, what's become of them today, and what's being done to bring them back.

Along the way, I came to understand that celebrating and protecting America's wonderful culinary heritage begins with remembering the things that people like Twain once took for granted, and are now gone. It continues with appreciating and preserving the things we still have, and working to restore some of those that might seem to have been lost forever.

In today's post, I'll list foods that Twain loved that have since vanished--either though extinction, then at least from our tables due to habitat loss, over-hunting, or simply cultural change. Tomorrow, I'll list more that we still have. And on the third day, we'll look at foods worth restoring, whether in America's wild lands and waters or in the comfort of our own kitchens.

Prairie-Chickens
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During Twain’s childhood, these large, beautiful grouse were only hunted and eaten close to native tallgrass prairie. The beginnings of corn agriculture on the prairie provided waste grain for the birds, allowing their numbers to explode to perhaps 12 million in Illinois alone. Soon they were being hunted by the hundreds of thousands, and shipped east to be eaten in some of New York’s best restaurants.

Still, it wasn’t hunting that caused the near-total disappearance of prairie-chickens from American tables, but rather habitat loss (ironic, considering that the initial plowing to grow corn had made them so numerous in the first place). Habitat loss, in fact, is easily responsible for as much loss of terrestrial wildlife as is more visible and dramatic hunting; certainly the disappearance of tallgrass prairie doomed Twain’s beloved prairie-chickens across much of their former range.

(Photo from Flickr: uberculture)
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Whether because of overfishing, housing developments sprawling through farmland, or simply the closing of a beloved local restaurant, we've all had the experience of seeing a favorite food disappear. ...
Whether because of overfishing, housing developments sprawling through farmland, or simply the closing of a beloved local restaurant, we've all had the experience of seeing a favorite food disappear. ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Manly Pointer
09:28 AM on 09/26/2010
This is a pretty sad article. But whenever I read such things I always think, one day, maybe 100 years from now, maybe tomorrow, us humans will eventually be wiped out and Nature will take it all back again.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PengieP
12:03 PM on 09/24/2010
A lot of the blame for the end of the Passenger Pigeon was the logging of Northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan which destroyed much of their nesting areas.
01:20 PM on 09/23/2010
The Yaquina Bay oyster (Newport, OR) was harvested to extinction back in the early 20th century... a terrible shame as it was, by all accounts, the tastiest oyster in the world... once shipped directly to the finest restaurants in New York and Paris.

Sadder yet is the near extinction of oysters and blue crabs from the Chesapeake Bay, in my lifetime. The bay once was the most productive estuary in America.
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getsit
good morning, I'm here
07:41 PM on 09/22/2010
The passenger pigeon's disappearance is a lesson we need to learn. They were so fragile a population that they needed great numbers to reproduce themselves. When the numbers dwindled they disappeared quickly. We almost lost the buffalo the same way.

Today, I worry about our fisheries. Tuna might be in great numbers, but if the population dwindles will it just disappear like the passenger pigeon? Other fish as well, like the huge groupers that live as long as we do.

We don't appreciate what we have. To preserve our earth would take a little effort but is so worth it.
07:00 PM on 09/22/2010
Very interesting article.

Fanned!
06:46 PM on 09/22/2010
I haven't seen a Long Island Potato in decades. I remember they were quite tasty baked, with really thick skins. All of the potato farms on eastern LI have since become either vineyards or housing developments.
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planetjeffy
On the other hand, you have different fingers.
06:35 PM on 09/22/2010
Sure we've lost those but did he have french fries and ketchup
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StraferX
The Lord is my Shepherd
06:32 PM on 09/22/2010
This is one of the saddest stories i have seen on here in a while. So many things dissapear yet no one really cares. Lets dumps some more oil into the sea and may be we can have a black ocean with no living creatures.. oh the joy. We all b10t ch but no one does any thing to make it stop. I will in november I will vote this corruption out and hope for some term limits and accountability.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
afterallthat
05:36 PM on 09/22/2010
Depressing as this is, it's the tip of the iceberg and we all know it. It's fun to reminisce, however.
05:19 PM on 09/22/2010
We are extremely fortunate in the Pacific Northwest in that legislatures, native American nations, and sports hunters and fisherman, and commercial harvesters are increasingly striving to protect and enlarge our clean native habitats for such delicacies as Willapah Bay oysters, dungeness Crab, gooey duck, many species of salmon and sturgeon, and many wildlife secies, including wild fowl. We enjoy watching, photographing, fishing and hunting for and eating our renewable and beloved culinary resources. And no, I am not a vegeratian; I love oysters from the Pacific Coast.
03:31 PM on 09/22/2010
Sure we've lost some foods...but we've gained some too. For example: Soylent Green is very tasty.
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iconoclast6
This is my BOOM stick!
05:57 PM on 09/22/2010
"You've got to tell them! It's....PEOPLE!!!!"
06:30 PM on 09/22/2010
eh.....we got extra people. Pass me some fried arm bone that's good eats!
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getsit
good morning, I'm here
07:45 PM on 09/22/2010
You never know! Maybe Sweeney Todd had it right. It's called population control. If we keep it up we will be lost but the earth will survive and replenish eventually with some sort of organisms.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
03:19 PM on 09/22/2010
Look on the bright side. With all the genetically modified ingredients and mad scientist processing, todays fast food will last forever, or at least longer than we will.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
WarriorLemming
Willard Romney, "runs-with-scissors".
05:26 PM on 09/22/2010
Didn't someone save a burger from McD's for 10-20 years and it looked the same as a fresh, just-bought one? I seem to remember seeing the photo somewhere online so what you say has some truth to it. Disturbing.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
afterallthat
05:37 PM on 09/22/2010
I think it was a hot dog from Der Wienerschnitzel, a chain restaurant during the '60s-'70s.
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StraferX
The Lord is my Shepherd
06:28 PM on 09/22/2010
It will stay in your impacted colon for generations. When the aliens come back and unearth our bones they will only find little piles of modified chemicals waste deposits.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
garder54
02:19 PM on 09/22/2010
What a shame. So depressing...
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
03:41 PM on 09/22/2010
Makes me want to binge eat.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
HawaiianLady
My name means Gift of God.
02:12 PM on 09/22/2010
The one thing I can't find any more is a chocolate ice cream soda, so I make them at home. A little milk, a substantial amount of chocolate syrup, a lot of club soda and a huge scoop of vanilla ice cream and I'm set. Um.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
floodberg
Attorney (ret.)
03:17 PM on 09/22/2010
HawaiianLady, that sounds like the club soda/chocolate syrup 'Philadelphia Egg Cream' in which I sometimes indulge!
11:54 AM on 09/30/2010
What's a Philadelphia Egg Cream?


The REAL Egg Cream was invented at Dave's Luncheonette (Unfortunately now defunct) on Canal Street in NYC!
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NevadaLib
weapons not food, not homes, not shoes, not need,
01:16 PM on 09/22/2010
Lake Tahoe is the absolute greatest lake of all time.
03:18 PM on 09/22/2010
Maybe, but it's not nearly as great as it used to be.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tulsey
I was Bill Hicks.
03:28 PM on 09/22/2010
Neither am I, how about you?
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Computer Geek
Logician Atheist Lefty
06:46 PM on 09/22/2010
I remember going there with my folks around 1960 when they had donkey rides and go-karts somewhere around Stateline. You used to be able to go to the beach and walk forever out into the lake without it getting above your head. Can you even get to the lake anymore? There weren't near as many cars or people in those days. It was like a mini-vacation even though we'd only go up for the weekends. I live in the Midwest these days, but you can't ever completely take the California out of me...
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NevadaLib
weapons not food, not homes, not shoes, not need,
12:36 AM on 09/23/2010
You can walk out a great deal. The water is still crystal clear, too. Even with the tourism garbage. The area is nice, but a home anywhere near it is absolutely unaffordable. Cheapest place 25 miles from the lake is probably a cool million.