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Ann Pettifor

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Greece as Whipping Boy for 'Troika' Bullies

Posted: 09/23/11 11:40 AM ET

As mayhem breaks out on stock markets; as Eurozone banks freeze up; and as the global financial system approaches a frightening 'danger zone,' the champions of the globalised 'free market' and of the Euro are in search of a scapegoat.

Instead of accepting that it is the broken banking system; the de-regulated financial Eurozone, and the deflationary monetarist policies of the Maastricht Treaty that are the roots of the crisis, the Troika (the IMF/EU/ECB) want to identify a convenient whipping boy.

Instead of going after the real culprits -- un-regulated bankers that lent recklessly, confident they would always be bailed out by taxpayers -- the approach of the Troika is to scapegoat Greece. The implication is that the whole fabric of the Euro, and with it the global economy, is torn apart because one poor country, Greece, will not enforce ever-deeper austerity on her people.

Let's get this straight. The Greek economy -- and with it the Euro -- is disintegrating because Greek politicians are implementing austerity, not because they are failing to.

As one of the poorest of the Eurozone economies, Greece was always the most vulnerable to the global financial crisis. The 'Troika' can build a credible case that Greece's politicians should not have borrowed from the private bankers of Europe, and therefore Greeks share responsibility for the debt.

But Greece was only able to borrow because, with the help of Goldman Sachs, she was welcomed by Europe's bankers and leaders into the pre-existing de-regulated, financial framework that is the Eurozone. A monetary union designed above all to promote, protect and subsidise the interests of money-lenders and speculators in the private bank-debt and sovereign debt markets.

Greece's entry into the Eurozone was of course a mistake. But the idea that Greece has misbehaved to an extent that deems her responsible for destroying the European and global financial fabric is, frankly, absurd.

The fact is Greece and Greece's debt is a symptom of the crisis, not the cause.

That is why the spectacle of the IMF's representative Bob Traa hectoring Greeks this week was both hypocritical and spurious.

All unbiased persons of common sense recognise that more austerity -- more unemployment, poverty, suicides, family breakdown, civil unrest -- will crush Greece. It does not require a PhD from Harvard to work that out. Last year Greece's GDP declined by 4.4%, according to the IMF. So far this year GDP has plunged by a further 7.3%, according to official statistics.

That is why the IMF's call for "a reinvigoration of structural reforms" is so profoundly irrational and self-serving.

Who believes that declining economic activity in Greece can save both her economy, the bankrupt European banking system and the Euro?

No sane person can believe that sacking 100,000 civil servants in a single year, increasing taxes on fuel, lowering the tax threshold so that the poorest Greeks pay for this crisis, cutting back on wages and old peoples' pensions -- will a) repay debts b) re-capitalise banks and c) lead to economic recovery.

Instead, these policies will trigger wider social unrest and the inevitable default -- sooner rather than later. And a Greek default, accompanied by social upheaval will be contagious, making things much, much worse for Europe as a whole.

So stop whipping Greece.

As we at PRIME have repeatedly pointed out, austerity policies pose a grave threat to a global financial system over-burdened by the debts generated by an out-of-control banking system.

The Troika seem unable to acknowledge that austerity is the wrong remedy for another crisis; the crisis of a bankrupt banking system broken on the back of de-regulated finance.

To address that crisis, the Troika must manage the write-down and write-off of unpayable private and sovereign debts in an orderly manner. This they refuse to do.

Instead their approach is that the private banking system must be protected from losses (and the discipline of the market) -- at all costs.

By this approach they are failing the people of Europe, as well as Greece: throwing good money after bad.

It is the failure of the Troika to extend their focus beyond the narrow interests of the private, wealthy banking elite of Europe -- and towards the interests of all Europeans -- that is causing economic failure.

Above all it is the failure of the Troika to promote policies in Europe that would create and increase employment -- in Greece and throughout the Eurozone.

For employment is the only way to raise the income (and tax revenues) needed to repay debts; and to restore the economy and the public finances (of Greece and other countries) to health.

Because the IMF, EU politicians and ECB bankers cannot accept or implement these self-evident remedies, the people of Greece are well advised to go it alone; to default and escape the clutches of politicians and officials determined to strangle all possibility of economic recovery.

Others have gone before -- and recovered: Russia in 1998; Argentina in 2001 and Iceland in 2008 -- after the biggest banking collapse in economic history.

Greece has only her austerity chains to lose.

 

Follow Ann Pettifor on Twitter: www.twitter.com/AnnPettifor

As mayhem breaks out on stock markets; as Eurozone banks freeze up; and as the global financial system approaches a frightening 'danger zone,' the champions of the globalised 'free market' and of the ...
As mayhem breaks out on stock markets; as Eurozone banks freeze up; and as the global financial system approaches a frightening 'danger zone,' the champions of the globalised 'free market' and of the ...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DanAsta
09:56 AM on 10/11/2011
Pettifor's is a decent article, but one should realize that Goldman's deal with Greece was announced in the trades and known by everyone. Eurostat even complained about such deals because Greece wasn't the only country to do them. Lots did. Such as Italy. Germany did a similar deal that was 50x bigger than Greece's. A year later the debt was counted officially by Eurostat. This was not a surprise.

As well, though the deal shaved 1% from Greece's 4% deficit, thereby allowing it under the 3% Euro threshold, we should all remember that 1 1/2 years after being admitted, the threshold was totally lifted when Germany and France blew through it and racked up deficits of 7%. So Greece would have gotten into the eurozone a year and a half later regardless.

I don't disagree that going into the eurozone was a big mistake for Greece. Their standard of living was higher in the 1990s than it is now. And for all the reasons Pettifor mentions (the inherent instability of a currency designed for the benefit of bankers [i.e. the ECB is even forbidden from buying sovereign debt in secondary markets but it CAN mess around with private institutions, buying theirs]), the game is rigged against countries that don't have the export surplus and prductive capacity of the eurozone leaders. Every country can't be a net exporter, after all, which is why you need sensible monetary policy.
11:50 AM on 10/05/2011
Looks like there's a disproportionate percentage of 'insane' people among governing politicians and grand financiers, because they either fail to see the obvious (i.e. if you strangle a person, or a whole country, or their economy, unsurprisingly, death will be the inevitable outcome), or they fail to see that be feigning shortsightedness they're pulling the rug from under everyone's feet - including their own.

Good to read sane analyses like the one in this article by Ann Pettifor. I wish the Huffington Post allowed us to post images; there are several scathing cartoons and collages circulating on the internet.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Chris Close
Wisdom never goes out of style
05:14 PM on 09/25/2011
"Instead of going after the real culprits -- un-regulated bankers that lent recklessly" Yep.. no responsibility for the Greeks living in a society that is fiscally unsustainable unless they are lent more and more money from the Germans. Sometimes when you are the whipping boy you deserve it.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DanAsta
09:50 AM on 10/11/2011
You're being fooled.

1. Total amount loaned so far to Greece: 55 billion
2. Total amount Greece has paid in interest to German taxpayers so far: 1 billion
3. Total amount German taxpayers have given to a Greek loan so far: 14 billion
4. Total amount of Greek debt held by German banks at the outset of the crisis: 55 billion
5. Total amount now held as of May 2011: 14 billion
6. Total amount German taxpayers lose if Greece defaults by 50%: 7 billion

Quick math: German taxpayer losses of 7 billion - 1 billion in interest earned = 6 billion in losses. Meanwhile, German banks have been recapitalized on Greek debt by 41 billion, courtesy of the IMF, EU taxpayers (mainly from eurozone countries that do NOT hold significant amounts of EU debt) and especially the ECB.

This is not about bailing out Greece. It's about recapitalizing the banks. Greece is a good scapegoat and distraction so that Austrian, Finnish, Slovakian taxpayers don't become incensed that they are recapitalizing German and French banks. But many people are fooled by what's going on--so I don't blame you.
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Aikaterina
A Greek-American living in California
12:03 PM on 09/25/2011
Finally, someone is willing to put the blame on the bankers and corrupt politicians, rather than the people of Greece!

Goldman-Sachs, US government officials (including Fed Chairmen Greenspan-Bernake), and a host of German-French banks negotiated deals to give Greece money, each of them making hefty fees, commissions, charging high interest rates, which compelled Greece to surrender future revenues from their national lottery and airport fees, among other sources of revenue. They deliberately made these arrangements, to circumvent EU debt-to-income (GDP) laws with the blessings of the French, German, British and US governments.

The truly scandalous story with respect to Goldman Sachs and Greece — that the bank may have been speculating heavily in the Greek debt markets at the same time it was trying to help the country hide its debt. There are concerns about speculative activity in the Greek debt markets and said that the SEC was investigating, particularly with regard to Goldman’s role in betting against securities that it had helped create. This is akin to what the mortgage-backed securities, Credit-Default-Swaps did to investors here in the US.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jerry Bourbon
03:01 PM on 09/27/2011
It is certainly not the fault of the people of Greece that they refuse to pay their taxes, allow public employees to retire 15 years earlier than they do in Germany, and tolerate a cartelization of their economy that absolutly destroys any potential for growth.

Nope, it is not their fault at all! Better, by far, to just insist that the Germans raise German taxes and retirement ages a bit more, and send the money saved so the Greeks can continue to live the good life.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DanAsta
09:59 AM on 10/11/2011
Jerry your facts are twisted. According to the OECD, the average Greek retires AFTER Germans. Citing the age that some officials retire is anecdotal and disinformation. Cops in the USA retire early too. So what? Greece has a tax evasion problem but you're confusing high tax evasion of very high taxes with low tax evasion of very low taxes. Greece collects 40-45% of its GDP in tax revenue, much higher than the USA's historical 20% and current 15%. In other words, though it has twice as many tax evaders percentage wise, those who do pay taxes in Greece pay a lot more than in the USA. Look up Greece's tax revenue numbers relative to GDP in Eurostat. Heck, their VAT is 23%.
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Merseysidefella
I read the news today oh, boy
10:12 AM on 09/25/2011
Mrs. Pettifor, how about starting a world-wide Anti Financial Speculation Party?
They would be the new Greens - everyone would vote for them.
Cheers -- thanks for the insightful article!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
redscarecrow
Left-wing knowitall
05:27 PM on 09/24/2011
To save the house of cards Greece will get more German taxpayer money to pay off the run-amok banks. Instead why not just pay taxes directly to the banks and save ourselves all this unemployment and austerity pain? Why do I feel increasingly like the sharecropper who gets paid less and less but owes more and more?
12:56 AM on 09/25/2011
This is the position the elected representatives have put you in.
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oneyippie
Leaning far to your left
12:37 PM on 09/24/2011
The funny thing is that this whole story could be about the US, as well as Europe. The same policies of deregulation have crippled the US financial system. Republicans want to starve the federal gov't of taxes, bleed the poor and middle classes, let even more people get laid off as foreign workers take their jobs. In essence, less money for everyone except the rich is supposed to solve America's financial crisis. But it ain't gonna happen.

We're in a downward spiral and the only way to stop it is to reverse the policies of the Bush and Clinton admins that allowed so called "free trade" to strip Americans of their jobs and their prosperity.

America is going the way of Greece, and nothing short of a major shift in wealth and 20,000,000 million new jobs is going to fix!
10:47 AM on 09/24/2011
Krugman yesterday referred to a chart of the Real Problem - Greece and the small euro-zone countries were not profligate, deep in debt, poorly run - they were victims of a huge influx of capital from the rest of the zone and outside when they became euro countries - the global collapse and the abrupt cessation of capital flowing into Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, Italy cause them to falter - austerity was not the cure - they were already living frugally -
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OzzieTonto
“Hatred, the only thing that lasts.”
10:11 AM on 09/24/2011
I have been waiting for someone to stand up for the Greeks, who now are paying for Goldman’s and Morgan Stanleys' criminal rip-off profits. Thank you Ms P.

It is well-documented, by Matt Taibbi and others, how for 10 years these shonks gathered the fool Greek Treasury people into their snare: many more seasoned players have been similarly caught. So few bizoid journos have a clue of the crimes committed against Greece.
09:57 AM on 09/24/2011
How can Greece ever right itself when it has to pay approx. 20% interest on its debt? And why aren't the wealthy paying taxes there? Yes, austerity for the middle class and poor is not the answer, it is just a downward cycle. But I believe the real worry by the financial class is that no body really knows how many derivitives are out there and what will happen then if Greece defaults. This does not look good.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
redscarecrow
Left-wing knowitall
05:30 PM on 09/24/2011
Yes. I smell the dead fish odor of massive currency speculation.
12:58 AM on 09/25/2011
You've got it backwards. Their debt is 20% precisely because nobody believes they will pay it back.
07:08 PM on 09/25/2011
Unbelievable how some dont understand the basics of the markets. With the Libs it is always about the victims. The fact that Greece ran itself into the ground by overspending and under taxing is of no relevance to these people
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raphaelbonee
The snake was right "the gods lie"
09:52 AM on 09/24/2011
"The fact is Greece and Greece's debt is a symptom of the crisis, not the cause. "

Well said. I personally am waiting for that first european country to declare it will raise import taxes to put it's own people back to work and opt out of this global freetrade tripe we've been fed.

Understand it is this idea of global freetrade that central bankers want to save. It is the idea that governments can regulate employment in a country by increasing or decreasing import duties thereby increasing or decreasing demand, that they want to squash. They want monetary policy alone to determine the ebbs and flows of social order in a country.

And thus they take "the" right answer, increasing or decreasing import duties, off the table and inflict pain and suffering on generations of people in the name of freetrade.
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muysuave41
Spanish Olive Oil Producer
08:47 AM on 09/24/2011
The euro has been designed for the elite bankers and for the elite in general. What needs to happen is the banks in Europe and the USA need to restructure separating banking from gambling. Until that happens we will all muddle through.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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Romeover
Civilization is for weaklings.
09:03 AM on 09/24/2011
Exactly. F&F

To carry it a bit further: we in the United States need to stop falsely acclaiming "risk taking" (ie, gambling) as the prime driver of our economy.
12:59 AM on 09/25/2011
It's the only driver.
05:29 AM on 09/24/2011
One more thing: as a Greek citizen I am appalled when I read about the absolutely terrible measures taken against the German working class in the past decade, such as the freezing of their salaries.
The German working class has been getting screwed so that the German government and banks can create their so-called financial miracle, which could become a complete meltdown soon.
So now Greeks and other peripheral EU countries are being slandered to the German public and ethnicity becomes somehow an argument with racist imagery at the foreront: southerners hanging out at the beach while northerners work hard in the snow.

People, it's got NOTHING to do with ethnicity. It's all about the capital sticking its boot in the proletariat's mouth. Wherever you are, whicever country you live in, if you're a working class person paying the bills of banks and their corrupt government friends, you are a Greek right now.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DanAsta
11:51 PM on 09/23/2011
This has all been a distraction. Not many have mentioned that the loans to Greece have come from ALL eurozone countries. Why is Greece being forced to adjust by 16% (which is unheard of)? Because it presents a convenient distraction. German and French banks are being recapitalized by OTHERS in the eurozone. While everyone seems to note that Germany is transferring its taxpayer's money to Greece and others, the reality is that the eurozone is transferring money to German and French banks, on the sly. It's easy to prove. German and French banks held $80 billion in Greek debt at the beginning of the crisis. They are down to $20 billion now. Meanwhile, Greece has received 5 tranches from the first bailout, about $80 billion. Coupled with the interest Greece is paying on those loans at 6%, we see European banks being recapitalized (these are mainly German and French banks). There is absolutely NO WAY that Germany and France have combined for $60 billion of the $80 billion Greece has received in loans. At most, they've given 60% of the $80 billion, around $45 billion.

Germany and France took in at least $15 billion for their banks from peripheral members, another $6 billion in interest payments from Greece. Assuming a 40% Greek default, Germany and France will be out $18 billion (and they'll probably sell 5% of the loss to vulture funds). Altogether, Germany and France come out ahead with $18 billion lost, $20 billion gained, their banks recapitalized.
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
12:09 AM on 09/24/2011
Interesting numbers, interesting comment.
11:44 PM on 09/23/2011
This article is juts plain wrong and misleading.

The Greek national railways pay more in salaries than their total income
Really the banks fault?

Why is paying your own way now suddenly called "austerity"? Bizarre. So when we expect a country to keep its deficit to less than 3% of GDP suddenly we have to label this austerity - what bunkum
05:14 AM on 09/24/2011
Please provide evidence on your claim on Greek railways sector pay rate.

Below is a list of all the countries in the Eurozone that violated deficit limit. They include -apart from Greece- Germany, France and Italy.
You are missing the point on the Eurozone crisis: it wasn't the Greek public sector that caused the crisis, which is indeed bloated; it was that the eurozone was designed so that the least financially strong nations would keep borrowing and buying amock from the richer nations/Germany, which created huge surpluses in the meantime. No need to put "austerity" in quotes. Unemployment is extremely high -40$ among young people- and pensioners and the poor are footing the bill.

Here's the list from: http://www.businessinsider.com/eurozone-deficits-2010-2010-2011-4
"The rule breakers in 2010:
Ireland: 32.4% deficit as a percent of GDP
Greece: 10.5% deficit as percent of GDP
Spain: 9.2% deficit as percent of GDP
Portugal: 9.1% deficit as percent of GDP
Slovakia: 7.9% deficit as percent of GDP
France: 7.0% deficit as percent of GDP
Slovenia: 5.6% deficit as percent of GDP
Netherlands: 5.4% deficit as percent of GDP
Cyprus: 5.3% deficit as percent of GDP
Austria: 4.6% deficit as percent of GDP
Italy: 4.6% deficit as percent of GDP
Belgium: 4.1% deficit as percent of GDP
Malta: 3.6% deficit as percent of GDP
Germany 3.3% deficit as percent of GDP"
08:59 AM on 09/24/2011
"In just the past decade the wage bill of the Greek public sector has doubled, in real terms—and that number doesn’t take into account the bribes collected by public officials. The average government job pays almost three times the average private-sector job. The national railroad has annual revenues of 100 million euros against an annual wage bill of 400 million, plus 300 million euros in other expenses. The average state railroad employee earns 65,000 euros a year."

From "Vanity Fair", by Michael Lewis,
http://www.vanityfair.com/business/features/2010/10/greeks-bearing-bonds-201010?currentPage=2
05:22 AM on 09/24/2011
Also, speaking of the deficit, there is an ongoing big public controversy here in Greece, which could very well make it to the courts, in which a higher-up in the statistical service of Greece -the department that handled the deficit calculations at the start of the crisis- claims that the deficit numbers were inflated so that austerity measures would be sold more easily on the public by our corrupt government.
http://greece.greekreporter.com/2011/09/21/statistician-says-greece-played-numbers-game-inflated-deficit/

The head of the department is a personal friend of Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou.
Are Greek people to blame for all this?