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Ari Melber

Ari Melber

Posted: August 22, 2007 03:31 PM

Edwards Reengages in Search of a Doctrine


The September issue of Foreign Affairs hits newsstands today, featuring a 5,700-word article with John Edwards' most detailed foreign policy vision to date, under the internationalist headline "Reengaging With the World."

Of all the prominent presidential candidates, Edwards has staked out the most comprehensive challenge to the Bush Doctrine of the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Top Republicans have promised to continue most of Bush's foreign policies -- or "double" them, as Mitt Romney pledged for Gitmo -- while leading Democrats have largely operated within Bush's framework. Democrats tend to criticize the Iraq war's execution while crediting GWOT for improving national security (Clinton); or to oppose the war while endorsing variations of preemption (Obama); or to call for multilateral diplomacy while supporting unilateral plans to partition Iraq along sectarian lines (Biden). Only Edwards completely rejected the failed GWOT framework, which has anchored U.S. policy for six years, and fully confronted the Bush administration's reckless exploitation of terrorism for domestic political aims -- an important critique that has been unthinkable for Obama and Clinton because of their bipartisan instincts. This record makes Edwards' new article more relevant than the typical campaign white paper, and though his provocative criticisms are enumerated in detail, some of the proposed alternatives are wanting.

Edwards advocates American power guided by "moral leadership," deployed in concert with a reengaged set of allies, and bolstered with new assistance for the developing world on par with the Marshall Plan. "We need to place 'smart power' at the center of our national security policy," he writes, picking up on Suzanne Nossel's essay in the same journal three years ago. To Edwards, smart power begins by weighing the externalities of hard power that the administration has ignored. Thus, even setting aside moral and constitutional concerns, Gitmo is a counterproductive exercise in hard power, Edwards concludes, because it created the "recruitment poster al Qaeda wanted." Endorsing the arguments of Richard Holbrooke and Anthony Zinni, Edwards laments that approaching the fight against today's terrorists and tomorrow's extremists in strictly hard power terms, as a global war, has actually minimized "the challenge we face by suggesting that the fight against Islamist extremism can be won on the battlefield alone."

Instead, a smart power approach means taking proactive action to "stabilize weak and failed states" before they become terrorist havens; spending more on development, humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and "universal primary education" (with a sixfold budget boost for schools in "countries with a history of violent extremism"); creating a new cabinet-level position to direct global development policies; and, in a thorny but intriguing proposal, altering the typical force structure of our foreign operations by establishing a new, non-military corps of civilian reserves. These 10,000 "civilian experts" could deploy for humanitarian and reconstruction missions, which would otherwise be staffed by soldiers, potentially reducing both mission creep for the Defense Department and our military footprint in volatile areas.

The most significant shortcoming in Edwards' article is that he does not say precisely when he would use force as president. The emphasis on "smart power" is a welcome acknowledgment that the administration's crabbed vision of American power has made our country less safe, just as its myopic devaluation of traditional diplomacy has diminished our leverage in foreign affairs. But Edwards does not provide a metric, let alone a doctrine, for when to use military force. Instead, he issues a sweeping promise, more fit for a campaign ad than a policy journal:

As commander in chief, I will never hesitate to apply the full extent of our security apparatus to protect our vital interest, take measures to root out terrorist cells, and strike swiftly and forcefully against those who seek to harm us.

This is actually less specific than Bush, who definitively lowered the threshold for the threat required to legitimize force, via the preemption doctrine, and announced an unrealistically long list of enemies that must be destroyed before the long war ever ends -- literally "every terrorist group of global reach," as he told Congress in 2001. (To be fair, it's not a clean comparison. Bush's metrics are from presidential pronouncements, while candidate Bush vaguely promised a "humble" approach to foreign affairs.) Yet if Edwards' smart power plan raises the threshold for using force, he doesn't directly say so, nor does he explain exactly how he will determine which "vital interests" are worth fighting to protect.


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This post is adapted from a longer column for Democracy Arsenal. Ari Melber is a regular contributor to The Nation magazine.

Follow Ari Melber on Twitter: www.twitter.com/AriMelber

 
 
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08:02 PM on 08/23/2007
The more the corporate media tells us Edwards doesn't have a chance in conjecture with the more I hear Edwards' positions, it becomes more and more clear that he is THE choice for the Democratic Party nomination.
He can win in the south, he is trying to bring both poverty and the shrinking middle class to the national debate, he is make some very sound foreign policy statements and surrounding himself with the right people, and he's charismatic.

I've been keeping my eyes on Edwards, Obama, and Bill Richardson, and while all three seem like great choices, Edwards FEELS like the RIGHT choice.
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Think82
05:25 AM on 08/24/2007
Why not Biden? Maybe when you stop FEELING and start LEARNING about the FACTS of the issues, Biden will stand out more. I'd recommend his Charlie Rose interview if you are not familiar with him. You can get it on Charlie Rose's website. Charlie even posted the interview to the huffington post on his own initiative, which should tell you something.
01:13 AM on 08/23/2007
I'm impressed with Edwards' foreign policy. Sinnce he also has the best domestic agenda, thaat makes him easily our best choice. And it is clear that he will best any Republican. So the one question is: can he beat usual the machine politics aand get the Democratic nomination?
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NABNYC
07:52 PM on 08/22/2007
When did the sole criteria for national political position become whether someone is willing to nuke another country? Isn't just asking the question the same as accepting the neocon world view, the PNAC goal that the U.S. look at the rest of the world as our enemies, and spend all our money trying to conquer them.

When did the lives of American citizens fall to the bottom of the list of national priorities? All the Halliburton management have millions of dollars stuffed away for themselves because this nation's resources have been dedicated solely to waging wars against others. At the same time, everything for us, the people, has been ignored, and our lives continue to get worse.

Let's change the premise and the discussion. Let's ask first what these politicians will do to the "failed states" of Oakland, Detroit and New Orleans, ask what the commitment will be to provide better schools, good jobs, decent housing and safe neighborhoods, and health care for our own people.

Bring the troops home. Stop the wars.
12:25 AM on 08/23/2007
Point taken. I actually agree with your premise. But, this does not need to be an either/or proposition. We are all citizens of Earth. We are all members of the global economy. We are all interconnected one way or another. We ignore those relationships at our peril.
11:49 AM on 08/23/2007
exactly
07:22 PM on 08/22/2007
Having Zinni and Holbrooke in his corner shows he might not have all the answers, but he has experts who do. I'd give anything to see Zinni as SECDEF or SECSTATE. Holbrooke would be a fantastic U.S. ambassador to the U.N. or SECSTATE.

I don't agree with every Democrat running for office but we are blessed to have a field of such high caliber. What do the Republicans have? Romney who makes Kerry look unwavering, Thompson who is booooooooooring, Giuliani whose own family despises him (and with good reason). The only diamond among them is Ron Paul who is a long shot at best. Did I forget to mention McCain? McCain was running, when?
12:48 AM on 08/23/2007
That's just it though, a President is only as good as the people around him. A smart leader picks smart support, easy.

Bush picks his drinking buddies and investment partners. It explains a lot, doesn't it?
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LizM
My micro-bio is too long for this space.
06:46 PM on 08/22/2007
I wonder when the esteemed Foreign Affairs will grace its pages with a treatise on the future of American foreign policy written by the leader among Democrats on all foreign policy matters and national security issues.

Of course, it SHOULD go without saying...but, alas...it does not...so, I hope that you will give us a heads up when Senator Biden writes with a preeminent authority about how the US will regain its credibility throughout the world and restore its global leadership role.
09:46 AM on 08/23/2007
I'd love to see Sen. Biden as our next Secretary of State. I hope President Kucinich or Edwards appoint him to that post.
photo
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CaseyBabes
02:30 PM on 08/23/2007
Don't you mean President Clinton?
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LizM
My micro-bio is too long for this space.
10:31 PM on 08/23/2007
And I thought I was a dreamer!
06:07 PM on 08/22/2007
The problem is that Edwards is having to do this for tactical reasons because his campaign gets little attention these days.

Clinton and Obama had a debate on using diplomacy with roque nations that Edwards was left out of. Edwards called the dispute unimportant.

A few weeks later, Edwards said he would negiotiate with Iran which may not be a bad idea. The problem is that Edwards has to take stands like that to get attention so you don't know if he really means it or not.
05:43 PM on 08/22/2007
Hell, a good idea is a good idea - no matter who came-up with it first.
Let's simply elect someone who will help us regain our staus as the greatest nation on earth and not a rogue superpower.
04:49 PM on 08/22/2007
Funny, Mitt Romney already said the same thing in June. The bullet points:

- Focused On Locally-Targeted Efforts To Win Support In The Community While Identifying, Isolating And Eliminating Terrorist Elements.
- Highly Integrated And Able To Mobilize All Elements Of National Power, Including Humanitarian And Development Assistance And Rule Of Law Capacity Building.
- Closely Coordinated In Partnership With Local Governments.
- Intelligence Driven.
- Agile And Flexible In Its Operations.
- A Sustainable Effort In Contested Areas And Sanctuaries Of Jihadist Groups.

Mittromney.com

Edwards is borrowing heavily from Romney's playbook. First he nearly quotes Romney:

"Edwards is also careful to temper his progressivism with more centrist positions. Speaking to Rolling Stone, Edwards refused to rule out recommitting U.S. forces to Iraq to halt a genocide, and he even demonized single-payer health care: "Do you think the American people want the same people who responded to Hurricane Katrina to run their health-care system?" Rolling Stone Magazine, August 10, 2007.

"Amid a tour of southern New Hampshire, Romney contrasted the private-based universal health care system he created as governor in Massachusetts with government health expansions advocated by some Democrats, saying to laughter, "The last thing I want is the guys managing the Katrina cleanup managing my health care system."

Fox News, August 1, 2007

Edwards is,...is what? A leader, a visionary, a fake, a follower, a copycat...?
05:50 PM on 08/22/2007
And Mitt has taken flip-flopping clear to another universe. And, of course, this war is vital to preserve civilization so long as the sons and daughters of we in the lower classes do the dying__to protect every rich fair hair of his own military age progeny.

We thank you, Mitt boys, for your sacrifice.
05:27 PM on 08/23/2007
Hey, the Romney children are serving their country just like the soldiers in uniform. Don't you remember?
11:09 PM on 08/22/2007
I'm sorry to disappoint you. Edwards' article is a re-tooling of the speech he made on May 23, 2007 at the Council of Foreign Relations (http://johnedwards.com/news/speeches/20070523-cfr/). Additions included remarks he made in Manchester, NH on March 15, 2007 (http://johnedwards.com/news/speeches/nhip20070315/). Some of those original ideas were expressed on April 20, 2006 at a forum in Brussels (http://johnedwards.com/news/speeches/brussels20060430/) and as early as May 25, 2005 at the London School of Economics (http://johnedwards.com/news/speeches/lse20050525/).

It appears Edwards is no longer setting the Democratic agenda, but transforming the national debate.
09:43 AM on 08/23/2007
Beautifully researched. referenced and laid out. For many, it's so much easier to watch one news network and believe everything you hear as fact. I recommend to everybody who gets their information from one source, remember bias and seek other sources.

mike
11:53 AM on 08/23/2007
thank you for supplying these references :-)