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Ashley Koff

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Kombucha and Kefirs: Hype or Healthy?

Posted: 04/01/10 09:54 AM ET

With so many "functional" beverages out there today, one should wonder if they provide actual health benefits or are just good tasting and look cool. When it comes to fermented beverages like kombucha and kefirs, the good news is that many of them actually live up to their popularity and hype.

These popular beverages today may have New Age-sounding names but in reality both kombucha and kefirs, and similarly fermentation -- the process used to make them all -- have long, strong histories of consumption around the world. What's new: these bottled beverages come in numerous flavors, are made from different bases, and have different health benefits (kombucha is even "on tap" at some Whole Foods stores).


What Is Fermentation?

Unlike processes designed to kill microbes such as bacteria and yeast (like pasteurization and irradiation), fermentation actually uses live bacteria and yeast, as well as a sugar source, to create its end products.


What Is Kombucha?

A fermented tea, kombucha is made by allowing a mixture of yeast, bacteria, sugar and tea to ferment. The fermentation of the tea, in most instances black tea, creates a minimal amount of alcohol, and provides organic acids, enzymes, beneficial microflora and B vitamins. The resulting product provides health benefits beyond those of a cup of tea. The organic acids include those that help the digestive system readily remove toxins from the liver and digestive tract.

The enzymes aid in the digestive process as well - likely in concert with the acids - by optimizing acid-alkaline balance in the digestive tract which enables nutrient absorption, waste removal, and also immune system support. B vitamins provide support for the body's metabolic functions including overall energy, use of carbohydrates, heart health, as well as healthy hair, skin, and nails. Additional health benefits may be generated from herbs and spices added (which also provide flavor diversity). For example, ginger provides anti-inflammatory properties as well as being a digestive aid.

Kombucha often has a carbonated and slightly sour taste; these are products of the fermentation which impart the 'sour' flavor (from alcohol produced) and may create bubbles. However, lack of these does not mean the product is tainted or ineffective. You may also see 'floaters' in the bottle; these are the product of fermentation as well and can be consumed.

Is Kombucha Safe For All To Consume Daily?

While there is minimal research on this product, the following provides my professional precautions (including anecdotal evidence from my patients' reports). For the health benefits noted above, I believe kombucha can be consumed with benefit for the healthy individual. The minimal amount of alcohol produced poses an insignificant risk to the healthy individual as does the sugar content. Keep in mind though, that as with any beverage containing sugar, portion control should be observed. Each serving (typically half a bottle or eight ounces) of kombucha contains about eight grams of sugar; this means it's not a good choice for a diabetic and likely not for those who are insulin-sensitive.

Despite the digestive benefits, kombucha may offer those with a healthy digestive tract, for those dealing with digestive issues related to yeast (Candida) or bacteria overgrowth, I recommend against kombucha consumption, especially with acute irritation and during treatment. Additionally, I don't recommend kombucha for pregnant women at all, and recommend that individuals being treated for immune-compromised conditions should obtain the consent of their healthcare practitioner.

Making Your Own Kombucha

Liking what you've read but scared off by the price point ($3 or more per bottle)? Think that it might be cheaper and could be fun to make your own? Home fermentation can be simple and interesting to watch. However, two potential concerns arise with do-it-yourself kombucha: sanitation and viability of microbes. Kombucha uses a "wild" fermentation process meaning that the starter contains "airborne yeast"; efforts to handle this starter safely need to be made when making kombucha oneself. Similarly, the ability to ferment depends on bacteria and yeast being alive or "viable." If your product does not ferment then the starter quality could be to blame.

While tea-drinking cultures of the world have made their fermented teas for years, other cultures have fermented different forms of dairy and more recently, non-dairy sources, to make kefir. Kefir "grains" (the bacteria and yeast) can ferment dairy (cow, goat, sheep's milks) or non-dairy (coconut water, soymilk, etc) in virtually the same way as kombucha. Health benefits include those noted for kombucha as well as an array of nutrient benefits specific to the base of the kefir. For example, dairy sources will offer protein, minerals like calcium and phosphorous, enzymes to improve the ability to digest lactose and, in organic products, higher amounts of CLA (conjugated linoleic acid), a fatty acid that our body doesn't make but that can support the immune system and help optimize body composition. Non-dairy sources may provide vegetarian protein and omega 3 fatty acids (like soymilk), or electrolyte minerals, such as potassium, for hydration (like coconut water).

Are Kefirs Safe For Everyone To Consume Daily?

To answer this question, I'm going to address each type of kefir separately. Cow's milk kefir is most nutritious and safe if certified organic, plain and lowfat or nonfat (the nonfat will not contain the CLA mentioned above). The addition of sugar, organic agave nectar, and fruit flavorings detract from the health benefits of the kefir, as would hormones, antibiotics, and pesticide residues found in non-organic sources. Goat's and sheep's milk are the same but they may be even better tolerated for those with digestive issues including lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome.

Potential benefits of soymilk kefir are mentioned above but consideration should be made to use an organic, unsweetened product to avoid the use of GMO soybeans and so that the sugar does not detract from the health benefits (more on that below). However, soy is a common allergen or irritant especially for those with digestive issues so I am not that excited by soy-based kefirs. Conversely, rice and coconut water offer low allergenic bases and both are commonly used to address digestive issues making them more ideal kefirs for those seeking therapeutic benefits.

Coconut water kefir is a relatively new kefir form, due largely to the popularity and education about coconut water's health benefits in recent years in the United States. I find it to be the best source for patients seeking to address the spectrum of digestive issues - flatulence, bloating, bacterial overgrowth, Candida, insufficient beneficial bacteria -- as well as skin problems and the challenges of sweet cravings that often accompany the digestive issues noted. Why? Coconut water provides nature's perfect hydration cocktail - water, electrolytes - including one of the richest sources of potassium which provides intracellular hydration (takes water "into" the cells) and supports muscle and nerve cells. And as a non-dairy source, coconut water does not create mucus (which can trap bad bacteria) and is virtually non-allergenic (because it contains no protein). Coconut water kefir should come in a glass bottle and be consumed within four to five days of opening as exposure to oxygen can ruin the beverage.

I spoke with Santa Monica, CA-based nurse, colleague and maker of coconut water kefir to learn why she decided to make the product for her patients, "I first learned of Young Coconut Kefir after reading The Body Ecology Diet by Donna Gates. I began making it for myself in an effort to heal an overgrowth of Candida, which presented some very unpleasant digestive symptoms. The results blew me away. My bowel movements improved, I had less gas and bloating, and I started to crave sweets less and less. As a Colon Hydrotherapist I felt it was essential to be able to offer it to my clients." Carly Balsz R.N., Colon Hydrotherapist (www.healingmovement.net).

So net, kombucha, dairy-based kefirs, and non-dairy based kefirs may seem like a fad but they are actually fabulous if one chooses the right product for your health goals and taste preferences. Here are some brands that get the AKA (www.ashleykoffapproved.com) seal of approval meaning that I've investigated their manufacturing and ingredients so you can be assured they meet the aforementioned health standards: Organic Valley plain kefir, Nancy's plain kefir, GT Dave's Kombucha, Healing Movement, Body Ecology Coconut Water Kefir, Redwood Hill Farm raw goat's milk plain kefir.

 

Follow Ashley Koff on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@ashleykoff

With so many "functional" beverages out there today, one should wonder if they provide actual health benefits or are just good tasting and look cool. When it comes to fermented beverages like kombucha...
With so many "functional" beverages out there today, one should wonder if they provide actual health benefits or are just good tasting and look cool. When it comes to fermented beverages like kombucha...
 
 
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09:30 AM on 04/18/2010
@Ashley

That was a wonderful article. Great way to spread the word out about natural homegrown functional and beneficial beverages that actually do good.

And it's definitely not a fad, since these beverages are age-old traditions past down from generation to generation and is only now being popularized by health buffs.

Cheers!
Cee
www.yourkefirsource.com
01:16 PM on 04/15/2010
I got myself off of caffeine while drinking Kombucha. Because of the Vitamin-B content I don't need the extra "boost". I also started drinking Kombucha because the sugar content is way lower than most other bottles drinks. You just have to look at the label because the G.T. Dave's can range from 2g per serving to a whopping 10g (that's the mango one because they use real mango puree). I do find I am not as hungry and I don't crave sweets as much when I am drinking Kombucha. I just crave more Kombucha!

A word if you are trying it out for the first time: It tastes awful. Really awful. I had tried drinking it several times before I made it habit I couldn't get through it. But if you hunker down, get through that first bottle and then your second bottle and finally the third then you may not be able to live without it. The taste becomes much more palatable the more you drink it.
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GailD
Vegan, because compassion tastes good!
12:22 PM on 04/07/2010
I don't consume dairy, and I can't seem to wrap my taste buds around kombucha, but I do enjoy So Delicious coconut milk kefir. I haven't seen coconut water kefir in stores yet, but I really like Taste Nirvana coconut water, so I'll keep my eyes open for it.
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Ozark Homesteader
http://ozarkhomesteader.wordpress.com
08:51 PM on 04/02/2010
We use kefir in place of buttermilk, the old American favorite. Both are cultured milk. Both, if from quality brands, have live cultures. I love both of them.

http://ozarkhomesteader.wordpress.com/
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StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
05:14 AM on 04/02/2010
Kombucha Tea, ice cold and lots of carbonation is THE best hangover remedy I've ever had. I mean, BAM! Knocks out the groggy feeling after the first sip. I feel like I could wrassle a hippo.
01:03 PM on 04/15/2010
I second that!
02:57 AM on 04/02/2010
Do your own research. This article is incomplete at best and inaccurate at worst. The primary beneficial compound in Kombucha tea is nothing more than acetic acid = vinegar. Drink a little apple cider vinegar daily and you get the benefits without the hassle and worry of yeast infection. Kefir is great, but not significantly different than any other lactobacillus fermented milk product or probiotic.
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StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
04:29 AM on 04/02/2010
Let me guess where you do YOUR research: Quackwatch.....

quack, quack...

Anyway you sound like so many I've heard before. Full of empty BS.
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07:19 AM on 04/02/2010
lots of positive evidence about apple cider vinegar. but me thinks you are not really on this thread to learn or to contribute positively :). maybe alkalizing your body and mind would be helpful since you are so vitrilolic (also comes from such a high acidic diet!!!!) :)..... peace- hts
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07:21 AM on 04/02/2010
hey I just read another positive comment you made about komucho.... why are you being so negative about this guy? he has a very - VERY - valid point--- do your research!
07:53 AM on 04/02/2010
@JohnBoi

To be at its best, the apple cider vinegar should also have the 'mother' so as to gain all the benefits of its use. A tablespoon or two added to a glass of organic apple juice or apple cider is a great way to ward off gallbladder attacks also.
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Trittydi
Special on pap smears at Walgreen's this week ....
02:27 AM on 04/02/2010
I would like to encourage people to try making their own kefir. Here's the link to the kefir registry where you can get the Kefir grains (Scobies) -

http://www.torontoadvisors.com/Kefir/kefir-list.php

Here's Dom's kefir site (Australia) - you'll find out just about anything you want to know here including how to ferment foods with kefir grains and how to make kefir cheese.

http://users.sa.chariot.net.au/~dna/Makekefir.html
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Trittydi
Special on pap smears at Walgreen's this week ....
02:19 AM on 04/02/2010
We're very interested in making Kefir Cheese - that is something we're looking forward to. Already have a few books and supply sources lined up.
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Trittydi
Special on pap smears at Walgreen's this week ....
02:17 AM on 04/02/2010
We did Kefir grains for a while about 5 -7 years ago. Our lives became too busy and we had to give them up - but we are ready to do it again - we LOVE it - I'm using store bought kefir and they are two different animals.

We've contacted some people on the registry to get our grains -- Here's the International kefir registry to find and purchase (cheap) kefir grains - for water or milk - also grains for the tea.
http://www.torontoadvisors.com/Kefir/kefir-list.php

Concerning Soy Kefir - I'm hypothyroid and soy interferes with thyroid function - just another thing to consider with Soy Kefir. This interference is diminished with fermented products - but it becomes a gray area for me - I can't take the chance.
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01:39 AM on 04/02/2010
This is very confusing to me!

"Kombucha" is a Japanese word meaning "Kombu tea." Kombu is edible kelp cultivated mostly in Hokkaido, Japan. This kelp is dried and cut into pieces or ground into a powder. You pour hot water over it to prepare a drink. Sometimes we mix it with green tea. No sugar added. Very natural. It is an acquired taste, but is a very healthy drink. No wonder the life expectancy of Japanese women is the best in the world :-)

I guess someone mixed up the names a long time ago.
04:21 AM on 04/02/2010
You are thinking of "konbucha" with an "N" and not "kombucha" with an "M"... Kombucha (with an "M") did originate in Asia, but more in the area of Central Asia and not Japan.

http://www.kombuchacultures.com/kombucha_history.html

For anyone wanting to start using kombucha, a word of warning...it's a high-intensity detoxer and can be harmful if you have an ailing liver or kidneys. Small quantities at first, gradually working up to a small wine-glass sized portion several times a day - I hate that they sell those huge 16 oz bottles of raw kombucha at grocery stores and imagine quite a few people probably have something of a minor gut explosion the first time they chug a nice cold one on a hot day...
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StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
05:16 AM on 04/02/2010
Ice cold Kombucha! Nothing like it on a hot day! Hangover cure!
06:10 AM on 04/02/2010
Thank you for the information, TreeHugger9! Now I understand these are two different drinks!
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Erica Heinz
12:12 AM on 04/02/2010
The week before I went to Guatemala, I drank a small glass of kefir every morning (just cleaning out the fridge, no plan in mind). I was one of only three people (out of 24) that didn't get sick. The kefir was the only thing I could credit; the other girl had been drinking rejuvelac daily. I'm a total believer in probiotics now.
01:08 PM on 04/15/2010
I have been drinking Kombucha for over a year now and I have completely avoided getting sick (helps that my domestic partner has a very strong immune system) until just last week when my beau did get sick. I don't know if it is just the Kombucha or if the Kombucha is a nice support for my immune system, but I always feel wonderful when I drink it (YAY Vitamin-B!!)
08:28 PM on 04/01/2010
Kefir cured my candida when my immunologists had given up. I drink almost a quart a day of Lifeway plain, low-fat.
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Shouterguy
Citizens united against Citizens United
08:06 PM on 04/01/2010
Costs about three bucks to make three gallons of kombucha. Drank it for years. Loved it.
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Shouterguy
Citizens united against Citizens United
08:03 PM on 04/01/2010
I made my own Kombucha (tea kvaas) for years. Had a batch go bad once, but just started over with a new culture. Basically, if you are careful, you are fine. If it grows a mold on the culture, you are not fine. Use the same care as you would making anything you put in your mouth.

I just stopped doing it because I got lazy. Great stuff!
06:36 PM on 04/01/2010
After reading some of the comments here, I have to wonder what the reaction would be to cheese, beer, wine, pickles, bread, or any of the other fermented foods we commonly eat, were we to be exposed to them for the first time.

Squeamishness is a vice.
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coveark
Obstructionists, get off the hill !!!
07:47 PM on 04/01/2010
And fairly rampant....................
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StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
04:34 AM on 04/02/2010
I totally agree with the squeamish comment. Try everything twice. :)