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Ben Barber

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Morocco Knows How to Win in Sahara

Posted: 07/17/2012 2:15 pm

When hardcore Islamists linked to al Qaeda recently took over a region of the Sahara desert in northern Mali the size of France, I knew how they could be quickly defeated.

Thirty years ago I rode across the Western Sahara with Polisario guerrillas who are very much like the rebels and Islamists in Mali -- basically people who tell everyone else what to do and think and who drive around in land rovers heavily armed to enforce their will.

But the Polisario are leftists who pushed nomads and camel herders into refugee camps in Algeria and launched a military effort to seize the Western Sahara which is the size of Colorado. Spain abandoned it in 1976 and Morocco swiftly annexed it.

But when I rode with the Polisario we were sitting ducks, forever in fear of the F-5 jets Morocco purchased from the United States. I guess that's why they call it "air power."

We had to hide under scrub trees, drive our Land Rovers over stony ground to leave no tracks and, when crossing sandy areas, erase our tracks with blankets before we rested to eat or sleep.

The Moroccans won their battle against the Polisario -- a battle very much like the one about to begin in northern Mali -- with air power.

Air power will box in the rebels, isolate them from the cities and remaining population and possibly drive them completely into the wilderness.

The Moroccans also had a large and effective army, which Mali does not.

And Morocco used an innovative technique to counter what military experts call "asymmetric" warfare in which mobile un-uniformed rebels play hit-and-run against standing armies. Sound like Afghanistan?
Morocco used bulldozers to build a berm of sand some 15 to 30 feet high and more than 1,250 miles long, blocking off the guerrillas from the inhabited coastal region of the Western Sahara.

Then they placed electronic motion sensors built by Westinghouse along the crest of the berm. As soon as Polisario forces tried to cross the berm, Morocco sent the supersonic jets screaming out across the barren desert which offered no place for the Polisario to hide.

Soon the Polisario controlled only a narrow strip of useless desert and 75,000 Sahrawi nomads, trapped for 30 years in refugee tents outside the Algerian town of Tindouf.

Al Qaeda and other Islamist groups are like wolves -- they circulate on the fringes of civilization, picking off the weak and helpless. When government and security is weak, they take root setting up their own courts and sharia practices. They stone adulterers, block girls from school, keep women inside the home and ban TV and music.

The Islamists took power in Afghanistan after civil war destroyed organized government. And in ungoverned portions of Pakistan, Yemen, Philippines and other countries they also have carved out their Sharia Islamist enclaves.

And they have done it again in the Sahara of northern Mali, which has become a magnet for Algerian Islamist killers who left 200,000 dead in the 1990s; and Nigeria's new killers the Boko Haram who bomb churches to kill Christians.

Diplomats in West Africa say they have 3,000 troops ready to oust the few hundred Islamists in Mali.

But action has been delayed. Diplomats bicker over the "modalities" of the intervention. And there is no competent government in Mali since the military coup in April.

So the Ansar Dine Islamist fighters continue to impose Taliban-style Islamic law and to destroy ancient tombs in Timbuktu holy to Mali's Sufi Muslims. The Wahabbi Islamists of al Qaeda and Ansar Dine see Sufis as idolaters for venerating the tombs of saints.

Some 200,000 people have fled the region to forlorn refugee camps in dirt-poor Niger and other neighboring countries where drought and hunger are spreading.

These refugees tell reporters they cannot endure their harsh religious dictatorship: beating women for going to the market, forcing men to grow beads and forbidding people to watch television.

The Islamists swarmed into this remote region from desert encampments, bolstered by Tuareg tribal nomads who had been fighting in Libya for Gaddafi and then returned home with their weapons.

The weak Mali army was unequal to the task of beating off the Tuaregs and Islamists who shot their way into northern cities. The humiliated army then turned its guns on the civilian government in the capital Bamako, in a military coup.

This left a vacuum in Mali which the Tuaregs and Islamists quickly exploited, seizing all of the North. Then the Islamist wolves turned on the secular Tuaregs and seized total control.

Whatever is behind the Islamist revival sweeping much of the world -- economics, search for dignity, genuine religious vision -- it seeks no less than to impose its will on people it conquers, regardless of their views. This is against some of the most basic tenants of Islam which preaches that unless people convert and accept Islamic law willingly, they must not be forced.

Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice says "The devil can cite scripture for his own purpose."

Now there are thousands of these devils killing innocent people from the Sahara to Yemen to Indonesia to Afghanistan. It is up to the rest of the world to take notice and help those who cannot help themselves.

Ben Barber invites readers to learn more about publication of his photojournalism book GROUNDTRUTH, At Work, Play and War in the Third World, by clicking here or visiting www.facebook.com/GROUNDTRUTH1

 
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When hardcore Islamists linked to al Qaeda recently took over a region of the Sahara desert in northern Mali the size of France, I knew how they could be quickly defeated. Thirty years ago I rode acr...
When hardcore Islamists linked to al Qaeda recently took over a region of the Sahara desert in northern Mali the size of France, I knew how they could be quickly defeated. Thirty years ago I rode acr...
 
 
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04:10 PM on 07/21/2012
“When the NW African populations were grouped according to cultural or linguistic differences, the partition was not associated with genetic differentiation. Thus, it is likely that Arabisation was mainly a cultural process. … No significant genetic differences were found between Arabs and non-Arabs (ie Berbers and Saharawis).”
http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v8/n5/pdf/5200464a.pdf
09:15 PM on 07/22/2012
Excellent study, an eye opener for purist Berbers( I am one).
Thanks for sharing!
03:05 PM on 07/31/2012
My pleasure. Long live Morocco.
03:24 PM on 07/19/2012
The major powers are aware that the Moroccan annexation is irreversible. There is no going back, Europe does not wants another failed state in the region, a Somalia upon Atlantic. In 40 years Morocco has developed and populated the land. There is no entity has the power or the will to force Morocco out. You should ponder on Tibet for it is a great example of a successful annexation.
The author is realistic and pragmatic,demonstrated a great knowledge of the terrain, he was actually riding with the Sahrawis freedom fighters. He definitely masters his subject for having been there on both sides of the berm.He is not one of those romantic academics and armchair revolutionaries that give themselves a good conscience by supporting any lib movement. He definitely suggested extremely realistic approach to the rampant lawlessness threatening the region and soon the rest of the world.
Today we have Polisario and Aqmi, tomorrow we will have Taliban and AlQaeda and then the good old Yankee intervention. The Moroccans know how to contain the threat.
Thank you for a great piece Mr Barber
02:16 PM on 07/19/2012
Mr Barber is right, Morocco has won the war in the Western Sahara, it conquered the territory in 1975. According to the UN census there were 75'000 inhabitants, today the population amounts to close to 1 million inhabitants, Morocco has established itself in irreversible manner. Where there were spanish garrison barracks and camel herders campements, you have today flourishing towns with thriving industries. The Algerian military would not even allow the UN to do the census in the refugee camps, where close to 70'000 Sahrawis are kept prisoners. They resort to lawlessness, drug smuggling, kidnapping to survive.
The Sahara to Morocco is what Tibet is to China, It has been part of Morocco for 37 years, 2 generations of Moroccans were born there! In 37 years, there will always be some armchair revolutionaries discussing an imaginary independence.
10:29 AM on 07/19/2012
Those who talk about an independent state have no idea what is the history about in that land. I call for everyone to revise the moroccan geography before being colonised by France and Spain to understand why Morroco will never give up fighting for this piece of land no matter what it costs. Neither polisario terrorist army, nor Algeria or other comunist country will ever kneel Morocco. By the way AQMI is already closing in..!!!
06:57 PM on 07/18/2012
Mr. Barber's crucial sentence "Moroccans won their battle against the Polisario" is a vague one. Morrocco won and lost battles in the Western Sahara but Morocco did not win the war despite their supreme airpower and all other sophisticated US and European weaponry. The war is not over yet, there is a ceasefire, and the conflict seems to be turned into a ccomplicated diplomatic stalemate. No, it is not the most easy topic to write about. I think Mr. Barber could use some editorial advice from professionals at the Huffington Post before publishing next time. Now he seems to be taking sides in a conflict he does not understand.
02:01 PM on 07/18/2012
What a shame of analysis!!! We, the Saharawi People refugees and in Occupied Territories, are asking for our Self-determination right, the same our brothers and sisters did in Tunisia, Egypt and so... But we asked it after the agreement of the International Court of Justice mandate (1974) and after the many UN resolutions (e.g. 1514), which said that the Western Sahara issue is a decolonization issue, hence every solution MUST respect the Self-determination right of Saharawi people. By the way, even Hassan II (father of Mohamed VI) recogniced this Saharawis right after singing cease-fire in 1991 with Polisario Front (the representative of saharaui refugees). What's wrong with asking our right to Self-determination like all people of the world did. 37 years have passed but we don't give up the fight... History is full of Moroccan attempts to manipulate public opinion, but we think that Morocco has enogh with his domestic problems... Thanks to God the World knows what are we fighting for: OUR FREEDOM. It could be better to ask yourself what are $u$ fighting for??? Why you don`t mention Gdeim Ezik Dignity Camp (Ends of 2010) at El Aaiun (capital of Western Sahara)???
04:06 PM on 07/21/2012
“As for Morocco, it fought for centuries to maintain its independence and the integrity of its territory in the face of a coalition of the mighty ones of the day; and when the State had to give way to superior force, the people, in the felicitous phrase of Professor Dupuy, took over from the State, continuing the fight on all fronts until the final victory, which showed, better than any referendum, the irresistible will of the nation. Going back through history, one can mention instances of liberation without a referendum through the legitimate struggle of numerous countries. The struggle is still being untiringly pursued for the liberation of the peoples of Namibia and Arab Palestine. Among the grounds put forward by Spain to convince the Court that it should refuse to answer the General Assembly’s request for an advisory opinion, it mentions the fact that the Assembly has already decided that a referendum should be carried out, and that it cannot go back on that decision which is binding on it; the Advisory Opinion would, it is alleged, in those circumstances only be of academic interest. That argument was rightly rejected by the Court.”

- Former Vice-President of the ICJ, Judge Ammoun http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/61/6205.pdf
05:43 PM on 07/30/2012
It was Morocco who introduced Western Sahara to the list of non-governing territories in the 60s, before the Spaniards left, and it remained there due to the dispute. All neutral organisations, including the UN, consider Western Sahara a disputed territory and not an occupied territory as you like for the rest of the world to believe. Now, get your fact right and stop lying to people!
01:32 PM on 07/18/2012
This is hands-down one of the worst articles I've read on HuffPo. Entirely convoluted, with baseless claims, and no evidence to back up these claims.

Barber begins by saying that "the Moroccans won their battle against the Polisario", yet by the UN-mandated ceasefire a third of Western Saharan is under Polisario control whereas the remaining 2/3rds is under Moroccan occupation.

Barber also mentions that it was the Polisario who pushed "nomads and camel herders" into refugee camps in Algeria. Why would the Polisario push their own Sahrawi people into refugee camps?

Moreover, the Sahrawi people in the Algerian refugee camps themselves support the Polisario and an independent Western Sahara. Here's photos to prove it:
http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/a-light-on-the-people-of-western-sahara/

Barber continues with a rambling monologue about jihadists and air power in Mali and elsewhere. With rhetorical flourish, Barber concludes with "thousands of these devils killing innocent people from the Sahara". Where exactly have there been killing of innocent Sahrawis? Please use facts next time you write a piece for HuffPo.
04:06 PM on 07/21/2012
“For more than 30 years, the Polisario Front and Algeria have systematically and categorically turned down requests of the High Commission on Refugees (HCR) to carry out a census of the Sahrawi population in the refugee camps of Tindouf province, in Southwest Algeria. While the unjustifiable refusal of Algeria can be easily understood in the context of its relations with Morocco and its need for political propaganda over the issue of refugees living on its soil, the refusal of the Polisario is primarily motivated by the profit which the separatist Front gains from an overestimation of the number of refugees and, as a result, larger amounts of humanitarian assistance flowing in. This is, among others, reflected in a confidential report of the European Union we were able to browse through. … Many European deputies have tried in vain to demand that it either be made public or that access be given to members of the concerned Commissions and Delegations in the European Parliament. Unfortunately the refusal can be easily understood. Indeed, the highest European authorities are aware of the disastrous consequences which publication of the report would have for relations between Algeria and Europe, whereas Algeria is one of the main suppliers of natural gas and oil to the European Union.” http://www.esisc.net/TEWN/pdf/419598541_EN8.pdf

Video proof of the embezzlement of humantarian aid: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lNLEBwNwFk
05:40 PM on 07/30/2012
If the Polisario is controlling one third of the Sahara, what the hell are they still doing in Algeria? If they're being honest abt the popultion held in the camps and are so sure abt their loyalty, why don't they allow for a census? why don't let those who choose to go back to Morocco? How do you explain the fact that every year thousands of Sahrawis flee the camp and join Morocco? How do you explain the fact that every UN-sponsored family exchange flight leaves Laayoune with less people than it brought? Answer if you can!
11:41 AM on 07/18/2012
Great article! Thanks Barber
11:05 AM on 07/18/2012
Excellent analysis, the elephant is in room is the Algerian military that created and allowed the Islamists to set a shop in northern Mali. The reasoning is to get them out of Algeria, create chaos at the border to justify their own squandering and pillaging of the oil revenue.
The Algerian iarmy will not intervene to stop the Salafia scourge that is and will spread to the rest of the North and West Africa, because they're her clients.
The West should arm and support Morocco, as it is the only power that can and knows how to stop the virus before it creates havoc in the region.
01:20 PM on 07/18/2012
Algeria's government is supporting Islamists? LOL.
Learn some history! Algerians spent the entire 1990s fighting these Islamists! Ever heard of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat? Or even the Algerian Civil War??
Get your facts straight!
05:25 AM on 07/22/2012
"At the heart of AQIM is the DRS" - Lieutenant Colonel Lemana of Mali (not long after saying that he was assassinated in his home)

http://www.redpepper.org.uk/Who-really-bombed-Paris/
02:53 AM on 07/18/2012
Rather puzzled by Barber's contempt for the Sahrawi? They were trying to get their homeleand back. What is the problem with that exactly?
09:20 AM on 07/18/2012
How about the Moroccan Sahrawis who are already living in their homeland ? Polisario should seek peace and no more killing and war.
01:18 PM on 07/18/2012
How about the Sahrawis under Moroccan occupation that weren't allowed to legally protest for their homeland?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests

Morocco is no democracy.
It has no qualms about subjugating its Arab brethren.

Even the United Nations and the world community recognizes that Western Sahara is the world's last major colony. That's why the UN says the Sahrawi people have the right to self-determination. Even the deceased Moroccan king in 1991 agreed to an independence referendum for the Sahrawi people --- a promise the current Moroccan king reneged on.
02:07 AM on 07/19/2012
Collaborators?
01:24 PM on 07/18/2012
they can go back to homeland wthout army force, and they get a house plus a monthly help until they find a job.

So there is NO problem just no separation from MOROCCO, because this land is for all MOROCCANS (not only a few hundreds manipulated by algeria) all over the history and we will not give it away util the last Moroccan Dies. understand! start counting until 40 millions dies.
01:56 AM on 07/19/2012
It's not givong it away. It is GIVING it back to those who own it.