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Ben Sherwood

Ben Sherwood

Posted April 23, 2009 | 11:11 AM (EST)

Waterboarding 101: Inside the Secret School Where US Forces Learn to Survive Torture


According to The New York Times, the idea for the aggressive interrogation techniques used by the CIA on terrorism suspects came from a military training program known as SERE, an abbreviation for "Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape." The Times reports the SERE program was "created decades earlier to give American pilots and soldiers a sample of the torture methods used by Communists in the Korean War, methods that had wrung false confessions from Americans."

What exactly is SERE? In brief, it's survival training. Each military branch offers its own version of the program to teach soldiers, sailors and aviators how to survive in hostile environments, evade and resist the enemy, and if necessary, escape. Resist, in military shorthand, means to withstand the punishment of captivity, including torture, and to find ways to fight back.

One theory behind this rough training, as I learned during my research for The Survivors Club, involves something called stress inoculation. Training operates like a vaccine: A small challenge to your system is supposed to prepare and defend you against much greater adversity. In other words, if you're exposed to enough hardship and pressure, you'll build your immunity. The more shocks to your system, the more you can withstand.

Only in harsh and realistic conditions, the military believes, can trainees begin to understand what it's like to be shot down, captured or brutalized by the enemy. The more miserable and uncomfortable, the better. Every single one of the ex-POWs I've interviewed believes this training was invaluable in surviving their ordeals.

Here's how air force survival training typically works. They take you to the remote woods of Washington state, deprive you of food and sleep, chase you around like an animal, and when they capture you, they drag you to a place called the Resistance Lab. Translation: prisoner of war school. It's located on an isolated patch of Fairchild Air Force Base in Spokane and it's strictly off limits to outsiders. What really goes on behind the concertina wire is classified.

According to current and former military men and women, everything inside POW school is modeled on real enemy encampments, including guard towers, razor wire, concrete cells, and metal cages. To scare you, they've even got fake graves marked with crosses. The goal is to simulate hell on earth like the Hanoi Hilton in Vietnam or al-Qaeda's torture chambers in Iraq. If they even allow a visit to the latrine, you relieve yourself in a miserable hole in the ground.

Highly trained professionals serve as jailors and interrogators, putting prisoners through carefully choreographed chaos that's designed to disorient and break them down. If you're afraid of dogs, they may terrify you with snarling German shepherds just inches from your face. If you're scared of snakes (or insects), they may throw you into a pit of writhing creatures or bugs. If you're claustrophobic, they may stuff you into a series of smaller and smaller boxes or bury you underground in barrels. Throughout the experience, they wear you down with sleep deprivation, semi-starvation, and blaring music, including Sesame Street songs around the clock. They interrogate you constantly, employing enemy techniques copied from World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. (According to The New York Times, those techniques include fake-drowning or waterboarding) They say they don't use excessive force, but it can be physically rough. No one likes to admit it, but bones and eardrums have been broken in the service of preparing American men and women for the reality of captivity.

Hungry, exhausted and under relentless physical and psychological pressure, many trainees lose track of time and some begin to believe they're experiencing the real thing. That's the ultimate goal: to make you crack and fail in your mission and then show you how to put yourself back together again.

The first phase is called hitting the wall--the moment when you believe you can't take another step, when you can't survive another minute, when you're willing to do anything just to stop the misery. The course is carefully designed so that everyone hits the wall. In that critical moment, when you're begging for food and rest, the trainers push you even harder. The purpose is to prove that you're stronger than you know and that you can keep going. Success isn't about your size or strength. Survival is all in your mind.

According to The New York Times, the idea for the aggressive interrogation techniques used by the CIA on terrorism suspects came from a military training program known as SERE, an abbreviation for "Su...
According to The New York Times, the idea for the aggressive interrogation techniques used by the CIA on terrorism suspects came from a military training program known as SERE, an abbreviation for "Su...
 
 
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03:55 PM on 04/23/2009
@ MG Moore and Camper..
This SERE-course graduate knows the difference between training to resist thuggery and condoning thuggery. Does that make me a dirty peacenik?
04:45 PM on 04/23/2009
Judging by the challenge in your tone I think it might.

Peacenik was, perhaps, a poor choice of words. I merely was trying to differentiate the pragmatists who desire peace but expect war from the cute and fuzzy bunnies that think the entire world is just a meadow full of daisies.

People like me realize that, in the dark woods that surround the meadow, there are mean things with big teeth that like the taste of bunnies.

Here is to those who are willing to defend those that despise them.
03:26 PM on 04/23/2009
Ben Sherwood
Author, Journalist, Founder and CEO of TheSurvivorsClub.org

~~

what was the point of this post?
05:19 PM on 04/23/2009
The point was to claim we got these techniques from others sources besides the communists
And then to equate the basic training our soldiers receive to that of torturing a prisoner of war

His argument is, "our troops don't mind if they are tortured" Because in his opinion they have already been subjected to it. Its a laughable assertion
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JD44Irish
06:53 PM on 05/05/2009
I don't think he said that at all. You should not be so hasty to put words in someone's mouth.

This training is far from basic. Our troops are actually waterboarded and much worse at these facilities, they endure hell on earth so that they can better serve and protect you and me.

The reality is that war is ugly and those who don't follow the rules often win. I will remind you that in the 1770s 13 colonies violated the prevailing standards of warefare by shooting at officers and employing guerilla tactics such as firing from a concealed position. Or do the rules only apply when you like the reason for breaking them?
02:36 PM on 04/23/2009
Is it my computer or does this blog take 10 minutes to show up?
01:37 PM on 04/23/2009
New poll:
57% of Americans think Obama taking country in wrong direction.
I'm one of them.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MontanaSouth
Montanan in Tucson
01:57 PM on 04/23/2009
Which new pol is this?
02:01 PM on 04/23/2009
Cite your poll, please. Otherwise, you're full of it.
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ArborialBiped
There is no spoon. But there's a spork.
12:55 PM on 04/23/2009
I see some of the comments here taking on a tone of "wimpy peaceniks vs. warmongers". That "debate" is about as interesting as "jocks vs. brains" back in high school -- and just as relevant to the debate about the Cheney-Bush admin's dishonest and cowardly introduction of torture into US policy.

Keep your eye on the ball folks, though the shrill Fox-Limbaugh-Malkin machine will keep trying to distract and evade: What the draft-dodging neo-con cowards introduced was NOT a part of the proud American professional military tradition (as SERE training is) -- it was a betrayal of it. And MANY in the military, and in the CIA, pushed against it in ways large and small. Google Maj.Gen. Antonio Taguba and Capt. Ian Fishback, to name just a couple.

Like most Americans, Dem, Repub and Indep, I have great respect for our fighting men and women. To even discuss them in the same breath as the deskbound-Deciders in the previous junta's "Unitary Presidency" does our military heroes a disservice.
12:42 PM on 04/23/2009
Been there, done that, got the T-shirt. What was done to these terrorists does not even come close to torture.

But it a great political tool that liberals and leftist democrats will use until it breaks.
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ArborialBiped
There is no spoon. But there's a spork.
01:24 PM on 04/23/2009
Sounds like you served the country in uniform -- thank you.

With respect however, you're wrong here on the facts:

First, evidence has grown in the last several months (ICRS, former CIA personnel, etc.) that, when you look at not only Gitmo and the 'Ghraib but also Bagram AFB and the "black sites", many detainees were treated far worse than even the memos prescribed. There were many deaths from repeated beatings, for example.

Second, it was not just "terrorists" that were detained and abused without legal authority or process -- it included innocents rounded up by rival tribesmen for example, and later released.

Third, no, it's not just "liberals" who believe in the rule of law -- I ain't one, and I believe in it, too. So too do Maj.Gen. Antonio Taguba, Capt. Ian Fishback, and Sen. John McCain, among many others in the mil-intel tradition. Look'em up.

The Bushies betrayed your fine professional tradition, sir. Don't let the Fox noise machine fool you on that. "Liberals vs. soldiers" here is an absolutely false dichotomy. Look up those names and you'll see.
11:30 AM on 04/23/2009
Ben, it's not a secret. I live nearby and everyone knows about it. I've heard people who work there speak freely about what they do.
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04:51 PM on 04/23/2009
The details of what happens is supposed to remain secret. If you are hearing detailed information, your sources are either making it up or are criminals.
11:21 AM on 04/23/2009
Sorry Charon I hate to break it to you but there really are bad people out there and not because of any "American" violence. I too experienced SERE's school as a Navy pilot in 1972. It was the week long scenario not your day job. I too was waterboarded and would never want to do it again but I was thankful for the training, as tough as it was, it did prepare me mentally. Those pilots who ended up as POW's in the latter days of the Viet Nam war, were also thankful for that training.
02:40 AM on 04/24/2009
Mr. Filson, I salute you and thank you for your service, both to Country, and for your efforts here helping educate the "young at mind" found here.
11:20 AM on 04/23/2009
This is an irrelevant argument. What our armed forces do to prepare our volunteer soldiers for hardship is, as stated, a survival tactic. We know from experience what our enemies are prepared to do to our military men and women. The military is always refining their training tactics to maximize success.

What the US does to prisoners is a separate story: the US does not torture. We've violated that simple statement and the results will be felt internally by a disillusioned populace and externally by forces energized to defeat us. If our goal is to create more enemies to keep us in the war business, then we're doing a fine job. Have our tactics in GITMO and other places lessened the threat to the everyday soldier, or have the tactics added danger to an already dangerous job?
03:21 PM on 04/23/2009
"IF OUR GOAL IS TO CREATE MORE ENEMIES TO KEEP US IN THE WAR BUSINESS, THEN WE'RE DOING A FINE JOB."

bingo bango bongo.
10:59 AM on 04/23/2009
What is the purpose of interrogation? Just how much fear will produce any new info after " hitting the wall?"
12:12 PM on 04/23/2009
Experience it! Then you'll know. I have and do.
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CitizenT
01:26 PM on 04/23/2009
Were you actively seeking martyrdom at the time? Whole different ballgame there camper.
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steamboat
09:45 AM on 04/23/2009
Hey, even in basic training we sat in chambers of tear gas with our masks off and had to try to count from 100 backwards........This is the military, not the Boy Scouts.

I see nothing wrong with strenuous survival training.....Why I was reading were a student is waterboarded as a requirement at the Virginia Military Institute before they graduate. Sorry PC-folks, but survival training is a must in this less-than-perfect world we live in.
09:12 AM on 04/23/2009
I did SERE in 1984 as part of finishing the Special Forces Q course.

It wasn't, nor was it intended to be, any fun.

I was waterboarded, had a bag tossed over my head with a snake in it, tied standing up in a pit where the water level was just at my nostrils, etc.....

It showed where I was vulnerable and how to get my head around managing that vulnerability.

I accept that the peaceniks are not comfortable with a country that produces men like myself and, I too, want a peaceful world for my child. There needs to be the realization that there are bad people out there that no amount of talking will convince them to seek other courses. Consequently there needs to be the capacity to wage swift and savage war when attempts at peace fail.

I'm proud of my time at the sharp end of the spear and salute those that follow along and have the courage to do the hard things.
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charon
Censorship is the betrayal of democracy
10:00 AM on 04/23/2009
You have been raised from childhood in a environment in which most of the information you have received has been controlled to manipulate your understanding of what is going on in America and the world by those who profit from the empire. If you study your history you will find that there has been no one since WWII worse than the US. From Greece and Iran in the late 40s through most of Latin America and Southeast Asia, the US has viciously suppressed all movements against the American corporations and the domestic elites that benefited from them. The language of that suppression, like "desaparecidos" and "death squads," testify to the violence of methods used by Americans and its proxies.

It is in response to American violence that many of your so-called "bad people" arose. We have manufactured them by killing off the more moderate opposition, leaving in many cases only the most ruthless. Many times the "bad people," like Saddam Hussein, were put in place by the CIA to destroy a nationalist labor movement, and were considered good people, until they stopped doing America's bidding, then they became "bad people." You really need a good education, huffpo is too brief a forum for a complete accounting of the history of the empire here.
10:38 AM on 04/23/2009
Its always nice to have someone who parades around under the guise of pseudo-intellectualism to explain to the rest of us why we are so dumb.

I'm hardly ignorant of world history. I simply reject the idea that I have any culpability for mistakes of the past. That represent reflexive anti-americanism and , quite frankly , narcissistic behavior at its worst. You obviously come from a failed culture where it was indoctrinated into you that talk and action are synonymous. If you think the world need to be a different place then Do... don't talk.....

Everyday is a new day.
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charon
Censorship is the betrayal of democracy
10:00 AM on 04/23/2009
You are being rather simplistic to assume that "peaceniks" do not realize that there are bad people out there too. In fact, many "peaceniks" are veterans themselves. You can, e.g., call me a "peacenik" if that makes you feel better, but I assure you, I don't underestimate people. Neither do I overestimate or misunderstand them.

In the first place, the problem I have with bushco is the policy of torturing prisoners, not training special forces to defend us. In the second place, America has been involved for the last century or so in running a world empire, exploiting other countries in harmful ways. Following WWII, this empire expanded to include the known world outside the "communist" countries. The methods the US used to maintain this empire have been anything but nice, and have included assassination, massacre of civilians, cooptation, and training of foreign pro-US ruling elites in these countries in torture to be used to suppress democratic and nationalist movements within their own countries.
12:14 PM on 04/23/2009
Torture beats the HELL out of beheading!
11:46 PM on 04/22/2009
"Somewhere a True Believer is training to kill you . He is training with minimum food or water, in asutere conditions, day and night. The only thing clean on him is his weapon. He doesnt worry about what workout to do-- his rucksack weighs what it weighs, and he runs until the enemy stops chasing him. The True Believer doesnt care how hard it is'; he knows he wither wins or he dies. He doesnt go home a 1700 hours; he is home. He knows only the "Cause" Now, who wants to quit?"

Quoted from a welcome speech to new canidates for Special Forces Training. By the NCOIC of the Special Forces Assessment Branch
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charon
Censorship is the betrayal of democracy
02:02 AM on 04/23/2009
The paranoia of thugs of the Empire is remarkable, as is the shallowness of their capacity for insight and humanity.
12:16 PM on 04/23/2009
Seeing as you feel that way, we'll be sure to NOT protect YOU next time.
09:56 PM on 04/22/2009
Like Sherwood, you seem to feel that since our soldiers are not drafted, they are voluntarily subject to a real freak show of brutality in training- to include broken noses, perforated eardrums, and "near-drowning" experiences; Sherwood does not state that this is restricted to elite or Special Forces. I disagree vehemently- furthermore, it was accepted as common knowledge after Vietnam that any prisoner could be broken.
There are plenty of life-threatening aspects in "normal" miitary training as it is. Also objectionable is
the U.S. military's recent embrace of the near- equivalent of Ultimate Fighting, as shown on the Military Channel- injuries sustained there could easily lead to permanent disability, if not death- morally unjustifiable, and furthermore, a liability to not only the soldier's family but the taxpayers as well
12:16 AM on 04/23/2009
Despite all the arm chair quarterbacks lately... Self proclamed experts on what is torture and what isnt. I still believe that torture is a misnomer for what was done by the CIA. What they did in Abu Graib was torture - a bunch of weekend warrior reservists without proper supervision, they werent assigned the task of interogation, they were just out to humiliate and hurt a captured enemy. what the CIA has done is intensly study the best methods to cause discomfort and scare the hell ought you, until you mentally crack and give up the psychological fight to hide what you know. Discomfort as in sleep deprivation, cold temps, loud music, ect. adding the fear of being drowned and most crack and share everything they know. we are not talking about ripping out fingernails with a pliers, or the rack. we are talking discomfort not dismemberment, and after the icy shower a doctor checks their temp to make sure they really are ok. dont think anyone ever actually drowned during waterboarding... that says something. But if we want to end it and get rid of Gitmo, Im sure our troops in the field wont mind, because processing prisoner on the battle field sucks. I imagine their mindset when all is said and done will be - Kill em, dont bother capturing em.
08:30 AM on 04/23/2009
You are spot on. Clearly info from someone who has seen this issue close up. I don't support your last sentence though. However, the release of the memos and change of policy does raise this logitics issue...now what do they do with the bad guys. And, how now do you get them to talk? I think ultimately policy will change back when cooler heads prevail. I believe the President privately understands and supports what has been done now that he is the guy in the hotseat, but he has to please his wild-eyed base on the left.
10:25 AM on 04/23/2009
How would you prepare them for combat then? Please, enlighten us with your methods!