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Bennett L. Gershman

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The Case for Prosecuting Strauss-Kahn: Or Should Prosecutors Play God?

Posted: 08/19/11 05:41 PM ET

It's a classic courtroom battle -- David (Nafissatou Diallo), a poor immigrant chambermaid, against Goliath (Dominick Strauss-Kahn), a wealthy and powerful man, whom she accuses of a violent sexual attack. She has told her dramatic story of the encounter to virtually everyone -- on TV, at press conferences, in interviews. But there is one small group of people to whom she has not recounted the event but who matter the most -- a jury. Will it happen? Will New York District Attorney Cyrus Vance allow the case to proceed to trial and allow a jury to render a verdict? Or will he play God and decide the case himself? He makes his decision on Tuesday.

Apart from the dramatic confrontation, this case also illustrates a classic ethical dilemma for a prosecutor. If a prosecutor believes that the victim is telling the truth, but also believes that there are reasons for a jury to reject her testimony, should the prosecutor allow a jury to hear the victim's story, or should the prosecutor drop the case? To be sure, there would be no legal or ethical dilemma if the prosecutor did not believe the victim, even though the prosecutor believed that a jury might convict. That was the issue confronting North Carolina prosecutor Michael Nifong in the Duke Lacrosse case, and he chose to proceed with the case even though it was obvious that the alleged victim was lying. Should a prosecutor keep a case from a jury when the evidence is weak, even though the prosecutor believes the defendant is guilty?

The evidence that Strauss-Kahn committed a criminal act -- which has appeared so ambiguous and conflicting when aired in the media-saturated blogs and tabloids -- will probably be far more focused and incriminating if and when the proof is offered and assessed inside a courtroom. Consider, for example, the medical and scientific evidence to prove the attack. One of the arguments by Strauss-Kahn's lawyers has been that the evidence of a forcible encounter is inconclusive and proves only that there was some type of sexual encounter, but not an aggressive and non-consensual one. This claim, however, has so far been made based on sketchy medical reports. The medical and scientific witnesses who wrote these reports have yet to testify. But from what we know about the reports, their testimony may lend powerful support to Diallo's detailed description of the encounter. These witnesses will likely identify specific bruises and abrasions on Diallo's body, particularly in the vaginal area, and will likely say that in their opinion, these injuries are consistent with a violent sexual attack and inconsistent with a consensual encounter. Indeed, Strauss-Kahn's lawyers may have a difficult time refuting these opinions, particularly when the physical evidence appears to interlock with the victim's description. Moreover, the defense from the inception of this case apparently was forced to concede that there was a sexual encounter. This concession was based on the discovery of Strauss-Kahn's semen on Diallo's body and clothing. But the defense of consent may ring hollow with a jury. As the prosecutor will likely argue dramatically in his summation, "Why in the world would this woman consent to this man's ugly overture?"

The prosecutor will also introduce evidence from witnesses to whom Diallo cried out for help shortly after the encounter. This evidence is labeled "Prompt Outcry" proof and is admissible to prove that a forcible and unconsented sexual act in fact occurred. The theory for this rule is that if a victim complains immediately after a sexual event such as a rape, it is likely that the victim is telling the truth. If the act was consented to, so the theory goes, why would the victim make an immediate complaint? But more than the promptness of her complaint, however, will be the likely testimony from these witnesses as to Diallo's demeanor as she recounted the event. They may testify that she appeared shaken, crying, anguished, clearly not in control of her emotions. The prosecutor will ask the jury: "Was this an act? Is this a game? Why would she make this up?"

Then there are, at least from news reports, the several previous similar instances where Strauss-Kahn apparently took sexual advantage of younger woman, quite similar to the Diallo attack. If this evidence is indeed available to the prosecution, then introducing it may have a powerful impact on the jury. It will go a long way to negate the defense of consent, and certainly be confirmatory proof that Diallo is telling the truth. Undoubtedly this proof of prior similar acts is highly prejudicial, and trial judges monitor this evidence carefully to insure that it is offered for a proper purpose that outweighs its prejudice. The purpose here will likely be to show that Strauss-Kahn intended to have his way with Diallo, and that his conduct was part of a pattern of his longstanding aggressive sexual behavior with younger women.

And then there is the testimony of Diallo herself. Obviously she can make the case for guilt if her testimony convinces twelve jurors beyond a reasonable doubt. Will it? This, obviously, is the biggest imponderable of all, and this comes down to a judgment call by the District Attorney. The defense will attempt to discredit her testimony by showing that she made some inconsistent statements, that she fabricated a rape to gain entry into the U.S., and that she may have suggested that she wanted money from Strauss-Kahn. However, judging by her public appearances and statements, she appears to be a poised, articulate, and passionate woman who when sitting confidently on the witness stand -- finally getting her "Day in Court," so to speak -- may be capable of convincing a jury that what she claims to have happened to her really did happen. Her demeanor on the witness stand will be a key component to whether she is believed. Obviously her report to the police investigators after the encounter was so detailed, powerful, and convincing that they made the very risky decision -- and clearly a decision that could easily be second-guessed, as it was heavily second-guessed -- to arrest a distinguished and powerful official.

But proving guilt in the U.S. criminal justice system places a huge burden on the prosecutor. Some prosecutors cheat to get a jury to find guilt, as prosecutor Nifong tried to do, and some prosecutors take the easy way out and offer a favorable plea bargain. And some prosecutors decide to drop the case entirely. There will be no cheating here, and there seems to be virtually no chance of a plea that would be acceptable to Strauss-Kahn. So the question is whether Vance will drop the case. Should he play God and decide on his own that no jury will convict? Should he play God and decide that it would be unjust in light of the conflicting evidence and the possibility that Strauss-Kahn may be innocent and has been unjustly accused to allow a jury to find guilt? Or should he let this controversial case that has captivated the attention of the public here and abroad be presented to an impartial jury, in a public courtroom, in a fair and objective way, with all the procedural protections our system offers, and without the intervention of the media to influence the jury's decision, and then, as trial lawyers say, let the chips fall where they may. That sounds like justice.

 
It's a classic courtroom battle -- David (Nafissatou Diallo), a poor immigrant chambermaid, against Goliath (Dominick Strauss-Kahn), a wealthy and powerful man, whom she accuses of a violent sexual at...
It's a classic courtroom battle -- David (Nafissatou Diallo), a poor immigrant chambermaid, against Goliath (Dominick Strauss-Kahn), a wealthy and powerful man, whom she accuses of a violent sexual at...
 
 
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lisaman
vote for your best interests or shut up
01:45 PM on 08/29/2011
Money conquers all? I wish I knew.
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04:38 PM on 08/30/2011
This is a rare case, men who don't have his money or status would have already been jailed. I think the maid is lying but it doesn't matter once a woman accuses it's guilty until proven guilty
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lisaman
vote for your best interests or shut up
08:49 AM on 08/31/2011
If he were poor then no one could accuse her for being in it for the money. I believed her from the start just from hearing her but then I too was once a victim, now a survivor. I think when you have been where she claimed to be, it brings back the feelings and it is hard to see the man's side. I sincerely hope that she was lying because if not this man has probably done this before and will probably do it again.
MA2AW
Anti-Obama on everything
07:58 PM on 08/26/2011
Don't mess with the help! Arnold in Cali, Bill in DC. Come on, all that money and no brains. Stupid! But I still like the part where she began tearing up!! Oscar for certain....
02:37 PM on 08/26/2011
The problem with the medical evidence is the witness lying about sexual encounters very close to the time of alledged assault. The hospital said there was evidence consistent with sexual assault because of bruising in the vaginal area and on her arms. She told the police DSK was the only person with whom she had recent sexual contact; DNA evidence proved that to be untrue. Consequently, whatever the hospital concluded about bruising could have been a result of other recent multiple sexual encounters. Medical experts have routinely testified that bruising in the vaginal area is not uncommon in consenual sexual encounters. This is similar to events in the Kobe Bryant case. Kate Faber told the police that she had no other sexual encounters during the period she had alledged sexual assault against Kobe. She also had bruising in the vaginal area, but DNA test also showed she had fresh semen in her underwear and vagina from three other men. Kobe's semen was not present in her vagina or underwear. In both cases, the men admitted to a consensual sexual encounter. The investigation was unable to prove otherwise.
06:37 PM on 08/25/2011
Well, here in California prosecutors have an ethical obligation to only bring cases that they believe have a reasonable likelihood of conviction. I imagine New York is similar. Even if prosecutors think the witness is telling the truth, if the evidence is weak enough they're not allowed to "roll the dice" with a jury.
08:00 PM on 08/23/2011
If there's evidence this woman lied to police, she should be charged.
bigdaveh
if you want rainbows, you have to put up with the
11:35 AM on 08/23/2011
The prosecution is thinking only in terms of winning the court of public opinion. As was shown on the Casey Anthony case, nobody knows how a jury will decide a case until all the evidence is presented. But it has to get to court first. And that's a tough call when someone is hoping for a political career, likely the D.A. Imagine going to court against someone who was one of the most powerful people on the planet, and he doesn't get convicted. Kiss that political carpet ride goodbye!
05:08 AM on 08/23/2011
The language in this article is troublesome to me, especially in the author's treatment of evidence. Evidence is either incriminating or not, regardless of whether it's presented. Medical evidence is sketchy or not, and the fact that an expert testifies about his/her medical report should not be the deciding factor; facts should be able to stand on their own. Maybe this type of rhetoric works in court, but I think most of us are capable of identifying the bias in this article.

As for Vance playing God, he's more likely to be shaking in his pants right now. No one wants to see where the money trail leads. I feel sorry for Ms. Diallou, who no doubt wanted to give her daughter a better life, and got entangled in something which could very well destroy her and her family. But a better life should not come at the expense of someone else's career and especially not at the expense of several countries' welfare. If anyone played God, it was the people behind this sordid set-up.
05:12 PM on 08/21/2011
From an ethical standpoint prosecutors can't go forward unless they believe they have a reasonable chance of winning the case at trial. If you want every accusation to go to court, even those that prosecutors don't think they can prove, you're going to tie up the court system even more. That takes time and money away from the cases that they can prove. The other concern, generally speaking, is the double jeopardy clause. If prosecutors have a case they believe in but feel they can't prove and they go to court and lose, that's it. If further damning evidence turns up later, that's too bad. They have one shot and have to take it wisely.
04:20 PM on 08/21/2011
The bottomline: DID a crime take place or didn't it? I would think there is sufficient evidence to move ahead with a trial. Despite what anyone thinks of either party involved, the facts are the accused ADMITTED to a sex act with the maid, but said it was consensual. The evidence is consistent with a sexual assault according to hospital records (bruising, etc). I also don't get his argument from a rational standpoint, without any coersion or force, this maid leaps into his room....and just offers herself to him? Did he say he paid her? It just doesn't add up. I understand she was less than forthcoming or even lied re some questions. That doesn't mean he didn't do it based upon the evidence. I say let it go to court since there is ample evidence to do so and let a jury decide. IF it were turned around and it was a wealthy woman filing a sexual assault complaint against a blue collar worker, with the SAME evidence, you can bet this would be going a whole different way. Just saying, let the evidence speak for itself in court, if he's found innocent, then let him go.
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Sanndy Myer
11:44 PM on 08/21/2011
Agreed...the jury is the trier of fact. (I think that there are many demographical factors that are playing to the decision to back away from this case.)
04:25 PM on 08/25/2011
F&F to both above ^^

if he was an African diplomat from Ivory Coast and she was a white blonde maid from Staten island ( lets even say an immigrant from the eastern Europe), they would be picking out a jury right about now...and the fact that she may not have been totaly truthful on her visa application, a dozen years ago would quickly be an inadmissable and irrelevant factor to the case.

This whole situation has been troubling and the prosecutors have looked every way to not take this to court. Present the case call on witnesses and let the facts of the incident speak for itself. If a jury acquitted him then, I would still not be thrilled, but at least she had her day in court. And from this Guy's History (who imo is way more incriminating than hers ) its seems like there is a strong pattern there to suggest a deviant at work.
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frenchfrog
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wardropper
Highly-detailed empty micro-bio
01:13 PM on 08/21/2011
Of course the prosecutors should play God.

All the accused do...
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Kache
Toodlum, wake up, I hear a prowler downstairs
02:37 AM on 08/21/2011
Sources say that the DA will offer a lengthy, detailed Recommendation for Dismissal in Tuesday, explaining why they do not believe Diallo's account will lead to a conviction. The recommendation will reveal details that have not yet been released to the public. The DA will not be allowed to offer such things as her immigration problems or involvement with what appears to be an interstate drug ring. Those are not germane to that indictment (though they may make it into a trial) and the motion Tuesday will be to dismiss that indictment. Keep in mind, that the head of the Manhattan Sex Crimes unit warned the DA that the evidence was not strong enough for an indictment, and that the world renowned Manhattan Sex Crimes was then taken off the case, and it's head, Lisa Friel, was fired a month later after ten years as head of the unit over an incident that had been resolved prior to this case.
02:55 PM on 08/20/2011
I'm sure it would be political suicide for the DA to try this case. The prosecutor is up against a lot of money. There is a different justice system for the rich. Law enforcement must tread much more carefully against the wealthy. They can fight back.

Some how I suspect that there just won't be enough evidence to bring it trial.
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Kache
Toodlum, wake up, I hear a prowler downstairs
02:52 AM on 08/21/2011
You've actually got it backwards. The money powers that the DA would worry about are right in NYC, and they certainly would want Strauss-Kahn in a black hole for the rest of his life. Had DSK made the trip to Europe Greece would have had a totally different type of bail-out (more like the ones the IMF used in 6 East European countries), and in a cascade of events that Simon Johnson explained a week before DSK's arrest, Goldman Sachs and Standard & Poor would have been out of business before the end of the year. That's what makes me believe the DA seriously doubts he could get a conviction - the money in NYC is solidly against Strauss-Kahn.
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wardropper
Highly-detailed empty micro-bio
01:13 PM on 08/21/2011
This is an interesting battle...
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
07:32 PM on 08/19/2011
It would be nice to see this case brought to trial. I'm afraid the recent headlines are foretelling of a dismissal next week. The maid is now being accused of obstructing justice through an attempt by her attorney to bribe the defense team with a cash settlement. Her lawyer flatly denies this, but one can plainly see that the prosecution is looking for a quick way out of this case, and he's using the rather unimaginative method of further destroying her reputation and credibility.
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frenchfrog
02:27 AM on 08/20/2011
. If her credibility is destroyed, she did it to herself by lying to investigators and to the Grand Jury about specific aspects of the alleged attack. The DA wouldn't have cared about past lies (ie on her tax returns) if she hadn't lied about what she did after the attack and if she hadn't been so convincing relating a gang rape she later admitted never happened.

The new extortion allegation is credible for the simple reason that it's not in the DA's nor in DSK's lawyers' interest to lie about something that serious. I believe both the prosecutors and the defense are too smart to just make up such an allegation so easily verifiable.

Thompson on the other hand has mishandled this case from the beginning and has behaved in a highly unethical and unprofessional manner by talking to the press and trying this case in a court of public opinion.
06:07 AM on 08/20/2011
"I believe both the prosecutor­s and the defense are too smart to just make up such an allegation so easily verifiable­."

Problem is that the allegations involve both Thompson and the defense, i.e., if proven true, DSK and his lawyers are just as guilty as Diallo's lawyer. Anyone who participates in a series of meetings which focus on financially settling a criminal case is complicit in a crime.

Thompson, as Diallo's private lawyer, does not even have the legal authority to plea bargain with the defendant or offer to make the criminal complaint go away with money as alleged. The prosecutor could continue with the charges regardless of whether Diallo or her lawyer wanted them dropped.

You would think the report would be easily verifiable. It's interesting that the defense team has declined comment on the subject.

By the way you have to be naive to believe that DSK and thousands of other "upright" citizens have never lied on their taxes. I'm not justifying any kind of tax fraud, but the amount of monies involved for Diallo represent a very small fraction of what is lost compared to the hundreds of domestic employees, such as nannies, etc., who get paid under the table so that their employers don't have to pay taxes on them. This is known as tax fraud. Also think about all the money lost to Americans as a result of all the offshore incorporations within tax havens.
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Kache
Toodlum, wake up, I hear a prowler downstairs
03:01 AM on 08/21/2011
That is all true - however, I do not believe that that activity, her taxes, her immigration problems, or involvement with an interstate drug ring are admissible in a motion for Recommendation for Dismissal. That motion will deal with the indictment, it is strictly a motion to dismiss the indictment. It will be interesting to see what new details emerge on Tuesday in that motion that casts doubt on the indictment. Basically a Recommendation for Dismissal says in effect, "If the Grand Jury had known this, they would not have indicted".