iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Bernard-Henri Lévy

Bernard-Henri Lévy

 

Answers to Three Questions About Libya

Posted: 03/28/11 07:17 PM ET

Is this a just war? The word seems to make people edgy. And the time of reasonable debate (without risk of attracting the thunder of sovereignist neopacifism) on this very old concept of political philosophy one would have thought had proven its theoretical validity, from the Dominican Francisco de Vitoria to the American Michael Walzer, is in the past. Then, let's say inevitable war. Let's say that, confronted with a rabid tyrant, when a people's right to self-determination becomes the right of the tyrant to determine their fate, when he, the tyrant, claims the double principle of sovereignty (a man's home is his castle; what happens within my borders is my affair and mine alone) and of equality of States before the law (a crazy putschist, a professional criminal, is equal to a democrat, therefore nothing and no one has the right to curb his bloodthirsty impulses), moral law dictates, yes, that one must intervene to stop him. This is what has just occurred in Libya. This is what the international community, spurred on by the Arab League and France, has just declared, with one voice, through Resolution 1973 of the Security Council. And anyone who contests that, any doctrinal quibbling that behind intervention one senses a hint of colonialism and arrogance, any abstentionism resembling that advocated by a hyper-conservative Germany currently consumed by short-term electoral considerations and consequently breaking the half-century long pact of "never again that" anti-fascism, any academic objections like those of philosophers waiting expectantly to discover the axioms and canons of the "communist hypothesis" they favor in the popular insurrection of Benghazi -- in short, all these little calculations amount to indifference, cynicism, and, whether one wishes or not, complicity with the crime.

Why Libya? Why not Bahrain, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen? Even if they contain a grain of truth, let us avoid the contingent replies. The reader can be spared the "because we were there and not someplace else". There is no need to insist upon the absurdity, with its Lewis Carroll-esque quality, of the objection, "since one cannot be everywhere, we must be nowhere". (This is, of course, the exact counterpart of the no less absurd neopacifist theorem whereby one should refuse to save civilians on the pretext of collateral damage that would imply, otherwise put : "for fear of military blunders, we must accept the massacres" or "we must let them die, because we don't want any cadavers".) However, we shall invoke the fortunate chain whereby from a moral action, that is to say one dictated by a maxim based upon a universal principle, other actions of the same nature, at least in thought, will ensue. Thus one will reply that, if an intervention is just, if it is intended to conform to a moral dictate more than the interests of its agents, it will itself provoke a flow of consequences that will threaten other tyrants, purely by its dissuasive effect. Plainly put, giving Gaddafi a free hand would have been tantamount to telling Assad and the other Salehs that they can rest easy, because democratic recess time is over. To stop him is to send the inverse signal and suggest to the same individuals that it is time to slow down, to compromise, perhaps to give up, unless they want to suffer the same fate. Jurisprudence Gaddafi. Dissuasion through Gaddafi. The name of Gaddafi, -- or, inversely, of Benghazi -- as a warning offered by a heretofore unheard of coalition of Western, Arab, and African States. Acting in Libya was, is, intervening in Bahrain, Yemen, and Riyad.

Third question. What happens next? What do you know about your insurgents ? And how do you know that this heteroclite gathering of historical opponents and former servants of the regime will lead to a new Libya? My answer is simple. Obviously, I am not naïve. In Benghazi, as elsewhere, I am past the age of idealism and of angelism. And between now and victory, I cannot see Mustafa Abdeljalil, a former minister who is now the head of the National Council of Transition, absorbing the complete works of de Tocqueville. And yet, there are the facts! We know, for example, that among the eleven members of the Council whose names have been made public, not one is an Islamist. We know that, among the twenty others, whose names are kept secret for the time being for reasons of security, there are representatives of all the regions of the country and that the danger of tribal conflict has been -- intentionally? -- overestimated. And I think that, even if the Council does not institute Churchillian parliamentarianism from one day to the next, it will inject into this broken country, ravaged by dictatorship, ruined by corruption and State gangsterism, a bit more democracy -- and that this "bit more" will be, already, a benediction. Should I add that anything is better than putting back in the saddle a man who assured us, in every possible way, that he had "renounced terrorism" but whose first reflex, on the eve of the intervention, was nonetheless to warn that "for every military plane you destroy, I will shoot down one of your civilian airplanes"? The alternatives in Libya are clear. Either terrorist insanity. Or the humble, patient, difficult, interminable invention of democracy. That's the way it is.

 
Is this a just war? The word seems to make people edgy. And the time of reasonable debate (without risk of attracting the thunder of sovereignist neopacifism) on this very old concept of political p...
Is this a just war? The word seems to make people edgy. And the time of reasonable debate (without risk of attracting the thunder of sovereignist neopacifism) on this very old concept of political p...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 51
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2  Next ›  Last »  (2 total)
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Dr. Jonathan David Farley
mathematician
01:13 PM on 03/30/2011
So the people supporting this crime, like Levy, are the heroes; and the people objecting to the crime are the criminals.

Let's shoot down Levy's argument like an Iranian civilian airliner:

The UN resolution was not a declaration of war. And "the international community" did not support even that resolution. That is why India, China, Germany, and Russia abstained, and India, Russia, China, and the head of the same Arab League whose authority Levy invokes have gone further, and oppose the bombings.

The only lesson other tyrants will draw from the attack on Libya---because it is Libya that Levy is attacking and not Qaddafi---is that if you have resources the Western pirates want, you had better get your nukes on.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
03:13 PM on 03/29/2011
President Barack Hussein Obama has so much respect for our country that he does not bother to go to congress for approval as past presidents have. No, instead he goes to the Arab League of Nations and the UN Security Council.

Then, showing again, his total lack of respect for our country and its citizens he waits 9 days after the conflict begins to address his country and citizens.

However, while in El Salvador (his final stop on his Latin America Trip) he had the time to speak with that country's reporters about the Libya situation

Makes us American Citizens feel just great when the leader of our country, who WORKS FOR US, ignores us but keeps other countries, who he does NOT WORK FOR, fully informed. Brings back memories of how he ignored the American Citizens and shoved the ObamaCare bill down our throats.

How can the American Citizens have respect for our president when he leads in such a manner?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
02:54 PM on 03/29/2011
President Barack Hussein Obama has no love for our great country. His actions and words have demonstrated this over and over again. Thank goodness the people of this country who truly love it have started to realize this. Come 2012 - President Barack Hussein Obama will become a past, one-term president.
billstewart
Not a micro-biologist
02:29 PM on 03/29/2011
There are lots of options - the West could have provided the rebels with Stinger missiles and let them implement their own no-fly zone, for instance, or the CIA could go assassinate Gaddhafi, or France could invade with a land army. The two bad choices BHL proposes aren't the only bad choices out there.

But for America, there's a problem BHL doesn't have to consider, which is that Obama initiated this war illegally, without authorization from Congress, and asserted that the President has the right to do that in the future. Congress would have probably approved it, had they been asked, but effectively we're being told that being elected to lead a democracy gives him the same military powers and lack of control that a corrupt crazy dictator has. So while BHL doesn't need to call for Obama to be impeached, Congress does.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eggsackley
Organic gardener & growers marketer.
10:17 AM on 03/30/2011
There simply was not enough time to save the rebels by supplying them with stinger missles and other weapons. Now that the anti-Ghadaffi alliance has bought them time, supplying them with arms should be a priority. One way to do this would be to turn the frozen Libyan assets over to them so they could buy both arms and food. Hopefully, they could buy both arms and training from the Egyptians. But, the quickest way to end this mess would be for the Arab League to send in ground troops. A coalition force led by the Egyptians could go in and crush any opposition by forces loyal to Ghadaffi. Ghadaffi would either flee or be captured and turned over to international authorities for trial. Once Ghadaffi is gone, the ground forces should leave immediately to avoid the kind of entanglement we faced in Afghanistan and Iraq. There might be chaos for awhile, but it would be best to let the Libyans work things out themselves once Ghadaffi is gone.
12:09 PM on 03/29/2011
Bernard_Henri your explanation does not cut it. How come it was the Libyans who won the humanitarian crises intervention sweepstakes? Why not the people of Darfur or the Congo, or the Ivory Coast? One cannot help feeling cynical concerning the claims of morality guiding the UN sponsored Libyan intervention. If there was truly a world opinion platform how is that countries that do not respect human rights and the full equality of women are recognized by that organization. It is time that a new organization be created that really stands for human rights and democracy and where theocracies and dictatorships would be disqualified from membership
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Eggsackley
Organic gardener & growers marketer.
10:27 AM on 03/30/2011
Lots of luck with that project! It took two world wars to get the U.N., and large numbers of people in this country want to pull us out of it. I would like to see real change in the U.N. The veto should be abolished and it should become a real world government with its own police and army. But, at present that is just a pipe dream.
11:03 AM on 03/29/2011
Thank you BHL. A solid rebuttal. We progressives need to reconsider the faux-arguments that seem to have become doctrine. My personal favorite is the "we cannot be everywhere, therefore we must be nowhere" line. The absolute consistency standard.

It's like saying to a life guard: How dare you save that child in front of you from drowning! There are children in other places downing too!
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Dr. Jonathan David Farley
mathematician
01:15 PM on 03/30/2011
No, it is like saying to a lifeguard, "How dare you save that child in front of you, because that child is very rich, while simultaneously drowning poor children!"
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Demitasse
Ars longa, vita brevis
10:45 AM on 03/29/2011
We in the West, so rich and so powerful, can afford to exercise our conscious whenever we deem it necessary. We have the luxury of caring whenever it best suits our needs. We also have the power to put our actions in the best possible light. Nevermind that we stood on the sidelines for years and coddled the very tyrants we now aim to overthrow. We were cowards then, businessmen, accomplices, but it's all good because we're now humanitarians. We're on the side of right, which equals might which has its eyes on all that oil.
lastpost
see biography
10:05 AM on 03/29/2011
“a man's home is his castle;”
But does possession of such a pile bestow upon its occupier a divine, in contrast to a democratic, right to rule?

“what happens within my borders is my affair and mine alone”
So the state of being human carries no entitlement, nor duty? To attempt attainment of a level of interaction surpassing that of other animals. Then we, and they, are surely doomed. By virtue of that absent virtue.

“Why Libya? Why not Bahrain, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen?”
The longest journey starts with a single step.

“one should refuse to save civilians”
if they are on the other side? Embrace that reasoning, and we might as well all be Gaddafis. We have you completely surrounded, for one purpose only. Purely that we may converse in peace.

“Third question. What happens next?”
When and if we can devise and deliver the physic that cures their ills. Perhaps we’ll see fit to treat ourselves.

“a benediction”
Be twice blessed. First by a constitution that enshrines the principle of polices mandated by the majority. Second, by the principle of one-being one-vote.

“Either terrorist insanity”.
Or, that madness that manifests when all real alternatives are barred.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Dr. Jonathan David Farley
mathematician
01:17 PM on 03/30/2011
You really think the US is about to overthrow the government of Saudi Arabia? You're dismissed.
09:27 AM on 03/29/2011
We have killed untold tens of thousands of innocent civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan so for us to claim this intervention in Libya is for humanitarian reasons does not ring true at all. People who believe this are extremely naive at the very least.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Dr. Jonathan David Farley
mathematician
01:17 PM on 03/30/2011
Moreover, people who believe the rest of the world will believe it are fooling themselves.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jaczar
Humanity above Profit
09:07 AM on 03/29/2011
Some form of democracy is a good thing. The proper way to obtain democracy is from within, a movement by the people who are affected by the situation. As in Egypt. Democracy inflicted by guns, bombs, rockets and grenades, is as bad as no democracy at all. The U.S. holding up its democratic roots for all to see and copy is the ideal. To say we must spend our treasure when we absolutely cannot afford it, or sacrifice the lives of our precious youth for some experience in some foreign land is folly. No Mr. President, we do NOT need to be the world leader. We cannot afford the lives or the treasure to maintain that role. Nor do we have the mandate from the rest of the world. That kind of arrogance produces blowback from those who are offended by such an attitude (think 9/11, it wasn't because they hate us for our freedoms, trust me). If there was no profit to be made, no oil to be had, we would not have opened the powder keg of the Middle East in the first place. And Syria looms just over the horizon. Our next attempt at conquest? Enough, already.
11:13 AM on 03/29/2011
The difference between Egypt and Libya is that Mubarak was not willing, or able, to inflict mass slaughter on the Egyptian public. Gaddafi was. Therefore, there was a need for a different solution.

Even Gandhi conceded that in the face of tyrants bent on mass slaughter, nonviolent opposition could very well fail.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
12:34 PM on 03/29/2011
"The difference between Egypt and Libya is that Mubarak was not willing, or able, to inflict mass slaughter on the Egyptian public."

"CAIRO - An Egyptian committee set up to investigate violence during demonstrations that toppled Hosni Mubarak has laid charges against the former president for the murder of protesters, a state newspaper said.

The committee had also accused the former interior minister of ordering police to open fire at demonstrators, Al Ahram newspaper said on Wednesday.

The Public Prosecutor later referred Habib al-Adli and four other high-ranking officers for trial on charges of killing protesters, disrupting stability and of spreading “chaos in the country“ that harmed Egypt’s economy, a statement said.

More than 360 people died in the uprising and thousands were injured when police fired rubber bullets, live ammunition, water cannon and tear gas at peaceful protesters."

http://www.torontosun.com/news/world/2011/03/23/17727261.html
09:01 AM on 03/29/2011
So Gaddafi is fine up until now, but now he's awful and has to go. The Arab league asked for help, but didn't want bombings of targets. AQ ties to rebels. We never even made a peep about Rwanda or Darfur or how many other humanitarian causes.

But NOW we have to make an example
11:14 AM on 03/29/2011
So what exactly is your argument? Because we failed to do things elsewhere, at other times and in other places, we should fail to do something in Libya? Why should we be consistent in our inaction?
03:23 PM on 03/29/2011
It calls into heavy question the validity of the "humanitarian" view. We don't care about the dictators in the ME until they become a serious problem. Then, all of the sudden, we suddenly declare them to be bad and they must be gotten rid of. Saddam, Mubarak, Gadhafi, etc. Time after time, we've proven that we don't care what happens until it starts to become a problem for us.

So what's the real problem this time? Is it oil? I don't know, but what I do know is this humanitarian spin is a flat out ridiculous lie
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Dr. Jonathan David Farley
mathematician
01:19 PM on 03/30/2011
Our argument is that we see through you.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
08:51 AM on 03/29/2011
"Western oil companies operating in Libya have privately warned that their operations in the country may be nationalised if Colonel Muammer Gaddafi’s regime prevails.

Executives, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the rapidly moving situation, believe their companies could be targeted, especially if their home countries are taking part in air strikes against Mr Gaddafi. Allied forces from France, the UK and the US on Saturday unleashed a series of strikes against military targets in Libya.

“It is certainly a concern. There are good reserves there,” said one executive at a western oil company with operations in Libya. “We have lost some of our production [because all operations have stopped] but our bigger concern is what will happen to the exploratory work as that gives you a future rather than the immediate impact,” he added. "

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/67d1d02a-5314-11e0-86e6-00144feab49a.html#axzz1HuG9EEKT
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
07:25 AM on 03/29/2011
I reject the default position that the West has a right to intervene. The resolution passed on Libya was done so without any consultation with Libyans.

That speaks volumes.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Jaczar
Humanity above Profit
09:09 AM on 03/29/2011
Amen, brother brit!
11:15 AM on 03/29/2011
Really? The Libyan public, and the opposition leadership, was clamoring for the intervention. This includes the Libyan government's Ambassador to the UN, who supported the resolution against his 'government!'
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
05:28 PM on 03/29/2011
Yes, really. The CONTENT of the resolution, how far the USA could go, what weapons were okay, which weren't, the length of time and so on.

All of these points were decided without consulting the people. And as for that ambassador, I'd trust him as much as you would Benedict Arnold.
01:18 AM on 03/30/2011
"The Libyan public, ....., was clamoring for the interventi­on."

Really, which part of the "The Libyan public" are you reff
erring to ?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Laurent Wagner
05:35 AM on 03/29/2011
Libyan rebel commander admits his fighters have al-Qaeda links

Abdel-Haki­m al-Hasidi, the Libyan rebel leader, was a member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, he fought against "the foreign invasion" in Afghanista­n, before being "captured in 2002 in Peshwar, in Pakistan.

He has said jihadists who fought against allied troops in Iraq are on the front lines of the battle against Muammar Gaddafi's regime.

Idriss Deby , Chad's president, said al-Qaeda had managed to pillage military arsenals in the Libyan rebel zone and acquired arms, including surface-to-air missiles, which were then smuggled into their sanctuaries.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8407047/Libyan-rebel-commander-admits-his-fighters-have-al-Qaeda-links.html
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cayuse
Soaring Eagle, soaring to Spirit from the ego self
05:05 AM on 03/29/2011
What is obvious to me that in each of these Middle Eastern countries there is MASS Poverty.

It has been the stimulas of all these revolutions. But once again the west is eager to substitute a FREE VOTE for all the Prospertiy and Justice the people seek.

Was America create for a vote. NO, individual rights and free choice.. America has lost its way and cannot find which end is up or down. Which is so obvious. Rich on one side and poor on the other