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Bernard-Henri Lévy

Bernard-Henri Lévy

Posted: February 15, 2010 06:47 PM

Why I Support a Ban on Burqas

What's Your Reaction:

People say, "The burqa is a dress, at most a costume. We're not going to make laws about clothing and costumes." Error. The burqa is not a dress, it's a message, one that clearly communicates the subjugation, the subservience, the crushing and the defeat of women.

People say, "Perhaps it's subjugation, but it's done with consent. Get it out of your mind that malicious husbands, abusive fathers, and local tyrants are forcing the burqa on women who don't want to wear it." Fine. Except that voluntary servitude has never held water as an argument. The happy slave has never justified the fundamental, essential, ontological infamy of slavery. And, from the Stoics to [19th century thinker] Elisée Reclus, from Schoelcher to Lamartine to Tocqueville, all who rejected slavery provided us with every possible argument against the minor added outrage that consists of transforming victims into the authors of their own misery.

People evoke freedom of religion and conscience, freedom for each of us to choose and practice the religion of his or her choice; in the name of what can anyone forbid the faithful to honor God according to the rules indicated in their sacred texts? Another sophism, for -- and it can never be repeated enough -- the wearing of the burqa corresponds to no Koranic prescription. There is no verse, no text of the Sunna that obliges women to live in this prison of wire and cloth that is the full-body veil. There is not a shoyoukh, not one religious scholar, who is unaware that the Koran does not consider showing the face "nudity" any more than it does showing the hands. And I'm not even mentioning those who tell their congregations loudly and clearly, as Hassan Chalghoumi, the courageous Imam of Drancy, did today, that wearing a full-body veil is downright anti-Islamic.

People say, "Let's not confuse things! Be careful, drawing attention to the burqa may encourage an Islamophobia -- itself a form of racism in disguise -- that's just dying to explode. We closed the door on this racism, preventing it from infiltrating the debate on national identity. Are we going to let it sneak back in through the window in this discussion of the burqa?" Still another sophism, tireless but absurd, for one has nothing to do with the other. Islamophobia -- and it can never be repeated enough -- is obviously not racism. Personally, I am not Islamophobic. I am far too concerned with the spiritual and the dialogue among spiritualities to feel any hostility towards one religion or another. But the right to freely criticize them, the right to make fun of their dogmas or beliefs, the right to be a non-believer, the right to blasphemy and apostasy -- all these were acquired at too great a cost for us to allow a sect, terrorists of thought, to nullify them or undermine them. This is not about the burqa, it's about Voltaire. What is at stake is the Enlightenment of yesterday and today, and the heritage of both, no less sacred than that of the three monotheisms. A step backwards, just one, on this front would give the nod to all obscurantism, all fanaticism, all the true thoughts of hatred and violence.

And then, people finally say, "But what are we talking about here, anyway? How many cases? How many burqas? Why all this uproar for a few thousand, maybe just a few hundred, burqas to be found in the entirety of French territory, why dig up this arsenal of regulations, why pass a law?" That's the most popular argument at present and, for some, the most convincing. But in reality, it's as specious as all the others. For one of two things is true. Either it's just a game, an accoutrement, a costume (cf. above), if you will, in which case tolerance would be the suitable response. Or else we're talking about an offense to women, a blow to their dignity, a blatant challenge to the fundamental republican rule -- earned at what cost as well -- of equality between the sexes. In that case, it is a question of principle. And when principles are involved, the number is of no consequence. Supposing we called into question the laws of 1881 (outlining the fundamentals of freedom of the press and of expression in France) on the pretext that attacks on the freedom of the press have become rare? And, considering the declining incidence of racist or antisemitic attacks, what would we think of someone who suggested the abolition or even the watering down of current pertinent legislation? If the burqa is really, as I am saying, an affront to women and to their secular struggle for equality, it is, moreover, an insult to the women who, at the very hour I write these words, are demonstrating barefaced in Iran against a regime of assassins who claim the burqa among their symbols. This symbol would divide humanity between those of glorious body, graced with no less glorious a face, and those whose bodies and faces are an outrage in the flesh, a scandal, a filthy thing not to be seen but hidden or neutralized. And that is why, if there is even one woman in France, just one, who enters a hospital or the city hall imprisoned in a burqa, she must be set free.

For all these reasons of principle, I am in favor of a law that clearly and plainly declares that wearing a burqa in the public area is anti-republican.

 
 
 
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10:43 AM on 03/13/2010
Telling people what they can't wear is the same as dictating what they can wear.
04:29 PM on 02/21/2010
Not being clear on how wearing the burqa came about, I found a pretty good article.

http://middleeasternaffairs.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_burqa_controversy
08:56 AM on 02/21/2010
Here's the problem: As you and other Westerners declare yourselves liberators of Muslim women, you are often doing far more harm than good. I worked at a Gulf Arab women-only university for 5 years (yes, they allowed male teachers) with most of my students wearing the niqab and ALL w/earing shalyas and abayas. I was privileged to get to know part of this sort of off-limits segment of the population, and many of the assumptions that westerns make about these women are woefully off base. First off, for many, covering up is a BIG part of their freedom! Covered up, they can go off and do things and live normal lives within the context of their culture. Unless you're going to change the whole culture there, you may actually be sentencing women to house arrest. If you ban just the burqa, that should be fine because nearly nobody in France wears them anyway. If you ban niqabs with it, you may have just banned the freedom of the women you so self-righteously claim to be liberating. Do you think that the families of these women are just going to say, "oh, it's banned, do what you want" ? Not likely. Moreover, many of them feel very uncomfortable not being covered. You mention if just one woman is "liberated," it's worth it. Well, by "liberating" that one woman, you may be somewhat imprisoning a lot more.
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09:18 AM on 02/21/2010
Although I respect your argument, this blog relates to the banning of burqas in France, not in the Middle East. So the "over there" is inconsequential. We should let the French determine their own culture.

Criticizing Western countries for banning the burqa is akin to criticizing Middle Eastern countries for not banning the burqa. Careful not to cross the line into hypocracy.
09:27 AM on 02/21/2010
First of all, France is about 15% Muslim--they are FRENCH and they are Muslim, so it's not about the French determining their culture: It's about a majority being able to discriminate against a minority well, because they're the majority and they can. Secondly, I wasn't referring to the Middle East except in first part. I can see how it might read that way, but I had to edit it down for word count. Banning Islamic stuff isn't going to change the culture, and Muslim women in France may end up being more restricted because of the ban, not liberated.
08:01 AM on 02/21/2010
Freedom of expression should stand wherever one is not directly harming another person.

Although I find everything the burqa stands for diabolical, many Islamic women honestly prefer to cover themselves based on their own religious ideas and cultural context.

The question is not: "Does that patriarchal culture have the right to subjugate women by forcing the burqa upon them?".
That is a straw man. The question is "Does that individual woman have the right to wear the burqa if she so chooses?"

Forcing them NOT to wear it is another form of paternalism, just by the state rather than by their culture.

We can't ban symbols of religion - we must instead ban religious involvement in state processes - schools, healthcare, politics. Educate people, and then let good ideas win out over bad ones.
07:48 AM on 02/21/2010
So what do we do with the women who repeatedly defy liberation? Deportation? Not so liberating really. How about a huge reintegration burka on the edge of town? There we can adequately assess whether or not they actually want to wear the thing in the first place and decide how to proceed.
06:59 AM on 02/21/2010
Let's make a law we can't logically enforce because we're oh-so tolerant and caring. Who gets punished for disobedience vis a vis this law? What is the punishment? Strike another blow for the ironically sophist philosophy of Bernard-Henri Lévy. Classic.
03:36 AM on 02/21/2010
and if someone BANNED YOUR style of clothing?
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
lisakaz2
Da ministero dell'interno di Snark.
03:09 AM on 02/21/2010
For me the issue is identity and the burqa robs women of it, whether their eyes are covered with a mesh or not. In any public transaction or encounter, criminal, legitimate or as casual as passing in the street, we all should know have the opportunity to see who we come across. We could identify later, if need be, or they can remind us of who she is. I mean if you don't make a rule you will have the chaos of burqa-covered women trying to use that for a driver's license or perhaps conceal shoplifting or who knows. I don't mind how they cover their hair or neck or body. That doesn't erase identity entirely, not like a face covering does. Do we need someone to rob a bank in a burqa for this to be obvious? Hiding the face has been an evasion when it's done for a purpose. I think in this case there is also an evasion but it's suppression of humanity. That should be a point that no modern society should cross.
03:37 AM on 02/21/2010
and if your Jeans were banned because they are too sensual making children think of sex too early before they are ready?
05:34 AM on 02/21/2010
You are insane. I love it.
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07:35 AM on 02/21/2010
How is wearing something "too sensual" a suppression of humanity?

Isn't that a symbol of liberation?
05:36 AM on 02/21/2010
This whole comment was about YOU and YOUR views--not about the women themselves. Also, even in Muslim countries, women do not get driver's licenses with their faces covered--they're photographed in a room by a woman. The robbing a bank comment was kinda silly since people use all sorts of coverings to rob banks. Should we outlaw pantyhose, ski masks, or clown masks. I imagine your motive is good, but it's really very arrogant of westerners to assume that just because it runs counter to their cultural beliefs that it should banned. Moreover, France has a long history of brutality against Muslims in their colonies, and while I recognize that today's France is different, the cultural superiority complex is alive and well.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
lisakaz2
Da ministero dell'interno di Snark.
03:15 PM on 02/21/2010
There was a woman who tried to use her face covering for her driver's license in this US -- I think it was Florida. I didn't make that up. And there has been bombers disguising themselves with burqas. None of the things you mention are designed for use in crime or to publicly conceal identity. I think a ban serves the purpose of ending the issue and even protecting women from religious reprisals. And it serves a national public interest.
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SadButWiser
03:03 AM on 02/21/2010
I though fashion is about sending a message... making a statement ..not just a piece of cloth.
01:49 AM on 02/21/2010
A law banning burqas is the opposite of freedom. You can't give someone freedom by taking away someone else's freedom. Do you really believe that no woman in France wears the burqa via her own free will? Maybe it is a symbol of the oppression of women, but couldn't the Christian bible be considered the same? Should that be banned?

Should the state have the right to make the call? The majority over the minority? Maybe in France. I sure hope not in the US.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
lisakaz2
Da ministero dell'interno di Snark.
03:11 AM on 02/21/2010
Don't you have the right to know who you're dealing with? Do you think a woman with a face mesh should be driving a car?
05:38 AM on 02/21/2010
They don't wear the face mesh Afghan-style burqas in France. Women drive veiled in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa. The term burqa here is a misnomer anyway--they wear niqabs.
03:55 AM on 02/21/2010
"A law banning burqas is the opposite of freedom. You can't give someone freedom by taking away someone else's freedom"

Logical fallacy. I'll point you to Levy's example in the reading: slavery. You're statement is pretty sounding but lacks any real meaning to adults.

"Do you really believe that no woman in France wears the burqa via her own free will?'

You've never heard of Stockholm syndrome, I take it.

"Maybe it is a symbol of the oppression of women, but couldn't the Christian bible be considered the same?"

I actually agree with you here, but it's completely irrelevant to bring this up. It's a diversion tactic on your part.

The rest of this comment is more meaningless word vomit. I guess all I can say is: welcome to a world with governments that has rejected anarchy.
04:42 PM on 02/21/2010
"Logical fallacy." I wasn't making an argument. I was defining freedom. Many here,or progressives in general, don't really understand the concept. Based on your response, I'll assume you may be a progressive.

Stockholm Syndrome? Is that how you justify taking away an adult female's right to wear what she wishes? Now I know you're a progressive.

"It's a diversion tactic on your part." It's an analogy.

I don't mind a world with governments. I just don't want the governments to be all powerful. You may feel the same way someday when they try to make one of your beliefs illegal.
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Rockwell
Recovering Reagan republican. 26 years sober.
01:03 AM on 02/21/2010
Thank you for bringing into focus my own wandering thoughts on the subject. The Burqas are not a fashion statement or a religious statement. They are a violation of human rights. And human rights trump any other form of expression.

I especially like your observation that just because a slave is complient does not make slavery any less heinous or illegal.

Modern societies cannot tolerate the primative message that woman are the facelss, souless property of men.
01:25 AM on 02/21/2010
good comment.
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SadButWiser
03:11 AM on 02/21/2010
They are only property of men when they marry and change their names to Mrs. xxx..
charles77
Just the Facts Please
12:48 AM on 02/21/2010
France and all of Europe have been in this fight longer than our country has existed. And remember, 911 tactics were developed after a failed attack on the Eiffel Tower. And Air France jet was hijacked and the pilots were ordered at gunpoint to fly into the Eiffel Tower, they refused. OBL then knew he would have to get terrorists trained as pilots so they could kill the pilots and fly the plane themselves.

Look at Europe, in some countries, Islam is the fastest growing faith and is already at 20%. They don't have to "invade" as much as "immigrate" and "convert".
If you read OBL's own writings, his goal is Muslim conversion of the West and the world, by sword if necessary.
So our choice and Europe's choice is "fight" or "convert" and this has been so for over 1000 years.
Remember, Constantinople was once the capitol of Orthodox Christianity, it is now called Istanbul.
05:20 AM on 02/21/2010
Yes. There's been an ongoing push and pull in the region for centuries. But while Istanbul was once Constantinople - the Ottoman Empire is gone. More recently, due to European colonialism, Syria became also Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine. And due to American corporate interests, Saudi Arabia became what it is today.

It goes both ways.
08:15 PM on 02/17/2010
Mr Levy', thank you for this well thought out & well written article. I notice, few have been able to dispute it. Bravo!
08:36 AM on 02/18/2010
Mr. B-H L's opinion is certainly in dispute. Dozens of contributors to this thread have done it thoughtfully in an exceptional give and take. If you agree with him, just say so.
10:48 PM on 02/18/2010
Obviously something I said touched a nerve......as usual......you have your take on things , I have mine, difference is I'm not condemning you for yours , even if I don't agree with it.
06:48 PM on 02/17/2010
I choose to wear a full body disguise whenever I am out in public.

Got a problem with that????
06:53 PM on 02/17/2010
Yes we do. You should be arrested and/or fined if refusing to take off your face cover to enter any public place in a civilized country.
Gotta problem with that?
07:14 PM on 02/17/2010
actually I agree with you completely.
04:10 PM on 02/17/2010
"I am very fond of truth, but not at all of martyrdom. "
Voltaire
08:53 AM on 02/18/2010
"A witty saying proves nothing."
- Voltaire
01:14 AM on 02/21/2010
"Form Blazing Sword!"
-Voltron
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07:25 AM on 02/21/2010
LOL