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Beth Kobliner

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How Would a U.S. Default Affect Consumers?

Posted: 07/29/11 01:10 PM ET

As recently as last week, the story about Washington's wrangling over the debt limit seemed like inside-the-Beltway baseball.

But now, with the week nearly over, and yet still no agreement, the potential ramifications of political dickering are hitting all too close to home for many Americans.

We all know the basics: If the government doesn't approve an increase in the nation's $14.3 trillion debt ceiling by next Tuesday -- August 2 -- the U.S. will be perilously close to defaulting on some of its loans. And even if Congress manages to pass the ceiling hike, rating agencies like Standard & Poor's and Moody's (which, might I add, have suddenly decided to do their jobs, after being asleep at the switch throughout the mortgage crisis!) seem ready to downgrade the triple-A rating on U.S. Treasury bonds at any moment.

President Obama summed it up best when he used the word "dysfunctional" in describing the way Congress is handling this admittedly avoidable situation. To me, it conjures up a couple loudly arguing in the mall about whether they should use another credit card when they have so many bills that they've already racked up. Debt can be overwhelming to anyone, but talk about airing one's dirty laundry in public.

Not a proud moment for America, for sure.

What's been particularly interesting about this recent situation is that expert investors have reacted to these developments with what can be called a big yawn. "The bond market has been saying this is a non-event," says Peter Crane, president of Crane Data and the country's leading expert on money market mutual funds.

Fair enough. But as more and more news reports raise red flags about the meaning of a default or downgrade for Main Street, now is the time to pay attention to the following:

1. Your investments

Although I think the doomsday scenario is overblown -- there is little chance that the government will allow itself to default -- many people are beginning to ask questions.

My biggest piece of advice: Stay the course. If you've been checking in yearly with your 401(k) and IRA statements, for instance, hopefully you have made sure that your investments are spread among the appropriate mix of stocks, bonds, and money funds. If so, whatever happens in the short term shouldn't have a big impact on your long-term retirement goals. If not, now is the time to make sure that you are truly diversified.

Here's an example. About 10 years ago, analysts recommended that individuals with retirement accounts put only 10 percent of their stock holdings into an international mutual fund. Today, a growing number of advisors I admire recommend that you put closer to 20 percent of your total stock holdings in a broad mix of international stock mutual funds. "It's smart to include Europe, the Pacific, and emerging markets," says Jason Scott, managing director of the research center at Financial Engines, the retirement advisory firm founded by Nobel laureate William Sharpe.

One of the big worries right now: What if I'm holding long-term Treasury bonds and the U.S. government defaults or the bonds get downgraded? The answer, in either case, is that yields will be pushed up to attract new investors to these bonds, which will no longer be considered as safe. When yields go up, bond values fall. That's just how bonds work.

However, most analysts I spoke to say that they are not worried about super-safe money market funds "breaking the buck," despite what some articles claim. The reason: If the rating agencies decide to downgrade Treasury bonds, they would be doing so to the long-term bonds. This would not impact money market funds, which hold very short-term IOUs. So if you keep a chunk of money in money funds, your investment is safe, according to Gus Sauter, Chief Investment Officer of the Vanguard Group. "The U.S. money markets continue to be the deepest and most liquid in the world, and will remain a safe and stable place for investors," he said. Even if there's a downgrade, he and others note, it's still among the highest quality credit available. "We believe that Treasury bills will remain liquid under any scenario -- even the extraordinarily unlikely scenario of a default," he added.

Although true diversity can mean exposure to all asset classes, despite the temptation, you may want to steer clear of gold. Since it's considered the "go-to" asset in severely troubled economic times, gold has recently hit its all-time nominal high of $1,600 per ounce. Buying at a high tends to be a bad move. And, as in the case with all investments, research shows that it's impossible to outguess the market over time. Those who try end up making big, losing bets -- and incurring expensive transaction costs since they are charged fees every time they buy or sell on a hunch.

2. Your bank account and your cash

One prominent writer recently said that it was time to pull money out of the bank to avoid long lines and panic at the ATM if Congress doesn't increase the debt ceiling. Although it makes an interesting visual, no one expects a run on the banks any time soon. Unless you have more than $250,000 in any one federally insured account at a bank or credit union, your money is protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). So in order for you to lose your money, the institution would have to fail and the FDIC would have to go belly up, as well. Even a so-called "technical default" by the U.S., which is the term given to a situation in which the government is unable to pay its bills, or a downgrade of our bonds by one of the rating agencies, would not result in this type of financial catastrophe, experts say.

It's possible, however, that your dollar may not stretch as far in the supermarket or at the mall if the government doesn't get its act together. If the dollar becomes weaker relative to other currencies, the cost of imports -- including cars, gas, toys, furniture, even food -- increases.

In the case of a default, you may experience a cash crunch if you are expecting a check from Social Security or Medicare, or if you're receiving unemployment insurance, Pell Grant payments, or disbursements from any other federal programs.

3. Your loans

Whether or not the debt ceiling gets lifted, or bonds get downgraded, there's a strong likelihood that interest rates will rise on all loans -- including mortgages, credit cards, car loans, and many types of student loans. That's because interest rates on these types of loans are closely correlated to the yields on long-term bond rates, which are in turn influenced by the market's expectations of how well the economy will do in the future. These days, the outlook is weak, and so many analysts expect yields and interest rates to rise.

So what does this mean? If you're locked into a home loan, currently at 4.5 percent, lucky you. But if you're just starting to house hunt, or trying to refinance your current mortgage, you should hurry to lock in a low rate as quickly as possible.

Credit card interest rates will go up, too. The average rate is currently 14 percent, but credit card companies love to use any excuse to raise rates for customers. Beverly Blair Harzog, credit expert for Credit.com, guesses rates could rise as much as 1 percent or a couple of percentage points. If you have a good credit record, look for a low-rate card at Bankrate.com.

For college and grad students, rates on private student loans will go up. Typically those loans haven't gone above 25 percent, but legally speaking, there's no real limit to the interest they can charge, says Mark Kantrowitz, founder of FinAid.org, a terrific site offering the best information on financial aid. The good news for students with federal loans is that they do have caps: 6.8 percent for Stafford loans and 8.5 percent for PLUS loans. A tip for grad students: Stick with the Grad PLUS loan, which is also capped at 8.5 percent, but does not have a maximum on the amount you can borrow. That's a real advantage of the federal program -- and an example of how, sometimes, the government really can do the right thing.

Of course, in the end, it's the best guess of analysts, observers, and pundits that the powers that be will not allow the U.S. to default on its obligations. After all, losing the value of "the full faith and credit" of the U.S. would be more than a big loss to our wallets.

* * * * *
Beth Kobliner is a personal finance commentator and journalist, the author of the New York Times bestseller "Get a Financial Life: Personal Finance in Your Twenties and Thirties," and a member of the President's Advisory Council on Financial Capability. Visit her at bethkobliner.com, follow her on Twitter, and fan her on Facebook.
 
 
 
As recently as last week, the story about Washington's wrangling over the debt limit seemed like inside-the-Beltway baseball. But now, with the week nearly over, and yet still no agreement, the poten...
As recently as last week, the story about Washington's wrangling over the debt limit seemed like inside-the-Beltway baseball. But now, with the week nearly over, and yet still no agreement, the poten...
 
 
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07:50 PM on 07/30/2011
I love how you alleged policy wonks think- put 10-20% of your money in foreign investments, the FDIc insures your accounts under $250,000, and credit card interest rates may only rise perhaps 1%.

Ms Kobliner may I give you a lesson in the real world?
1. Putting money in foreign investments and multi-nationals is killing any chance of investment in our great Nation. We have to invest in financial opportunities that create capital, jobs and demand here.
2. How far will the monies on hand @ FDIC go towards covering all those savings accounts?;how long will it last?; who gets paid first?;how long will the banks be closed, at the insistence of the Treasury?;does the Treasury have callable funds in all banks and would the Treasury call for return of all 0.75% money loaned to the banks?
3. Interest on credit cards will shoot through the roof if this calamity runs past 30 or 60 days.
4. Will college students be able to get their loans for the upcoming school year? How about grants too?

I think an MBA in the hands of the many is really bad for this country. Used to be said- I'm going to school to be a banker if I can't be that I'll be a doctor if I can't be that I'll be a lawyer if I can't be that I'll be a preacher. Now it's said if I can't be anything else I'll be an MBA!
02:40 PM on 07/30/2011
Dysfunctional one of the better words to describe the Obama Presidency. They said they would down grade without $4 Trillion in Cuts of course they are under a lot of pressure (Global Political and Wall Street) not to because of ripple effects. Money Market funds are not safe enough to be insured like FDIC savings, although a Bank Run would severely test guarantee.
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Hoosierbrad
I know it when I see it.
08:28 PM on 07/30/2011
If you think the Obama administration is dysfunctional, then what must you think the House of Representatives - the Speaker cannot even get his caucus to agree on any rational piece of legislation.
Democrat in the South
Empathy, the most important word
11:38 PM on 07/30/2011
"Think" is the KEY word here....
12:51 PM on 07/30/2011
beth: stop lying about us being close to default!

it only takes about 20 billion or so to meet our current debt obligations. the treasury takes in about 170 billion a month.

this is more than enough to pay interest on the current debt, pay social security, pay medicare and pay the military salaries with many tens of billions left over!
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Hoosierbrad
I know it when I see it.
08:24 PM on 07/30/2011
Of course, that would mean that the POTUS would be empowered to decide who gets paid, and when. Find the authority for that in the US Constitution. The problem already exists that Congress, one-half of which is Republican controlled, has mandated, in the form of appropriations that certain sums get spent; which said sums are greater than the amount of money that comes in the form of revenue each month. There is also the problem that the government does not have a huge cash reserve and the 170 billion you speak of does not all come in at the first of the month; but Social Security checks do go out early.
Democrat in the South
Empathy, the most important word
11:40 PM on 07/30/2011
Allrighty then, are you saying this is NOT a crisis, and that all this is made up BS by the teabaggers?

If the Government has plenty of money, what's this all about?
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ssnt
Asknotwhatyorcountrycando4uaskwhtucando4yorcountry
09:50 AM on 07/30/2011
What will happen to CDs and savings account rates?
11:38 PM on 07/30/2011
They will probably remain around zero. LOL
07:54 AM on 07/30/2011
How in the world did this women get on one of Obama's advisory commitees? She actually makes sense!
05:22 PM on 07/30/2011
Makes sense? We can only default on our interest payments if Obama decides not to pay them. We take in about $220B per month in revenue and our interest payments are about $20B so how are we "close to default?"

If she really believes this (and I suspect its just scare tactics) then she shouldn't be on any commission!!
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Hoosierbrad
I know it when I see it.
08:25 PM on 07/30/2011
Our bills exceed $290 billion per month. Try spending that without borrowing.
07:51 PM on 07/30/2011
She had people "fluff" her on Facebook, naturally!
06:58 AM on 07/30/2011
if the fed defaults, who pays out FDIC? and FDIC insures all money in banks at all, really. as such, if all that money had to be repaid, where would the money come from?
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Robert SF
08:21 PM on 07/30/2011
Ths issue isn't that we don't have money. We have plenty of money to pay our bills. This is a made up crisis from the very start. Raising the debt limit is not linked to cutting the public debt. It's just that this time around, the Republicans have decided to link the two issues.

If this were a family, it would be like Mom refusing to pay this month's credit card bill unless Dad promises never again to buy his damn power tools with it. And Dad is trying to talk Mom down from such a position, arguing that he should be able to buy battery operated tools on the credit card. So the Republicans are like Mom, and the Democrats are like Dad. But the problem isn't that there's no money. The problem is just that Mom is sick and tired of Dad having so much fun with his power tools, so she wants to put an end to that. The thing is, if Mom doesn't pay the bill, she can't charge things either, and worse, it's the kids who really suffer.
09:29 PM on 07/30/2011
Wow...How incredibly naive.
11:40 PM on 07/30/2011
The republicans will bring down the country just to make Obama look bad. Mitch McConnell publicly stated their goal was to make Obama a one term president! What more do we need to know?
Democrat in the South
Empathy, the most important word
11:45 PM on 07/30/2011
THAT'S a scary thought.
05:13 AM on 07/30/2011
Consumers have more to worry about in this than their investments and bank accounts. Since we are in a faith based economic world, consumer confidence runs the show. The American political and financial world is seen already in a dim light by many.

It is the unsubstantial that would effect consumers most. The guilty parties have made hedges and options and arrangements to profit from an American collapse. Consumers would be left to hold the empty bag and bail out the corrupt folks who control the economy and our politics.

Bank account, 401K and loans.... man that will be the least of it. I think 80% of US debt is not government debt is is private debt, where is the debt ceiling on that? Consumers are going to be bled dry. "Never give a sucker an even break" , the comedian W.C. Fields said, it is the new motto of the United States. You know full faith and credit and all that nonsense.
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Robearbeach
Atty. & Researcher Latin American Studies
09:20 PM on 07/29/2011
"Whether or not the debt ceiling gets lifted, or bonds get downgraded, there's a strong likelihood that interest rates will rise."

So we either default or we devalue our currency by printing even more money and use the devalued dollars to repay our debts. Isn't one an honest default and the other merely a disguised default?
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Infostream
07:30 PM on 07/29/2011
Thanks for the more of the voice of the pundits who have been wrong about EVERYthing so far. The "it can't happen here" blather is so comforting, let's just pretend there is no historical precedence for currency collapse, take a prozac and go shopping!
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FogBelter
Illegitimis non carborundum
05:38 PM on 07/29/2011
I think a jump in interest rates will cool the ardor of consumers, except for those who are living off their credit cards and will have no ability to pay off the balances ultimately anyway. You move the interest rates on auto loans a few points north and people are going to make do with what they have to drive for a few more years, or make their next car purchase a used one. And who is going to want a mortgage when they leap to 10%?

Consumers will evaporate after default, and the fate of Borders will be replayed by brick and mortar companies across the country ... and lets not even get into the fate of restaurants.
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hollace
05:27 PM on 07/29/2011
how would it affect consumers.? How did Bush affect consumers is what we're still dealing with. The banks are all suspect to me..and holding stocks the tparty can effect is just too much to stomach considering they are uneducated or at keast appear that way to the whole world. Money is to serious to have a guy in costume affect it. it 's not a game. It's my life.
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05:00 PM on 07/29/2011
Not getting your social security check is a lot more than a "cash crunch" for many, it's disaster. Trivializing it by calling it a "cash crunch" is insulting . I guess that's standard thinking though for beltway insiders, total disconnect.
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11:54 PM on 07/29/2011
Right you are! I haven't heard a lot about what a default would mean for most Americans.

It sounds to me (simplified version) as if raising the debt ceiling is a bandaid solution. There is still the problem of employment and of bringing in revenue, which could be done if they would raise taxes on the wealthy and on corporations. But it doesn't sound as if that will happen!
11:42 PM on 07/30/2011
We have the best government money can buy.
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IndependentBadger
02:56 PM on 07/29/2011
The Greens would never have tolerated this crap. We woulda cut $500 Billion out of the Pentagon budget and doubled taxes on zillionaires, essentially bringing them back to where they were in the 80's. Taking money from grannies and kids that haven't even been born yet is just ghoulish, even for Republicans. Ugh.
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Robearbeach
Atty. & Researcher Latin American Studies
09:21 PM on 07/29/2011
I agree with the first half of your post and I'm not sure we couldn't cut more from defense - or make South Korea, Japan and the EU pay us for the defense we provide.
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09:35 AM on 07/30/2011
Fanned.
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02:32 PM on 07/29/2011
Elected U.S. officials' FAILURE TO GOVERN must be remedied.
iridium53
Semper Fi
01:27 PM on 07/29/2011
Votes of small business people and the average American do not matter to Washington's corrupt kleptocrats.

The only thing that matter is their big company and big bank donations.

Because they use that money to propagandize to the average person.

A better article would be about the effects on the big banks and big corporations - and just how they've already hedged so that their interests will not be disturbed.
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BOS29
We are many, they are few.
08:34 PM on 07/29/2011
Exactly. I'm sure Wall street has been selling derivatives on US treasury notes that will be downgraded.