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Bill Chameides

Bill Chameides

Posted: June 8, 2009 01:08 PM

Cap and Trade Part 1: It's About the Cap, Stupid


The first in a series of posts on cap and trade.

Where the climate is concerned, don't be fooled: it's ultimately about the "cap" not the "and trade" part.

The debate about climate policy is heating up. The House is getting ready to consider the Waxman-Markey bill. And many say the rubber hits the road on international negotiations on the climate this winter in Copenhagen.

In This Series
Part 1: It's About the Cap, Stupid
Part 2: Walking the International Tightrope
Part 3: You Ask, "What?" I Say, "How Wide?"

It's not surprising that much of the debate has focused on cap and trade; after all, that's what Waxman-Markey would put in place. Now, serious debate is great, but don't confuse it with obfuscation. I have the sneaking suspicion that some people enter the fray about cap and trade to block any sort of climate legislation rather than to make better climate legislation. They are the obfuscators in debaters' clothing.

The Wolves Who Cry 'Cap and Tax'

Some obfuscators wag their finger at cap-and-trade legislation, scolding it as "cap-and-tax" legislation. (For an example, see this Wall Street Journal editorial published just before the Senate voted on the Warner-Lieberman climate bill last spring.) According to this mantra, cap and trade is no more than a not very subtle power grab by bureaucrats -- a backdoor ploy for expensive, big-government social programs foisted on the backs of the unsuspecting consumer. (Ironically, some of the same people who have cried "cap and tax" have also sided for a carbon tax. See here and here. What's that about?)

The Wolves Who Cast Aspersions at Evil Business

And then there are those who cry "cap and profits." To listen to them, cap and trade is a poorly disguised ploy by big business to reel in $ billions. You know, like it is somehow surprising and wrong that businesses would look for opportunities to make a profit from cap and trade let alone any new government policy.

The Wolves Who Are the Defenders of Business

On the other side of the spectrum, you hear the cry that cap and trade is really "cap and destroy American business." This scenario sees cap and trade as an anti-American plot to destroy the American economy and shift huge sums of money overseas -- like huge sums have not already found their way into foreign banks, in large part because of the absence of any coherent national energy policy.

The Real Deal

Here's the thing. Ultimately cap and trade is not about taxes, or profits, or undermining profitability, To be effective, any climate legislation first and foremost must be about capping emissions. The data gathered from surface monitoring stations, ships probing the oceans depths, and satellites circling the globe are sobering. To a very high degree of certainty we know that:

  • the globe is warming,
  • glaciers are melting,
  • forests are dying, and
  • the ocean is acidifying.

Less certain but no less worrisome, storms may be becoming more severe and droughts appear to be lasting longer and occurring more frequently.

With a high degree of certainty these trends can be largely attributed to our own emissions of greenhouse gases. And while predicting the future must always be taken with quite a few grains of salt, our best model simulations say that things will get seriously worse unless we ... well, ratchet down our greenhouse gas emissions. And the best way to do that is by limiting them with a hard cap.

Experts: Global Warming Is Happening and It's High Time for Action

You don't have to take my word for it. Many countries, including our own, use an independent body of experts to resolve complex issues. In the United States, the body is the National Academy of Sciences.

  • In June 2008, the science academies of the G8 + 5 nations stated: "To stabilize the climate,
    emissions should eventually be limited to ... less than half of current emissions. Immediate large-scale mitigation action is required." (Source [pdf])
  • In June 2009, the science academies of 70 countries, including the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, called for "deep and rapid reductions of global CO2 emissions by at least 50 percent [below 1990 levels] by 2050, and much more thereafter" to avoid the dangers of ocean acidification. (Source [pdf])

The only prudent thing to do is to set in motion the policies and institutions that will halt the seemingly inexorable rise in greenhouse gas emissions and then bring those emissions significantly down -- by as much as 80 percent by the end of the century.

And so, the most important test of any climate legislation is: will it lead to significant greenhouse gas emission reductions? Everything else, in the humble opinion of this scientist, is secondary.

The How Debate

There are a variety of approaches to rein in greenhouse gas emissions:

  • technological mandates and government regulations (like EPA using the Clean Air Act),
  • government subsidies (like tax credits for renewables), and
  • market-based approaches, such as carbon taxes and cap and trade.

On balance I favor cap and trade because it is the only approach that actually mandates emission reductions over time. For me, the operative part of "cap and trade" is, as I indicated above, cap.

Debate About the Devil, Leave the Wolves Home

Now it's true that in the case of cap and trade, and perhaps even more so in the case of cap and trade, the devil is in the details. And those details are encompassed in the "and trade" part of cap and trade. Debate on how to do the "and trade" part is appropriate and necessary.

In upcoming posts in this series on cap and trade, I will focus on some of those "and trade" issues, in part to address some of the concerns raised by the wolves. To be sure, the "and trade" issues are complex, difficult nuts to crack. But don't let the wolves get you to throw the "cap" out with the "and trade" bathwater.

Tomorrow I'll take a look at the wolves' cry of "cap and destroy American business" and examine what can be done to protect American businesses if countries like China don't take their own emissions cap.

Cap and Trade Part 2: Walking the International Tightrope

Dr. Bill Chameides is the dean of Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He blogs regularly at theGreenGrok.com.

 
 
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12:59 PM on 06/10/2009
Bill, I'm sure you are a smart guy, but what will Cap and Trade do to stop global warming? The same climate models used by the IPCC show a 0.1 degree change in temp by the year 2100 due to cap and trade. That's one-tenth of a degree centigrade for those who have trouble with numbers.

Durham will still be hot in August, even with Cap'n Trade.
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Bill Chameides
04:53 PM on 06/11/2009
vie2012ne: I'm sure you are a smart guy and so you know that addressing global warming will require international action. So duh... the United States cannot do it by itself -- and neither can any other country. Check out cap and trade part 2 for more on the international thing (http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/capandtrade2), and I will be posting next week about this 0.1 degree change you cite. Stop by then.
02:36 PM on 06/12/2009
Well, Bill, there is a basic difference between "smart" and "wise". When many smart people are promoting the foolish and naive idea of Cap'n Trade, this immediately trips my BS alarm. C&T is foolish because only a fool would accept a huge increase in energy costs in exchange for the tiny predicted impact on global temperatures. C&T is naive because it is based on the assumption that when the US leads, other nations like China and India will follow. Where is the precedent for China following our lead in anything? They will continue to act in their national interests, as they always have. Economic growth is the top priority for them.

C&T advances the environmentalist agenda, strengthens government vs. the private sector, and will provide countless opportunities for clever operators to game the system. It will have almost no impact on AGW. Average Joes like me will end up paying the bill for useless policies dreamed up by smart guys like you.
03:07 PM on 06/09/2009
Gosh, I can hardly wait until tomorrow.
01:18 PM on 06/09/2009
"what can be done to protect American businesses if countries like China don't take their own emissions cap." implies that you agree with those who think an emissions cap will reduce economic growth.

It is clear that even the signers of Kyoto didn't come close to their commitments and there were no consequences....some would even say that several had no intention of living up to it.

Given a belief that the US wouldn't sign something it wasn't going to try to adhere to, I look forward to your article on how the US economy will perform under a carbon tax or cap and trade if, as it appears likely, China and India choose to abstain.
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Bill Chameides
03:52 PM on 06/10/2009
econ1: Most estimates suggest that the impact of a carbon cap will be to reduce economic growth, but by a very small amount -- the range that I have seen is ~ 0.5-2.5%. The relatively small price for avoiding potentially far more serious climate change consequences.

Kyoto had some major flaws -- not the least of which was the fact that the United States did not take part. Also, the term of the protocol was too short to send a clear signal to the market.

See my "Part 2" post (http://www.nicholas.duke.edu/thegreengrok/capandtrade2) on our options if China and India choose to abstain.
11:38 AM on 06/09/2009
This is all fine Bill, but you're doing is what the enviro movement has been doing all along answering economic concerns with the science of climate change.

Many of us agree that we need to solve climate--that doesn't mean Cap & Trade is the answer. And it certainly doesn't mean that the Waxman bill is the answer. I would be much more interested in your answering if the reductions called for in ACES are what the science tells us we need.

I hope in part two, you'll bring in an economist to explain why giving hundreds of billions to utilities and historic polluters makes sense or a political science expert to explain why there won't be significant political blowback when energy & gas prices go up.
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Bill Chameides
04:50 PM on 06/11/2009
setb: You raise good points. Is cap and trade the answer? Is giving allowances to historic polluters the way to go? These are all good questions that deserve to be debated. My point in this post: sure, debate away, but if you are going to tear down Waxman-Markey, be sure you've got something else that will effectively bring down (i.e., cap) emissions and that is politically viable. Remember: don't throw the cap out with the and-trade bathwater.
12:21 AM on 06/09/2009
An increasing number of scientists and thinking people all over the world are realizing that man-made global warming is a hoax that threatens our future and the future of our children. More than 700 international scientists dissent over man-made global warming claims. They are now more than 13 times the number of UN scientists (52) who authored the media-hyped IPCC 2007 Summary for Policymakers. http://www.climatechangefraud.com/content/view/3562/218/

Additionally, more than 30,000 American scientists have signed onto a petition that states, "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate." http://www.petitionproject.org

We pray that honest leaders – both Democrat and Republican - are able to save us from Obama's criminal global warming/cap-and-trade scam.
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Bill Chameides
04:31 PM on 06/11/2009
AntonioSosa: Your comment confirms that it is a lot easier to sign a petition than it is to spend the months, even years, carefully preparing peer-reviewed reports and papers.
12:20 AM on 06/09/2009
No patriotic and informed American can support the global warming/cap and trade scam, more fraudulent than any Nigerian scam.

Cap and trade represents huge taxes and cost increases, which will hurt mostly the poor and the middle class. Cap and trade will give dictatorial powers to Obama and will further enrich his billionaire friends (Gore, Soros, Goldman Sachs, Obama’s Chicago Climate Exchange friends, GE, etc.) -- all at our expense and at the expense of our children and grandchildren.

Cap and Trade “would be the equivalent of an atomic bomb directed at the U.S. economy—all without any scientific justification,” said famed climatologist Dr. S. Fred Singer. It would significantly increase taxes and the cost of energy, forcing many companies to close, thus increasing unemployment, poverty and dependence.
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Bill Chameides
04:33 PM on 06/11/2009
AntonioSosa: I guess it is possible that I am uninformed; you can really lose touch with world events and the latest findings at a university, but I take offense at anyone impugning my patriotism.
05:41 PM on 06/08/2009
Professor, my problem with the entire cap and trade approach is that once government gets involved, the process inherently becomes less efficient, with the involvement of bureaucracy, and less effective, with the involvement of special interests.

If in fact our goal is to move to alternative fuels, and to REALLY impact GHG's, it would make so much more sense to put much more impetus on conversion of the entire auto fleet to CNG. This would increase employment in our economy, keep money in OUR economy, and lower GHG's immediately. The technology is readily available, and implementation could be virtually immediate.

I am concerned that cap and trade is being created to provide the federal government with a new and massive income stream, and has virtually nothing to do with the environment. Can you honestly see the regulation and rule-making process being complete within a year? We could have literally millions of CNG vehicles on the road in that time if we attacked it as a serious problem.

Frankly, I think the government's willingness to go with a slow, cumbersome, and waiver-dripping alternative only indicates that they don't really see global warming as that big of a problem...
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Bill Chameides
04:30 PM on 06/11/2009
Rhetticent: I understand your concern about government involvement. One of the things I like about cap and trade is that there is a lot less involvement than with a carbon tax or a government subsidy program. The idea of converting cars to CNG is an interesting one. But how are you going to make that happen without government involvement?
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02:29 PM on 06/08/2009
Thanks Prof. Chameides.