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Bill Ong Hing

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Control the Border: Invest in Mexico

Posted: 07/12/11 07:00 PM ET

If you believe that undocumented Mexican migration is a problem, and you believe that the reason most undocumented migrants come to the United States is to work, then it really does not take a brain surgeon to understand that the way to address the challenge is to help Mexico with its economy and its own unemployment problem. This is especially so if you realize that Mexico has lost countless jobs since NAFTA went into effect in 1994.

The effect that bailing out the Mexican economy would have was illustrated in a long-term survey of emigration patterns done by Douglas Massey of Princeton showing that interest in heading to the United States had fallen to its lowest level since at least the 1950s. "No one wants to hear it, but the flow has already stopped," Massey told the New York Times. "For the first time in 60 years, the net traffic has gone to zero and is probably a little bit negative." The primary reasons: The Mexican birth rate has fallen to about two children per woman from nearly seven in 1970; Mexico's education system and economy have improved to a point more young people choose to stay (per family income is up 45 percent this decade); and drug violence along Mexico's border is likely deterring those who do think of crossing. It seems that stepped-up border enforcement and Arizona SB1070-type laws have little to do with the decline.

Whether or not you believe that "net traffic has gone to zero," for those who advocate control of the borders there is everything to gain by pushing for greater investment in Mexico. On a recent visit to Vietnam, I was struck by the serious efforts that the United States has engaged in over the past decade to help Vietnam with its economy, by entering into a bilateral trade agreement, pushing for its entry into the WTO, and encouraging investment in Vietnam. Likewise, the United States needs to consider an investment model -- with close monitoring of that investment -- in Mexico as part of comprehensive immigration reform. Reducing undocumented migration is in Mexico's interest as well; the persistent loss of able-bodied workers needed to build its infrastructure and economy cannot be good for Mexico.

Before the international financial crisis, the European Union -- through its European Social Fund -- invested huge sums in roads and education in roads and education in new, poorer member states and narrowed their income gap with the rest of Europe, and workers stayed home because jobs were created. Similarly, the three NAFTA countries should establish a fund to invest in roads, telecommunications, and postsecondary education in Mexico. Mexico lacks the capital to build the infrastructure that is necessary to narrow the gap with Canada and the United States. If its northern neighbors contributed 10 percent of what the EU spends on aid, with wise investments in infrastructure and education, Mexico could experience growth at a rate twice that of Canada and the United States. Building up the central part of the country could relieve congestion at the border, and the whole system could be better managed. Former Mexican President Vicente Fox has urged the United States to invest 2 percent of its GDP in Mexico to narrow the wage gap while helping the economies of both countries to compete with China.

Focusing on the educational system in Mexico is also key. Mexican students fall near the bottom in cross-country comparisons on basic literacy, math, and science. While the education level of adults in the U.S. is almost thirteen years, in Mexico, the level is about seven. This low level has severe implications for competitiveness and the standard of living of Mexicans.

Investments in Mexico also have to be targeted. Mexico's domestic industries need help, for example, by using domestic parts and supplies in production imports. Businesses need financing; many are facing international competition from places like China. The rural areas of Mexico really suffered under NAFTA. Subsistence farmers in Mexico were not given assistance or time to make adjustments under NAFTA. Nothing was done to help protect their income as trade conditions changed. The development of fruit and vegetable production can absorb some of the rural workers who have been displaced. Serious investment in new technologies in small and medium-size industries also is necessary. Some of this can be achieved through tax incentives to spur economic growth in the country's interior.

If we are to solve the challenge of undocumented Mexican immigration, heavy investment in Mexico's infrastructure and economy must be made. The EU did this successfully in bringing in poor nations, avoiding huge migration from poor to wealthy member nations and creating more jobs at home. All three NAFTA countries have much to gain from this approach.

 

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12:46 PM on 07/19/2011
Whenever you have a problem you solve it by addressing the problem, not the symptoms of the problem. Illegal Immigration is just the symptom of a larger problem - the lack of economic development in many parts of the world. Yes you can hinder illegal immigration with many solutions, but to actually stop it you need to attack the lack of economic development problem.

But if you do that you create "gasp" economic competitors. Those who want a free economic ride seek to keep economic development out of the hands of everyone but themselves. That way they do not have to work too hard. But where is the moral justice in keeping your neighbor down so that you can succeed with little effort?

Those who support Illegal Immigration do not realize it but they are in league with those who would horde economic development in the USA and fuel that development with Illegal Immigrants as needed. Those who like to horde development enjoy looking big economically by making everyone else look small. But the true measure of success is to take on the opposition on a level playing field. Stopping Illegal Immigration forces the lazy to look beyond our borders and place development that is beyond our available workforce in countries that desperately need that development.

In a world of global competition American may not always win. But morally speaking we would be better off when we win because then we would win by successfully out-competing our competition.
12:15 PM on 07/19/2011
Finally Professor Hing sees the light. In an response his recent attempts to justify Illegal Immigration I wrote the following:

If you believe we reached full employment in 2007 (which we did not) then you would also believe all Americans were working. That's why it's called full employment. You would also believe that we needed to import over seven million Illegal Immigrants to fill our extra jobs. But what if those jobs had been placed where the people lived? Let’s look at Mexico as an example of what could have been had this been done.

Per the Pew Hispanic Center six million Mexicans illegally immigrated to the USA, over three million of which are working. Per the CIA World Fact Book the 2006 Gross Domestic Product of Mexico was $741.5 billion and the Labor Force numbered 38 million. That means the average GDP per working person was $19,513.

If USA Business had placed three million jobs in Mexico instead of using illegal immigration as a tool and had paid the average GDP rate ($9.38/hr.), six million Illegal Immigrants would have stayed home we would have pumped $59 billion in wages into the Mexican economy. About 57% of US GDP is made up of wages. Assuming the same for Mexico means $59 billion in wages would have added $103 billion or 14% to Mexico’s GDP. And USA GDP would have increased by $5 billion in repatriated profits. Illegal Immigration just exploits Mexico for cheap labor without benefit.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
09:25 AM on 07/13/2011
Give more money to Mexico? We are facing a crisis of our own in unemployment and the economy and you want us to bolster Mexico with more millions? And just who would get the benefit of those millions? Not the people, but the Mexican government and the government has been shown to be corrupt.

Fewer babies born to Mexican women in Mexico? More born to the illegal Mexican women who are in the U.S. where they get free medical, social services, education, even housing from our government.

NAFTA was supposed to help both Mexico and the U.S. Many U.S. companies have built factories and given employment to the people of Mexico. Now you want more of our tax dollars to go to another country to help them while we are in dire need of jobs for our own people? Not gonna happen, unless our government loses what little is left of its mind.
05:07 PM on 07/13/2011
More jobs in Mexico, less migration to the U.S, more Jobs for the american people.... = Economic Growth... You think Mexicans want to go to the U.S because they like how they are treated or because they might die on their way...
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Alitoo
10:55 AM on 07/14/2011
And yet, despite the bad treatment and dangerous journey, they'd rather do that than stay in Mexico and get their own government to work to improve things. As I mentioned before, Mexico is a WEALTHY country and home to the world's richest man. Why aren't Mexicans holding their government and their elite accountable for providing jobs and the skills they need for them?
09:23 AM on 07/13/2011
Professor Hing, I am a US es-pat living in Mexico for the past 8 years and I have witnessed first hand the changes that Douglas Massey writes about. You have hit the proverbial nail on the head when you posit that the way to stop the flow of illegal immigration is to invest in Mexico's ability to create meaningful jobs for the youth who are just now coming into the work force. Mexico is bursting with unrealized opportunity in many market segments; for example mangos - now the fruit is exported, but what is needed is a further processing plant to extract the added value of the produce. Sadly, most foreign investment in Mexico is aimed at large projects related to tourism which expropriate land and return little to local populations who are often displaced to make way for these projects.
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Alitoo
09:35 AM on 07/13/2011
Companies make the decision to invest in Mexico based on a number of things, including the country's educated workforce, infrastructure, and LAWS. Mexico has the wealth to build the first two on its own, even if it weren't getting more than $20 BILLION a year in remittances from illegal aliens in this country. Of course, that would mean actually taxing its wealthier citizens and collecting those taxes, and I doubt Mexico's elite wants that. As for laws, well, we all know how respectful Mexicans are of the laws of other countries, much less those of their own country. Why would a business want to invest in a country where you have to pay off everyone from the President's office to the local dock worker in order to get something done? Particularly when, in doing so, you run afoul of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (for US companies and their subsidiaires)? And of course, the threat of narcoterrorists is not an incentive to investment. One major U.S. company just ran afoul of the FCPA for paying off terrorists in Colombia.
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becky bradshaw
"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth
07:39 AM on 07/13/2011
Jobs are the carrot that draws the illegal alien. There is already significant investment by U.S. companies in Mexico, but this is threatened by the Drug War.

A brain surgeon might come to the conclusion that the best way to eliminate the jobs carrot would be to use the E-Verify system. This system allows employers could discern who is legal to work. E-Verify is in place, it is easy to use, and it's free.

Reference: http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/13/opinion/la-oe-gallegly-everify-20110613
11:45 PM on 07/12/2011
This is a great article. Realist and pragmatic, it reveals the true problem and then offers possible solutions and optimism. Well done, Professor Hing!
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Alitoo
08:06 AM on 07/13/2011
Mr. HIng ignores the fact that Mexico is one of the richest countries in the world, #13 or 14, and home to the richest man in the world, Carlos Slim Helu. Mr. Slim, by the way, invests heavily in the United States, where he's a backer of the New York Times and owner of the late Circuit City. Now, how is it that WALMART creates more jobs in Mexico than Mr. Slim does?

As an attorney, Mr. Hing should be well aware of the importance of transparency in the law when it comes to business decisions, especially in light of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar international law. For a firm to be able to compete on a level playing ground in Mexico, Mexico would actually have to have laws against corruption that it enforces.

As for education and infrastructure, well, there are hundreds of thousands of Mexican illegal aliens here in the U.S. who should and could be repatriated to Mexico. With even a high school diploma from the U.S., these "students" would be a significant addition to Mexico's educational workforce. And we're constantly told that illegal aliens are doing construction jobs here, yet apparently they won't do them in Mexico.

U.S. manufacturing workers were dislocated by NAFTA when good paying factory jobs were re-located to Mexico and the U.S. government took responsibility for helping those workers re-train. Mexico has not taken similar responsibility for its own workers. .
11:03 PM on 07/12/2011
Ah! Finally an article that addresses the true problem. It is not that Mexicans are moving the United States, but the causes of their move that is a problem. They aren't moving to invade the poor, unfortunate white population of the states, they are running away from the terrible conditions in which they live.
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Alitoo
08:10 AM on 07/13/2011
Again, Mexico is a WEALTHY country, #13 or 14 in GDP. It's problems are of its own making: overpopulation and a tolerance of corruption. Mexico's wealthy elite control most of the wealth of the country and prefer to send the country's poor here to work and send remittances than to create jobs and provide social services to them in Mexico.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
09:30 AM on 07/13/2011
Then let them stay in Mexico and fight for changes to the "terrible conditions" of their own country. We had a war for independence, we had a Civil War - we have had fights for civil rights, for changes in our government and country. More hand-outs will not change the conditions in Mexico and its government and economy - only the people of Mexico can do that if they have the will to do it.