It will be five years since Katrina on August 29. The impact of Katrina is quite painful for regular people in the area. This article looks at what has happened since Katrina not from the perspective of the higher ups looking down from their offices but from the street level view of the people - a view which looks at the impact on the elderly, the renter, people of color, the disabled, the working and non-working poor. So, while one commentator may happily say that the median income in New Orleans has risen since Katrina, a street level perspective recognizes that is because large numbers of the poorest people have not been able to return.
Five years after Katrina, tens of thousands of homes in New Orleans remain vacant or blighted. Tens of thousands of African American children who were in the public schools have not made it back, nor have their parents. New Orleans has lost at least 100,000 people. Thousands of elderly and disabled people have not made it back. Affordable housing is not readily available so tens of thousands pay rents that are out of proportion to their wages. Race and gender remain excellent indicators of who is underpaid, who is a renter, who is in public school and who is low income.
In short, the challenges facing New Orleans after Katrina are the same ones facing millions of people of color, women, the elderly and disabled and their children across the US. Katrina just made these challenges clearer in New Orleans than in many other places. Here is where we are five years later.
Overall population
Five years after Katrina, the most liberal estimates are that 141,000 fewer people live in the metro New Orleans area. The actual population changes will not be clear until official Census Bureau findings are released in November, but it is safe to say that over 100,000 fewer live in the City of New Orleans.
The New Orleans metro area is made up of several parishes, primarily Orleans, Jefferson, Plaquemines, St. Bernard and St. Tammany. Orleans had 455,000 people before Katrina, now they have 354,000. Jefferson had 451,000 before Katrina, now they have 443,000. Plaquemines had 28,000 before Katrina, now they have 20,000. St. Bernard had 64,000 before Katrina, now they have 40,000. Source: Census Bureau
Displaced People
Louisiana residents are located in more than 5,500 cities across the nation, the largest concentrations in Houston, Dallas, Atlanta and San Antonio. A majority of displaced residents are women - 59% compared to 41% men. A third earn less than $20,000 a year. Source: Dana Alfred, Louisiana Disaster Recovery Corps (2007).
Lost housing
More than 1 in 4 residential addresses in New Orleans is vacant or blighted - by far the highest rate in the US. Though the numbers have been reduced somewhat in the last three years, 50,100 residential properties in New Orleans remain blighted or have no structure on them. Source: Greater New Orleans Community Data Center (hereafter GNOCDC), Benchmarks for Blight (May 7, 2010), http://www.gnocdc.org/BenchmarksforBlight/index.html; see also, Michelle Krupa, Blighted Houses in New Orleans Dropping Steadily, Times Picayune, at http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/05/blighted_houses_in_new_orleans.html
About 58 percent of city renters and 45 percent of suburban renters pays more than 35 percent of their pre-tax household income for housing. Households should spend less than 30 percent of income on housing. Anything over 30 percent means that housing is not really affordable for that family and they are likely to cut back on other necessities. Source: GNOCDC, Housing in the New Orleans Metro, October 13, 2009, at http://www.gnocdc.org/HousingAffordability/
Over 5000 families are on the waiting list for traditional public housing and another 28,960 families are on the waiting list for housing vouchers - more than double what it was before Katrina and the government destruction of thousands of public housing apartments. Since the post-Katrina bulldozing of several major public housing developments, there has been more than a 75% reduction in the number of public housing apartments available. Source: Housing Authority of New Orleans
Rebuilding
Under Louisiana's "Road Home" program to rebuild storm-damaged housing, rebuilding grants for homeowners on average fell about $35,000 short of the money needed to rebuild. The shortfall hit highly flooded, historically African-American communities particularly hard. The Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center filed suit in 2008 against state and federal agencies charging that the grant policy was racially discriminatory and that black homeowners received far smaller grants than white homeowners. The judge in that case has opined that "on average, African-American homeowners received awards that fell farther short of the cost of repairing their homes than did white recipients" and while noting the parties' commitment to rebuilding New Orleans, found it "regrettable that this effort to do so appears to have proceeded in a manner that disadvantaged African-American homeowners who wish to repair their homes." Source: PolicyLink, A Long Way Home (2008) & Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center
At least 19,746 applications for rebuilding homes that are eligible for funding have not received any money from the Road Home Program grant program. Source: The Road Home Program, Road2la.org
Economic Health
The metro area has 95,000 fewer jobs than before Katrina, down about 16 percent.
Black and Latino households earn incomes that are $26,000 (44 percent) and $15,000 (25 percent) lower than whites. White household income is $56,000, Latino household income is $41,000 and African American household income is $35,000 in the metro New Orleans area. Source: Jesuit Social Research Institute, JustSouth Quarterly, Summer 2010.
New Orleans has a poverty rate of 23 percent more than double the national average of 11%. But because of the loss of people in New Orleans there are now more poor people living in the surrounding suburban parishes than in the city. 2008 US Census Bureau, ACS; GNOCDC, Who Lives in New Orleans Now? October, 2009, at http://www.gnocdc.org/2008Demographics/GNOCDC_2008ACSDemographics.pdf
Within New Orleans the majority of households are lower-income.
Public and Private Education
The number of students in public schools in New Orleans, which are over 90 percent African American, has declined by 43% since Katrina. Source: Southern Education Foundation. New Orleans Schools Four Years After Katrina. (hereafter SEF).
But an average increase of 5% a year in enrollment for the last two years (35,976 to 38,051 from 2008-2009 alone) indicates that people whose children attend public schools continue to return as housing and employment opportunities allow. Source: Louisiana Recovery School District.
In 2008, 85% of white students in New Orleans attended private schools, one of the highest percentages in a major city in the US. Source: SEF
New Orleans now has more charter schools than any other public school system in the country. Of the 89 public schools in New Orleans, 48, more than half, are charter schools. Sixty percent of students now attend privately managed but publicly funded schools. Source: Louisiana Recovery School District
Metro area has recovered 79 percent of public and private school enrollment. GNOCDC & Brookings , The New Orleans Index at 5, August 2010, at https://gnocdc.s3.amazonaws.com/NOIat5/Overview.pdf
People Receiving Public Assistance
Over one-third of Social Security recipients who lived in New Orleans have not returned. There were 74,535 in 2004 and 47,000 in December 2009. Source: Source: U.S. Social Security Administration.
Medicaid recipients have declined by 31%: pre-Katrina enrollment in Medicaid in New Orleans was 134,249. December 2009 enrollment was 93,310. Source: Louisiana Department of Health and Hosptials
Supplemental Security Income recipients are down from pre-Katrina 26,654 to 16,514 - a 38% decline. Source: U.S. Social Security Administration.
Public Transportation
Total ridership declined down 65.7%. From over 33 million in 2004 to about 13 million projected for 2010. Source: Regional Transit Authority
Crime
"Violent crimes and property crimes have risen in New Orleans since Katrina and remain well above national rates." Source: GNOCDC & Brookings, The New Orleans Index at 5, August 2010, at https://gnocdc.s3.amazonaws.com/NOIat5/Overview.pdf
Oil Damage
Speaking of crime, there have been at least 348 intentional fires set in the Gulf of Mexico, controlled burns they call them, since spill. Source: Deepwater Horizon Response, July 14, 2010, at http://www.deepwaterhorizonresponse.com/go/doc/2931/783735/
About 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersant have been dumped into the Gulf, over a million on the surface and about 750,000 gallons sub-sea. Source: Marianna Nash, CNN, Scientists Dispersant Concerns Remain, http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/07/28/scientists.dispersant.concerns/index.html
About 210 million gallons of oil (5 million barrels) were released by the BP spill. About 800,000 barrels were captured by BP - making it by far the largest oil spill into marine waters in world history. Source: Campbell Robertson, U.S. Puts Oil Spill at Nearly 5 million Barrels, at http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/07/28/scientists.dispersant.concerns/index.html
Wetland destruction
"Since 1956, when measurements began, 23 percent of the coastal wetlands have converted to open water." GNOCDC & Brookings, The New Orleans Index at 5, August 2010, at https://gnocdc.s3.amazonaws.com/NOIat5/Overview.pdf
The challenges of post-Katrina New Orleans reflect the problems of many urban and suburban areas of the US - insufficient affordable rents, racially segregated schools with falling populations, great disparities in income by color of households, serious pollution from remote uncaring corporations, and reductions in the public services like transportation. Katrina made these more visible five years ago and continues to make a great illustration of the US failures to treat all citizens with dignity and our failure to achieve our promise of liberty and justice for all.
Davida Finger of Loyola and Lance Hill of Tulane co-authored this. Special thanks to the Greater New Orleans Community Data Center and Alison Plyer for their recent report which they co-authored with Brookings expert Amy Liu.
This is an example of that kind of journalism.
Since most infrastructure is woefully inadequate (e.g. NO levies) given the demands placed upon it over time, hasn't been properly maintained and upgraded, it is only a matter of time before we see system wide failures in many cities now facing financial hardship. When the water treatment plants stop purifying water, sewers back up and power grids start working intermittently, many towns and cities in the US will become mini-NO is some respect and the people of this country will realize that for the last 30 years their priorities and faith in their chosen leadership was misplaced. Good night and good luck.
I wrote you a long post and of course it never posted. The important bit was to give a great big hug to your son for me. It is due to him and other angels like him that I still believe that Americans are good people. It meant the world to me, more than you can truly comprehend, to see that someone cared. You raised a great kid! THANK YOU!!!!!
What do you know about Katrina? Apparently nothing.
No one had 2 weeks. Until about 2 days before landfall, Katrina was forecast to land about 300 or 400 miles east of New Orleans.
It's time for the people in New Orleans to pull up their damn big girl pants and quit bitching.
Look, I'm sorry that somebody decided to build a major city below sea level along the path of the occasional hurricane, I truly am. I'm sorry that they elected such a worthless bunch at the local level that hadn't a clue how to do anything and didn't even have the brains to request federal assistance. I'm sorry that Bush & Co. didn't say 'screw state's rights,' we are going to take over this fiasco early on - even before they were asked in. The signs were clear they were dealing with incompetents and because of that people were going to die, and they no doubt would have taken hits from the left and the right about abuse of federal power, but........damn!
But having said that, let's look at another disaster.
In 2004 a tsunami hit Bangladesh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
100 foot waves hit a nation that has 350 miles of densely inhabited coastline. 230,000 people died.
Get over it
If you don’t want to play, then you might as well split
Get over it, get over it
It’s like going to confession every time I hear you speak
You’re makin’ the most of your losin’ streak
Some call it sick, but I call it weak
You drag it around like a ball and chain
You wallow in the guilt; you wallow in the pain
You wave it like a flag, you wear it like a crown
Got your mind in the gutter, bringin’ everybody down
Complain about the present and blame it on the past
I’d like to find your inner child and kick it’s little ass
Get over it
Get over it
All this bitchin’ and moanin’ and pitchin’ a fit
Get over it, get over it
Get over it
Get over it
It’s gotta stop sometime, so why don’t you quit
Get over it, get over it
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMAv1n8ieWE
I turn on the tube and what do I see
A whole lotta people cryin’ ’don’t blame me’
They point their crooked little fingers ar everybody else
Spend all their time feelin’ sorry for themselves
Victim of this, victim of that
Your momma’s too thin; your daddy’s too fat
Get over it
Get over it
All this whinin’ and cryin’ and pitchin’ a fit
Get over it, get over it
You say you haven’t been the same since you had your little crash
But you might feel better if I gave you some cash
The more I think about it, old billy was right
Let’s kill all the lawyers, kill ’em tonight
You don’t want to work, you want to live like a king
But the big, bad world doesn’t owe you a thing
http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/projects/neworleans/
On June 7 a poll showed that more Americans had a negative view of the federal response to the oil spill than had a negative view of the much-criticized Katrina response. Worse for the Obama administration, another poll released Wednesday asked responders to compare Obama’s handling of the oil spill with George W. Bush’s handling of Katrina, and nearly six in 10 people said Obama’s response was the same or worse than Bush’s. A poll of Louisiana residents released June 15 drew a similar conclusion. “Obama’s Katrina” isn’t a phrase the White House wants to hear, but it’s one that could gain traction if the polling continues in this vein.
http://www.newsweek.com/2010/07/01/katrina-and-the-oil-spill-useful-comparison.html
That which the author describes and compares to the Nation..... I see it as a warning.
We are witnessing the collapse of the Entitlement State. The massive deficit spending at all levels of Gov. is winding down. There is no more money to give away.
We are witnessing the transfer of entitlements from those in need to those with greed.