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Brendan Nyhan

Brendan Nyhan

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Why Did Birther Support Drop So Much?

Posted: 05/13/11 12:17 PM ET

When President Obama released his long-form birth certificate, I was skeptical about its chances of killing the myth that he was not born in this country:

Will Wednesday's release of Obama's long-form birth certificate put an end to the birther myth?

The odds aren't good. The problem is that people can be extremely resistant to unwelcome factual information...

Given how much evidence is already available, it's hard to see why a long-form birth certificate would suddenly change the minds of people who are predisposed to believe in the myth. The hardcore are already shifting to new rationales for questioning Obama's right to hold office and deconstructing the PDF released by the White House for supposed evidence of forgery.


As expected, the fringe continues to search for rationales to discredit the birth certificate -- the birther movement isn't going away. However, the Washington Post released a poll conducted after the birth certificate's release (but before news of Osama bin Laden's killing was released) showing that that birther beliefs dropped by half compared to April 2010:

Birtherpollwp


I've been waiting to see if any other polls were conducted, but it looks like the Post is the only media outlet that polled on this issue. Since bin Laden's killing created a bounce that will affect responses to questions about Obama for a while, it's probably the only clean pre-/post-comparison of birther beliefs that we're going to get.

So why was this correction so effective when others tend to fail? (PDF) The answers aren't entirely clear yet, but here are some initial thoughts. First, the birth certificate's release was an unusually definitive debunking that became a major news event, so there was saturation coverage of some very strong corrective information. Second, no prominent elites on the right contested the validity of the birth certificate, which meant that coverage of its release was almost entirely one-sided. Finally, it's possible that support for the myth was soft because poll respondents didn't really believe it but were using poll questions about Obama's religion and place of birth as a way to express disapproval (as some commentators and pollsters have argued).

Does this mean that people's minds can be changed? Yes (though I will be curious to see if these effects hold over time). In cases where the first and second conditions described above hold (very strong corrective information, saturation coverage, no elite controversy), it is possible to convince people who aren't hardcore believers and conspiracy theorists. However, these conditions rarely materialize for prominent political misperceptions, which tend to be controversial among elites and harder to definitively debunk.

To underscore why misperceptions are so difficult to correct, consider the case of the Duelfer Report, a comprehensive CIA-commissioned report released in September 2004 which found no evidence that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction or an active weapons of mass destruction program. Even though the release of the report was a major news story confirming that Iraq did not have WMDs, no one could not prove they hadn't been hidden, moved to Syria, etc. and conservatives continued to dispute the claim. As a result, half of Americans were still telling pollsters that Iraq had WMDs as late as 2006.

In short, the release of the birth certificate is something of a best-case scenario for misperceptions. The Post poll results are a victory to be celebrated, but we should be cautious about extrapolating from this case to other, more stubborn myths.

Update 5/13 2:03 PM: Gallup just released a poll conducted May 5-8 (after bin Laden's killing) confirming that birther beliefs were cut roughly in half:

Gallupbirther1

As in the Post's poll, Gallup found that the decline was most significant among Republicans (who were most likely to endorse the claim before the release of the birth certificate):

Gallupbirther2

These results are an encouraging sign that the effects of the birth certificate's release are persisting, though we should be cautious given that the Gallup poll was conducted after bin Laden's death.

Cross-posted to brendan-nyhan.com

 

Follow Brendan Nyhan on Twitter: www.twitter.com/brendannyhan

When President Obama released his long-form birth certificate, I was skeptical about its chances of killing the myth that he was not born in this country: Will Wednesday's release of Obama's long-for...
When President Obama released his long-form birth certificate, I was skeptical about its chances of killing the myth that he was not born in this country: Will Wednesday's release of Obama's long-for...
 
 
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06:33 PM on 05/24/2011
Conservatives are very much concerned about what is true and what is not true. Therefore, they are more likely to change their opinions when facts warrant it than are liberals. You will likely never find a similar example of liberals changing their opinions based on new facts. All we (conservatives) wanted all along was to see proof that Obama was born in this country, proof which Obama inexplicably refused to give. But once Trump's challenge finally made it in Obama's interest to provide his birth certificate, most conservatives were convinced by it. This is no surprise whatsoever. Respect for truth defines conservative ideology, in contrast to that of socialism.
09:27 PM on 05/24/2011
So interested in the truth?! So interested in the truth?! Yeah so interested in the truth you ignored the short form that Obama released in 2008, ignored the Hawaii Department of Health's response, the birth announcement in the Hawaii news paper, and Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie actually remembering celebrating Obama's brith with his mother and father. Nope we just want the truth Obama, let me see your papers please. Come on like the guy could make it to President of the United States never having been a natural born citizen. No one's checking background in the government. Good thing we've got The Donald around.
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MyAhaMoment
Mississippi Liberal: a rare breed, indeed!
04:24 PM on 05/25/2011
Funny! your definition of conservative is in direct opposition to it's definition in Merriam Webster. But I'm sure that's just a liberal mis-information machine.

3a : tending or disposed to maintain existing views, conditions, or institutions
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
listentome
Remember, no matter where you go, there you are !
11:29 PM on 05/23/2011
Why? Because most people just don't want to be grouped in the "Fool" category.
12:26 PM on 05/23/2011
The truth will come out and O'bama will be exposed for he really is. Dangerous times indeed.
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white mende man
Ask me if I care about your prejudice
08:56 AM on 06/25/2011
danger was George W. Bush, this country is lucky indeed for having Barack Obama as president.
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zanzig
09:23 PM on 05/15/2011
And then there is Orly Taitz...
09:10 PM on 05/15/2011
The remainder of the birthers cannot give up their hatred and wishful thinking. If
they can't believe this then their whole life is ruined and what do they have left but
their guns and broken dreams?
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mahogger
wórkiňg
11:33 PM on 05/18/2011
2012 is left. Lots of states pushing for voter ID. That's gotta suck for libs. No more cheating.
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CharlieVer
Rush is a rock band...
03:18 PM on 05/19/2011
Why would that "suck for libs"? I'm a liberal who strongly opposes cheating, and who believes that it happens probably more often from the other side--but when either side cheats, it's wrong.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CharlieVer
Rush is a rock band...
03:22 PM on 05/19/2011
Actually, I think I know what you're talking about... I DO oppose situations that have happened in the past where people have been TARGETED for ID requirements. Such as, where a predominantly white district is NOT IDed where a neighboring black district EVERYONE is IDed. As long as it's fair and uniform and the information gets out, and as long as people aren't deceived at the last minute to prevent them from voting such as when fully eligible voters have been falsely put on felony lists, I have no problem with it.
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mahogger
wórkiňg
11:38 PM on 05/18/2011
guns and broken dreams? Sounds like an incitement for a riot in Syria.
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robjh1
We Have Met the Enemy and he is Us: Pogo
05:27 PM on 05/15/2011
The independents rule. Had they not started having doubt, the birth certificate probably would have never been shown. The President will need this group if he is to take back the White House in 2012.

To avoid these problems, I think when a person runs for President there should be a requirement to show a birth certificate (long form), passport along with proof of residency (we already get financial statements). And throw in whatever else (high school and college transcripts not needed as they don't tell us much of nothing and will probably be obtained by the media somehow). These requirements may seem a bit ridiculous and they are, but it will avoid the circus we just went through.
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blackwind
Relax, nothing is under control
07:16 PM on 05/15/2011
But do we want to avoid circuses?
I thought all the clowns were great fun!
apiazza
There is no such thing as a fiscal conservative.
09:14 PM on 05/15/2011
Here is where I pretend I'm in the Tea Party and hit you over the head with the United States Constitution.

Article II, section 1 - No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President;

There you have it. It's ALREADY a requirement. There shouldn't be any doubt in your mind about President Obama. He would've had to fool 50 states to even get on the ballot in violation of the US Constitution. Now THAT would've been a huge conspiracy.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
robjh1
We Have Met the Enemy and he is Us: Pogo
09:37 PM on 05/15/2011
WRONG! The constitution doesn't require that a person show a birth certificate. Look at Article II Section I again.

Showing of the BC isn't required the person running only need be a natural born citizen or a citizen of the US.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Stephen Stafford
Be the answer to somebody's prayer!
03:44 PM on 05/15/2011
First, full disclosure. It has been charged by those who know me well that I critique everything. I don't, but that is what is said by those who are not me. That is because their views are colored by...nevermind. You get the point.

That said, I find it almost senseless to analyze and justify this birther madness. It has always been a lie. The people behind it have been shown clearly it is a lie. They continued to tell the lie and expand upon it.

To discuss it like it is a legitimate option in an argument is to support birtherism itself. We do not give neither equal time or credence to the Nazi's arguments, or the militant extremists who assaulted our nation. Why should birther madness, which is just as ridiculous, receive such respect.

Birther madness has always been foolishness espoused by fools. The only variable worth exploring is the degree of racism of a particular birther fool -on a extreme between dangerous and rabid. Beyond that, these investigative niceties just help legitimize undeserving bad air.
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RobH413
Game Six: All Things Are Possible
11:59 PM on 05/19/2011
I think the polling is just a measure of the madness. And the fact that there we STILL have less than half of Republicans and only 4 in 5 Dems able to say that the President was at least PROBABLY born in this country AFTER ALL THIS and with zero evidence to the contrary, is itself newsworthy. Not because of what it says about Obama or the 2012 presidential race but because of what is says about us as a population. Clearly, part of what it says is that we have not overcome our racism, as some would like to believe. But that can't account for all of it. Some of us must also be not very bright.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
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David Jeffers
The Divided States of America...
11:19 AM on 05/15/2011
As long as there is 1 person out there that will jump up and down about any issue, including this one, the media will give them a seat at the table...I would bet that if I went out and found the sole surviving "Flat Earther" the comedy news network or faux would sit him down and let him debate the experts. Sometimes people just need to let it go and move on...and the media needs to get back to basics and stop giving air time to anyone that has a pulse.
03:17 PM on 05/15/2011
The Flat Earth society has mostly been taking over by sarcastic folks who go a long way toward making the idea seem utterly silly by using pseudo-scientific nonsense. Including when they actively discredit an earlier theory to promote their new theory.

This is a fantastic strategy. Extreme unrelenting mockery.

Heh. You know, Ive had a thought for a while. What if we tried to pass a bill giving republicans total and ultimate control of the country? Theyd filibuster it because obama supported it. Likewise, we could try to pass a law that states that the conservative/GOP is a valid political entity in the US. Theyd scuttle it too.

And we'd laugh and laugh.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
David Jeffers
The Divided States of America...
04:38 PM on 05/15/2011
I think that you missed my point of how the Birther story, even with the Polls showing a loss of interest, is still news. The media will drag stories on forever and potential stories will be put out in the public arena to see if "they grow hair"...or take off.
10:27 AM on 05/15/2011
Basically the birthers claim was a device to discredit the Pres. They did not care whether it was a false accusation. They knew that the time was up and they got plenty of mileage on it. Besides it's hard to buck the reality of proof (truth) So now they will move on to other things. Basically I must add that there are a lot of very very stupid people in this country who believe such nonsense. They deserve to be deported. These people are the same ones who voted for bush.
03:22 PM on 05/15/2011
well i see where youre going with it sure. But im wondering, how does that line up with their false "Everyone but me at this exact moment is part of the big bad liberal conspiracy. Also, there really is a HUGE MONSTROUS Wolf and it REALLY is coming this time! Really!" meme.

Thatd be the boy who cried wolf. You probably knew that but im a huge obsessive fairy tale fan so I have no idea if what is common knowledge to me makes sense to anyone else. Im often told to stop using metaphors that only I understand.
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bigmadd
Retired Teamster & Vet USN
06:25 PM on 05/15/2011
I Miss those fools they showed how petty the republicans and their teaparty branch are.
10:26 AM on 05/15/2011
They will find another straw to grasp at soon enough. I'm sure many of them go to bed grinding their teeth at night that their many attacks haven't worked.
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Paperless Tiger
09:58 AM on 05/15/2011
They have a very short attention span, look at how they vote.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mike Finley
it was on fire when I lay down
09:51 AM on 05/15/2011
Maybe suspicious people are also gullible people.
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littlebrowngirl
Brevity is the soul of wit - Shakespeare
12:26 AM on 05/15/2011
The crazies are finding a new torch to carry. The birther thing is like an abandoned amusement park. On to the next one.
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LadyXoc
11:09 PM on 05/14/2011
I would put the whole birther tide, and its ebb at the door of Glenn Beck, who has become increasingly flaky and less credible. People are actually "doing the research" and finding out more and more that his factoids are just wind.
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aceshigh11
Nowhere is the dreamer or the misfit so alone
11:29 PM on 05/14/2011
I really HATE to defend Glenn Beck, but he has never been a birther.
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bigmadd
Retired Teamster & Vet USN
10:10 AM on 05/15/2011
There is so much Beck has done that is undefendable.
04:48 PM on 05/15/2011
Even a broken clock is right twice a day...