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Brian Levin, J.D.

Brian Levin, J.D.

Posted: May 4, 2010 03:28 PM

Exception to Miranda Takes Center Stage in Times Square Plot

What's Your Reaction:

As politicians and commentators square off over terrorism defendants like Faisal Shahzad, the alleged Times Square bomb plotter, being read their Miranda rights an important point is often missed. The United States Supreme Court has carved out a critical exception to the iconic legal rule that is often overlooked, but very important in cases like this. During a press conference at the Justice Department the FBI's Deputy Director John Pistole mentioned that the 30 year old naturalized American citizen from Pakistan was questioned pursuant to the public safety exception to the Miranda rule and that he provided authorities with valuable information. Pistole also explained that Shahzad continued his cooperation even after he was read his rights. Shahzad's charges in federal district court in Manhattan relate to terrorism and use of a weapon of mass destruction.

One of the most widely known Supreme Court cases in American history, Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) set forth the rule that a criminal suspect in custody must be advised of his rights once interrogation commences. The 5-4 landmark decision issued June 13, 1966 was one of a string of criminal procedure reforms handed down under the stewardship of liberal Chief Justice Earl Warren -- appointed by Republican President Eisenhower over a decade earlier. Ernesto Miranda's conviction for rape was overturned because he was not properly informed of his rights before confessing to his crime. After being retried Miranda was convicted and four years after his release was stabbed to death. Once apprehended one of the suspects in his death was read a "Miranda warning." The Miranda due process rights inform a suspect of their right to remain silent, that anything they say may be adversely used, and that they have a right to an attorney.

Almost twenty years after Miranda the United States Supreme Court under the more conservative leadership of Chief Justice Warren Burger reined in Miranda for the first time by carving the public safety exception. In New York v. Quarles, 467 U.S. 649 (1984), the High Court held that in limited circumstances where legitimate concerns about public safety exist, evidence and statements are admissible in a subsequent trial even when a suspect is not informed of his Miranda rights. In Quarles an armed rape suspect fled into a supermarket where he ditched his gun. Upon capture by the NYPD he was found to have an empty shoulder holster and was asked where his gun was. The court held that a public safety exception existed because the abandoned gun was a danger to the public.

As discussion about who should get Miranda rights intensifies, the exception as much as the rule should also carve the parameters of the debate.

 

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09:59 PM on 05/05/2010
The debate over whether Faisal Shahzad should have been read Miranda Rights, or stripped of his citizenship is a moot point. The bigger issue at hand is what kind of punishment will be handed down to Shahzad if he is found guilty of charges that he intended to set off a car bomb and kill scores of people.

http://philiptortora.blogspot.com/2010/05/forget-miranda-rights-punishment-phase.html
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carl gray
01:24 PM on 05/05/2010
Some people posting here seem to be laboring under the delusion that an accused person does not have the protection of the 5th and 6th Amendments UNTIL they are "read their rights". Mirandizing the ACCUSED does not "give" them their rights, it only informs someone who is ill informed of their rights.
I suspect that some of the public figures who have objected to police "informing" people of their "rights" are really advocating denying them these rights. I feel a chill wind of Authoritarianism (at best) in the air. I could use another word but it's highly over used. I think my meaning is clear..
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Hoosierbrad
I know it when I see it.
01:21 PM on 05/05/2010
It is also a fact that police can question you until the moon turns blue, if they do not intend to use that information as evidence against the person they are questioning. It still may be used as probable cause and evidence against a co-sonspirator.
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carl gray
01:35 PM on 05/05/2010
They can question you but you are still under the protection of the 5th and 6th amendments......Does anyone remember innocent til proven guilty??? There's a reason why we have the right to counsel....Namely past abuses by authorities......
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Hoosierbrad
I know it when I see it.
01:40 PM on 05/05/2010
Read what I said after the first comma.
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carl gray
01:48 PM on 05/05/2010
Hoos........my apology, I thought you were saying they could take advantage of your ignorance even if you weren't ignorant (of your right to remain silent?)
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LMPE
I connect the most dissimilar things
01:20 PM on 05/05/2010
The right wing must believe that Miranda rights should only apply if Goldman Sachs executives get arrested.
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carl gray
01:08 PM on 05/05/2010
Doncha know ...."government is the problem, not the solution." ..... Unless it's something these right wing reactionaries want.....Like more power......
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
11:56 AM on 05/05/2010
Miranda is good law and that alone should have kept the GOP and Reichwingnuts from protesting. But, alas, they flew off the handle at the first hint that the law should prevail when they act like frightened children.
And these people want to lead the country?
I'm glad cool heads were in charge of this one. A Job well done.
10:55 AM on 05/05/2010
Miranda v Arizona, is a clear example of "Judicial Activism", because SCOTUS is not afforded under the Constitution the right to make laws, which is exactly what they did in this case. So if you ask me "Miranda" is the violation, since it a law imposed on the people by Judges, who are were not elected, and therefore immune to the will of the people.
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Joeinloth
11:30 AM on 05/05/2010
You weren't asked and I'm guessing you're not qualified as any sort of a constitutional expert!
11:53 AM on 05/05/2010
Not claiming to be an expert, but I did notice you could not point out any actual flaw in my comment.
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
11:56 AM on 05/05/2010
LOL. good one. Two points
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Uncle Bill
ex-lawyer and teacher
01:10 PM on 05/05/2010
The Miranda majority did not simply make up law out of thin air, it established a rule to vindicate previously existing written law, the rights guaranteed by the fifth amendment. Miranda clarified and simplified challenges to confessions and incriminating statements under the fifth amendment right against compelled self incrimination.

Conservative political activists have sold you the Brooklyn Bridge of constitutional interpretation.
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SpongeBrad
Republicans Crashing the economy since 1929
10:34 AM on 05/05/2010
Miranda v. Arizona, after Az's new law part 2 comming to a supreme cout near you.
10:26 AM on 05/05/2010
Miranda is only a concern if there is not enough other evidence to convict. In this case there is over whelming evidence, so his statements would be icing on the cake. They are much more valueable in the intel they provide, so Miranda is an obstacle.
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
11:57 AM on 05/05/2010
you didn't read the article, did you?
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Texas Aggie
08:20 PM on 05/05/2010
Obviously not.
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genboomxer
Don't believe everything you think.
01:38 PM on 05/05/2010
WOW, how incredibly narrow of an interpretation. It seems you think Miranda is an unnecessary inconvenience.

Just because there's a preponderance of evidence does not entitle law enforcement or the judicial system to ignore the individual's rights and summarily convict them.

Are the 5th and 6th amendments an obstacle too?

Obliging law enforcement to make suspects aware of their Constitutional rights protects all of us against possible coersion.

Besides, there have been other rulings in the last 40 years that have tempered Miranda to where it is not as onerous as people think it was originally.
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LibDrummer
09:45 AM on 05/05/2010
"First of all, if anyone is left without health insurance
or the quality of their insurance goes down, or if the cost of their care goes up, you and Obama are at fault. Finallly, something you can't blame Bush for."

I don't remember anyone promising that health care reform would end inflation. Typical Right wing non logic.
09:02 AM on 05/05/2010
Your call for more a intelligent and literate citizenry would be more impactful if you would learn to use the 'caps' key a little more prudently.
08:52 AM on 05/05/2010
Miranda is irrelevant.

James Madison was very competent and gave us the perfect tool for dealing with this.

Article III Section III of the constitution:

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

How hard could it be to find 2 people who saw this man in that vehicle on that day?

Side note:

Even for so heinous a crime, the constitution expressly prohibits the government from stealing the property of the accused and if a conviction is secured they can but can only hold the property until the person dies. Then the property goes to the criminal's heirs.

He will not be charged with treason though.

Wouldn't want to alarm the people with the realization that war is a 2 way street.
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Joeinloth
08:59 AM on 05/05/2010
War is also constitutionally defined. Wouldn't want to alarm you that Congress hasn't declared war!
09:11 AM on 05/05/2010
War, legal or not is still war.
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08:48 AM on 05/05/2010
Did we have this discussion over Timothy McVeigh? We might have, but it was so muted I didn't notice it happening.

Or does this proposal only apply to non-American-born terrorists?
09:28 AM on 05/05/2010
McVeigh was already in custody when he was connected to the bombing.
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LibDrummer
09:36 AM on 05/05/2010
Irrelevant
08:47 AM on 05/05/2010
What I don't understand and at this age haven't so far,so please someone explain quickly.
Why,is it the Republicans when in charge, become RETHUGS,they TRAMPLE all over
LAWS,but when not,THEY ARE ALL FOR THE CONSTITUTION AND RULE OF LAW?
What I don't understand is WHY AREN'T THERE ENOUGH INTELLIGENT PEOPLE IN
THIS COUNTRY,THAT CAN SEE THROUGH THIS?DOES ANYONE IN AMERICA READ
ANYMORE OR JUST LISTEN AT WHAT THE PEOPLE THEY BELIEVE ARE TELLING
THE TRUTH,SAY.
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blueken
Finger Picking blues man
08:40 AM on 05/05/2010
If we can't convict this guy fairly in a courtroom with all the attention he is getting from our highest law enforcement agencies, we got a broken system.