For the past twenty years the voice of the architecture profession has mainly been drowned out by the computer generated sky-piercing towers of luxury. Year after year some of the biggest names in architecture tried to out do each other in what is technically feasible with oddly named styles of 'deconstruction', 'blobitecture' and 'ribbon architecture'. This constant craving to create jewels of desire in the urban fabric left the general public wondering what on earth we do. Now, with the global economy in tailspin, these exercises in object making have come to a crashing halt. For many of us, we couldn't be more thankful.
An architecture of excess vs. an architecture of relevance
In December 2008 New York Times architecture critic Nicolai Ouroussoff began his weekly column exclaiming 'Who knew a year ago that we were nearing the end of one of the most delirious eras in modern architectural history?' For the vast majority of design and construction professionals this era ended long ago. It's as though the New York Times were the last to offer a eulogy at a funeral that long since took place.
The fact is, there has been a split forming in the profession for quite sometime. While some in the industry pushed the boundaries of how to build, a new younger group of professionals began to question why we build and who to build for. This week Architecture for Humanity turned ten and we were stunned to realize we had over 40,000 professionals as part of our network over that time - most of whom are part of this later group. We've hit a point where the architecture of excess and the architecture of relevance are set to collide. Given the global crises around us, I know which side I'm rooting for.
Why? Let's take a step back. On a global level 1:7 people live in unplanned settlements, favelas, refugee camps or internally displaced camps. Close to 5 billion people live in inadequate living conditions and have little access to education, health care and adequate sanitation. Almost none of these communities utilize the services of design professionals. For those of us that work in this arena we are being swamped with requests for help from the camps in the eastern Congo to the hoovervilles in southern California. The desire for well built, sustainable structures is immense and young professionals seeking meaning are finding themselves drawn to providing their expertise to these communities. There is immense opportunity for architects to work in the service of humanity rather awkwardly trying to define it or worse impose a solution on it.
This evening I was set to debate Zaha Hadid on ethics in architecture at the Barbican in London. I had flown in specially and in the run-up to tonights' debate I imagined it to be a sort of Ali vs. Foreman fight over the role of the architect within the built environment and how we, as a profession, can act and react to the current economic downtown.
In the circles of the cultural elite I know I'm stepping on very thin ice. Given that she is the first female Pritzker Prize winner I've been told more than once that 'one cannot criticize her'. While Ms. Hadid has certainly made a lasting impact in the architectural discourse, the physical structures created have been on occasion environmentally unsound, exclusive in nature and at times ethically dubious. They fight for attention, piercing the fabric of the city instead of weaving it into a stronger and more interconnected environment.
As for our debate tonight sure enough, as is her reputation, she pulled out and sent an understudy. So much like the scenario that played out in the Ali/Foreman duel, our one on one debate is currently postponed.
Update: The debate itself was not as focused as it could be, mainly as the panel questioned what is 'good design', what is 'ethics', what does 'change the world' mean. Not that this was a bad thing. It was clear that we were along way off from agreeing the framework of the debate but it lead to five different viewpoints all of which were valid. I was surprised to see how many presentations did not have people in the images or even completed structures.
What was apparent is that most of the panel was more concerned about personal ethics (even morality) rather than as a collective. It was more how I see myself in the situation not how I see the profession and its' ability to adapt to current changes in our environment, our politics, our economy or our culture. I felt the constant self referencing to morals and morality was more of a red herring but interesting to debate. As this level we are all personally challenged on a daily basis, especially those who have to decide between taking a less than desirable job in order to keep the firm afloat.
I'm sure if anything gets written about this panel it would be our ability to agree to disagree, that having no conclusion is a good thing and the couple of interesting comments said in the heat of the moment. I did think some of the audience questions was as insightful as many of our answers.
Also there is a nice followup by Francis Anderton who suggests this debate is irrelevant. However the idea that this is a black and white matter is simply not the case. Certainly, as she clearly points out, many 'big name' architects have done socially responsible work - although far less than the sort of requirements laid out in the medical or legal profession. The debate is not about replacing one ism with another, it is about investigating what happens in the vacuum left with a global downturn in the economy. Will architects retrench to just super-rich clients or become more theoretical while we ride out the recession OR is there a role to play for the expanding the profession into realms that are more relevant to the current climate.
The argument was never about starachitect vs. non-starachitect but how we adapt and change as a group of professionals that is dedicated to improving the physical environments that we call life. There is no 'architecture with a big A' there is only architecture and how we practice it matters not just for the state of the world but the survival of the practice.
Follow Cameron Sinclair on Twitter: www.twitter.com/casinclair
Zaha Hadid is no saint, but I don't blame her for not showing up to be abused by Mr. Sinclair. He appears to be looking for a straw man to knock down and perhaps thought a straw woman would be an easier target.
Mr. Sinclair presents himself as having a faint grasp of the profession of architecture and it's theorization. He shows little understanding of the fading power of the architect, as opposed to that of the client or developer, of cities and planners. He also has poor grammar and spelling - can we expect more from a self-proclaimed leader of society, please? The whole Ali vs. Foreman reference is so self-agrandizing and narcissistic, I don't even know where to start with it...
Oversized homes are echoing over-powered cars which in turn are echoing the frustration due to poor individual mobility with cars, since roads are only built to where the State allows you to go. This was started after WWII, when governments learnt that control of the airspace was needed for power enforcement, otherwise they could as well have promoted personal aircraft.
It's time for a flying Model T, enabling people living on top of each other in cities to spread far beyond the green belt, with homes like birdnests, i.e. spheres, and like nature does when it plants a home-size volume into the landscape, i.e. on a slim stem.
No architects needed for spherical homes and other types of buildings accommodating this simplest and most effective of all shapes. No footprint on the landscape by neither roads nor homes, and instead of ever bigger cars for safety in case of collision, ever smaller aircraft for swift collision avoidance.
Add it all up in terms of spared materials and engineering resources, and you are then allowed to speak about real change for a sustainable future for our children.
Sinclair and Hadid are engaged in two very different activities - I suspect Sinclair knows this - and if I were Hadid, given Sinclair's attitude that seeks to create one thing by destroying something else, why stick around, or even show up, to be insulted?
The Ali/Fraser comment it is what is known as a humorous metaphor, in what some circles we call a joke. Prior to the event the fight was classed as an underdog (Ali) vs. the clear favorite (Foreman) yet fate played a heavy hand in the outcome. As she didn't show it was like when Fraser pulled out and postponed that event. In the profession we tend to take ourselves way, way to seriously and it is no wonder the general public scratch their heads when we are off waxing lyrical about 'role of architecture'.
In the debate her firm showed 9 slides of monochromatic large scale urban plans that were devoid of human beings, natural landscape and the intricacies of life. The 'imposing pre-architecture ideas' (as Jencks called them) are just the sort of thing that local communities react badly too. They had the opportunity to show some great work the firm has done (Maggie's in Fife) yet chose not to. Quite bemusing. As one employee pointed the firm creates and defines our culture which 'is as important, if not more, than providing clean water or basic shelter to communities in need'
In a time when homes are being foreclosed, schools and health facilities and the number of natural and man made disasters are increasing we need to be training a profession that is relevant to the current state of the world not JUST for the few. There is always going to be iconic architects and iconic architecture but it's healthy to question the validity of their and our work in the large scale.
The sad part is many of the young singles or couples that would see those houses as great starters are scared to even look for a home - all they hear is about what a bad housing market it is. It's a bad SELLER'S market, is all (I know, that's not a little thing if you're the seller). It's bad if you bought a house 3 or 4 years ago paying a premium price and the value has dropped. But if you've got good credit buying your first home, then it's definitely not so bad...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfCoysW3pEw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb1-sUkLoD8&feature=related
Gawad Kalinga will hold its annual GK Global Summit on June 12-14, 2009 at the Boston Marriott Hotel. Check out http://www.gawadkalinga.org/globalsummit/
Less of Self, More for Others, Enough for All....Gawad Kalinga.
The professor who started 'Engineers Without Borders' said that he saw more from-the-heart smiles in some of those villages in one day -- than he saw in a whole year at the University of Colorado (ouch America!). He said being with those villagers helped him to be a better father, friend, etc.
It might be good for some of our modern world's young architects to visit those villages to not only offer assistance where needed (earthquake-proof, low-cost schools and clinics) -- but to also learn to trust the open-heartedness of others -- and, to become more open-hearted themselves. I promise you, this is something the modern world needs very, very much.
Bless
Thank you for all you have done for our world that we will one day leave to our children.
Still inspired a year later, but finding few opportunities for designing innovative projects, effortlessdesign began an adaptive reuse of a deteriorated commercial building into two affordable townhouses, revitalized the commercial spaces, and made a commitment to using local suppliers and contractors. The project is located in a walkable neighborhood, on a regional bus route, and in area turning around from economic decline. (see www.econewbedford.blogspot.com)
This type of project requires a comprehensive will, especially in these economic times, that was developed in my architecture training and design/build practice. Cameron's critique of the architecture profession is a shot in the arm. So often this Smart Growth Mixed Use project is dismissed because of its scale. However it is truly architecture because it is completely bold; solving complex problems. Getting out there and producing community-based projects, creating jobs, and changing with the times is the role of the architect that will help the general public understand what we do.
Thanks Cameron for your ten-year effort and insightful analysis that means everything.