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Carlo Strenger

Carlo Strenger

Posted: December 17, 2010 12:53 PM

Israel needs the two-state solution not to please the gentiles, but because of Jewish values, and the lessons of Jewish history.

It was a matter of time, and the writing has been on the wall. The Palestinians have warned a number of times that if negotiations would not move forward, they would resort to either of two strategies: the first is to dismantle the Palestinian Authority and to hand Israel the responsibility for administering the West-Bank; the second is to ask the United Nations to recognize a Palestinian State within the 1967 borders.

Fortunately for Israel, the second strategy looks more likely now. Argentina's Cristina Kirchner has joined Brazil's Lula and recognized the Palestinian state. They probably set the precedent that will draw in more South American countries, and many countries of the Third World. Quite a few Western countries will be happy to join. Soon the Palestinians will be certain to have a majority in the UN General Assembly and will ask for recognition, learning from the Zionist movement that achieved the same on Nov. 29, 1947.

Is this bad for the Jews? I don't think so, even though it would be vastly preferable for Israel to strive actively towards the implementation of the two-state solution rather than being dragged into it kicking, screaming and haggling for more gifts from Uncle Sam for a ninety day settlement freeze.

But, the self-appointed defenders of Israel's interests from the right will argue, "This is naive! Bibi has been vindicated by the last installment of Wikileaks; we all know now that the Palestinian problem is not the real issue in the Middle East! The real problem is Iran! We can now finally convince the world that they should stop pressuring us on Palestine!"

Well, it's time to clarify something. Those of us who have, for decades, argued that Israel needs to stop ruling the Palestinians have, in the last years, reverted to arguing that this is in Israel's interest because Israel is maneuvering itself into unprecedented international isolation. But this was basically a rhetorical ploy to reach narrow-minded right wingers.

The real reason why Israel needs the two-state solution is not that we want to please the gentiles. The true motivation for insisting on the two-state solution is that we want this state to have a Jewish character. By Jewish we don't mean that it should be a theocracy; or that it should give Jews more rights than to Arabs. We mean that the State of Israel must learn the lesson of the history of persecution that Jews have endured for two Millennia.

This persecution was due to one of the most unpalatable characteristics of human nature: to think and feel in tribal terms. Jews were persecuted because they had a different religion; because they behaved differently, and because they insisted on their right to determine their own identity. First we were persecuted on religious grounds, then on spurious racial conceptions of purity.

It has taken humanity most of history, including the Holocaust, to come to realize that we need a conception of human rights that transcends the boundary of all nation states. The overwhelming majority of Jews around the world have enthusiastically embraced this idea. If only the world had reacted to the Nazis the way they, belatedly, reacted in Bosnia and, just in time, in Kosovo! If only it had been clear then that all human beings, never mind their color or creed, have the same rights!

But, the standard right-wing interlocutor will say, "This whole conception of human rights is a sham! Look at Iran; look at Saudi Arabia; look at Egypt; look at Hamas; they keep using the notion of human rights while trampling them in their own countries. Why should we be the ones that take the idea of universal human rights seriously?"

The answer is simple: because it is based on universal justice. We Jews pride ourselves that we have upheld notions of justice as non-negotiable; that we have always believed that ethics is not a matter of power, but of objective goodness. That's why Jews played a central role in the Civil Rights movement in the US; that's why Jews fight against racism and other forms of discrimination all over the world. The argument, 'but others don't behave as they should', has never been the Jewish way of thought.

Hence, it is a pity if Israel will have to be dragged into the two-state solution by international pressure rather than moving there on its own initiative. The Jewish people has survived because it has never believed that might is right; because it has insisted that there is no compromise on issues of principle. I firmly believe that the current wave of nationalism sweeping Israel is but a brief historical episode; that the majority of Israelis have been swept into it by panic, manipulated by professional fear-mongers. Once we return to the Jewish tradition of tikkun olam, of sticking to principle rather than being guided by fear, we will reconnect to our historical source of strength.

 
 
 
 
 
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10:40 PM on 12/20/2010
Why does no-one mention that current-day Jordan comprised approximately 75% of the British Mandate of Palestine, which was to be divided between the Jews and the Palestinians. Of the remaining 25%, Israel has de facto control of 78%, leaving the Palestinians 22%, or about 5% of the original mandate. This is woefully inequitable, since the Hashemites are vastly outnumbered by the actual Palestinians. To have any chance of success, and to bring a lasting peace to the whole area, the land east of the Jordan River should be brought into the equation, because, not only is it logical, but it would provide a sustainable area to house and support the millions of Palestinians who would settle in their country of Palestine.
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Carlo Strenger
Professor of Psychology, Tel Aviv University
01:58 AM on 12/20/2010
First I'd like to thank for a thoughtful discussion of a topic that, unfortunately, tends to draw cliches and plenty of aggression rather than argument and thought.
eric 14: by 'pleasing the gentiles' I'm addressing an unfortunate tendency on Israel's right to claim that Israeli liberals who want the two state solution are 'self-hating Jews' who want to 'please the gentiles'. My piece is meant to make clear that Jewish liberals, both in Israel and around the world, have a clearly defined ethical worldview. Of course we share many aspects of this worldview with liberals from nations, ethnicities and religions.

NTT: quite unfortunately I am not just preaching only to the converted. If there were not many right-leaning Jews (and right-wing American Christian supporters of Israel) who do not think that Israel should strive for the two-state solution on its own, I wouldn't have to write this.

Of course there are risks involved in the two-state solution. Many Palestinians, primarily of course Hamas, have not accepted Israel's existence. But it is an illusion to think that the status quo is tenable, either politically or morally.

Finally: I don't expect any positive developments from Netanyahu's current government, but I hope that sanity will prevail in the end.
10:39 AM on 12/25/2010
Happy Holidays to all.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tC05YXbYF8Q

and Peace on Earth.
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04:56 PM on 12/19/2010
it's Israel who has the values problem not the Jewish people themselves.
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10:36 AM on 12/20/2010
huh? "the Jewish people" make up app. 80% of Israel...."the jewish homeland"....
so what exactly do you mean?
01:02 PM on 12/19/2010
'' not to please the gentiles ''
------------------------------
You know what is really cool about multiculturalism is the way you can be insulted by those different from yourself but it's okay! I speak as a non-Muslim non-Jew, non-Christian, non-atheist, non-agnostic. But hey it's okay I don't think that's defining me negatively.

Two state solution leaves Jerusalem insoluble. Make Jerusalem self-governing city which can still be religious capital of Judaism but not political capital of Israel.

I am in not in favor of a negotiated peace. I would like an imposed peace. At the moment we have an imposed war. A negotiated peace is impossible. One gentile's opinion..
mage
homemaker
12:47 PM on 12/19/2010
Great article..From your mouth, to God's ear, may the Two States solution be implemented soon.
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NTT
Fighting rants with facts
05:11 AM on 12/19/2010
Mr. Strenger, you argue passionately for a two-state solution. I agree with the concept. All Israelis I ever met agreed with that. Even Netanyahu and Lieberman agree.

You also argue that ""Israel needs to stop ruling the Palestinians". What I don't understand is: who are you arguing with?? With the vast majority of Israelis who (in many polls, as well as in many elections), had said precisely that? With Netanyahu who said of Palestinians: "We do not want to rule over them. We do not want to run their lives. We do not want to force our flag and our culture on them. In my vision of peace, there are two free peoples living side by side in this small land, with good neighborly relations and mutual respect, each with its flag, anthem and government, with neither one threatening its neighbor's security and existence"?

You, Mr. Strenger, are preaching to the choir. Unfortunately, the Palestinian "leadership" does NOT support "two states for two peoples". At most, their version of "two-states" boils down to "one for Arabs now, the other for Arabs in the near future". This is not willingness to make peace, but more of the same Arab struggle to deny the Jewish nation a state of their own. This is the only obstacle to peace and the only reason why, unfortunately for the Palestinians, they will probably never have a state of their own.
10:50 PM on 12/18/2010
I enjoyed reading your article and got the point. As I understand the moral values of the Jews are similar to the moral values of the Arabs or Christians in that there's good and bad in each of them. I hope that more Jews search their soul, see the suffering of the Palestinians and let them be free.
02:21 PM on 12/18/2010
Please... Don't include this in the "values":

Kosovo organ donor ring: the Israeli connection
Most international trafficking rings have involved wealthy Israeli patients on 'transplant tours' (The Guardian)
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06:24 PM on 12/18/2010
Be fair. First of all, because few Israelis donate organs there is a greater need/market than in most countries.

And the case you cite appears to concern a Turkish Surgeon with Israeli brokers.

As the Jerusalem Post (cough cough...) stated. "...media like to shed light on supposed Israeli involvement in organ trafficking, but what this case shows is that the networks behind the story have much deeper and more disturbing roots."

It is simply about evil people and that transcends nationality.
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FIGI
12:57 PM on 12/18/2010
What does self-promotion and acquisition of wealth have to do with this?
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12:23 PM on 12/18/2010
This cat is way too far out of the bag and the truth now has a life of it's own. The world, and more importantly Israel's great enabler the US, is beginning to see Israel in it's truth. Israel's image is being shattered by nothing more and nothing less than the truth itself - - that and their own continuing policies and actions.
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livnletliv
11:12 AM on 12/18/2010
"I firmly believe that the current wave of nationalis­m sweeping Israel is but a brief historical episode" wish that was true, problem history and common deeply held notions in the Jewish Character point otherwise!
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12:32 PM on 12/18/2010
Einstein had this to say:

"In a 1938 speech, "Our Debt to Zionism", he said: "I should much rather see reasonable agreement with the Arabs on the basis of living together in peace than the creation of a Jewish state. My awareness of the essential nature of Judaism resists the idea of a Jewish state with borders, an army, and a measure of temporal power, no matter how modest. I am afraid of the inner damage Judaism will sustain—especially from the development of a narrow nationalism within our own ranks, [ ] ."[13]"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein's_political_views
11:11 AM on 12/18/2010
Either way i hope the suffering of the Palestinians ends soon.The US support for israel even when israel commits the most shameful of atrocities damages both countries.
Human Rights are universal , the author recognises this.
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Carlo Strenger
Professor of Psychology, Tel Aviv University
11:07 AM on 12/18/2010
Some of the comments wonder whether the nation state is not an anachronism. Well: I don't have too much sympathy for the nation state. If I thought that a Mediterranean Union, EU style, was a realistic option, I'd vastly prefer it to chipping the area into small nation states. For the time being, I think that the one-state solution (or anything except the pedestrian two-state solution) is, at best, an unrealistic utopia, and, at worst, a blueprint for a Bosnia-like disaster.

Given the distrust between the parties, all we can ask for is human decency (cf Avishai Margalit's excellent 'The Decent Society') that respects human rights; and that, for the time being, means the two-state solution.

This gets me to the second point: I have no pretensions of defining what 'true' Jewishness is. But I most definitely have a preference for the modern version of Jewish identity that has made an effort to draw conclusions from the horrors of the 20th century - including the holocaust. I am completely aware that there are highly ethnocentric versions of Judaism for which I have zero sympathy. So while I cannot speak for all Jews on the planet, my perspective reflects the majority of Jews on the planet, who are liberal in their politics and universalist (rather than tribal) in their ethics, even though a vocal minority attracts most of the attention.
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02:32 PM on 12/18/2010
"universali­st (rather than tribal) "

The ideas of moving to Universalism are the roots of Christianity, which is, of course, rooted in Judaism. Universalism was a big threat to the Tribal leaders and tribal social structures of the times.
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05:58 PM on 12/18/2010
And it still is. Zionism is tribal nationalism.

You mention the Bosnia, but do not mention recent attempt at the complete Genocide of Bosniaks.

Barak, the Israeli Defense Minister recently said Israel needs continued aid from the US because Israel is surrounded by different systems. Think about what he is saying there. Sounds like the Serbian Nationalist argument to justify the slaughter.
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07:50 AM on 12/18/2010
I completely agree with the article's author that Israel needs the two-state solution.
However I wish to differ on this point:
If Israel is "dragged kicking and screaming" into a two-state solution, that mean a few extra things:
1) Israel did not give up on Judaism's 3000 year old Holy sites currently in Hebron, Nablus and elsewhere.
2) Israel can haggle for more in the eventually-forced-upon deal
12:39 PM on 12/18/2010
Umm, why? By what right?
09:17 PM on 12/18/2010
They won..the Arabs lost..hey have nothing to bargain with!