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Carol Felsenthal

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Getting X-Rayed at the Airport: Radiation Risk Anyone?

Posted: 12/30/09 12:25 PM ET

When I was a child growing up in Chicago, a trip to the pediatrician was made tolerable by a cool machine, called a Fluoroscope, in the doc's examination room that allowed my brothers and me to stand in front of it, fully clothed, and get a look at each others' innards. (The ribs were always my favorite). The neighborhood shoe store had its own abbreviated version: we put on the shoes we wanted to buy and stuck our feet in an x-ray machine so my mother could see if we really had enough growing room.

I shudder now at the very thought of this excess radiation; then again our pediatrician chained-smoked his way through examining us and, before long, died of lung cancer.

Having just consumed the four newspapers that land at my doorstep every morning, I read in both Chicago dailies and the New York Times and Wall Street Journal much about the full-body scanners that seem destined for airports around the world-- in hopes that they might prevent another near miss like the Christmas Day attempt by the young Nigerian to blow a hole in the side of the Amsterdam to Detroit airplane. I read about the ACLU and privacy concerns. I read that the scanners won't detect dangerous materials in body orifices; or stowed between layers of fat in an obese passengers. I read in an editorial in the Chicago Tribune that the scanners are "similar to MRI machines." I read in the Chicago Sun-Times that they're like "low-level X-rays."

I've read nothing about the accumulated radiation risk. Will pregnant women be forced to submit? What about women who aren't certain that they're pregnant? What about adolescents whose bodies are still developing, or, worse yet, infants or toddlers. Surely the day will come when some would-be terrorist decides to hide his chemicals and syringes in a baby's diaper or PJs.

What about people who fly often for business? What about the possibility that human error, messed-up settings could cause the machines to expose passengers to excess levels of radiation. It happened in one of the country's best hospitals recently when patients undergoing CT scans were exposed to dangerous, even potentially deadly, levels of radiation. Will we want to trust TSA employers to make certain all settings are correct all or even most of the time?

Before the Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Congress revisits this issue--invasion of privacy has been the key concern for the latter--the subject of radiation exposure must be addressed.

Maureen Dowd conjured up a wonderful image in her column on Wednesday--of passengers herded through security in hospital gowns, "flapping open in the back."

Perhaps something could be worked out so passengers ordered into the scanners could get mammograms and dental x-rays at the same time.

 
 
 
 
 
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08:14 PM on 01/01/2010
Wait a minute, what are we doing here, debating RADS? Folks,we're playing the international version of whac-a-mole with these guys, aren't we? Someone gets on a plane with liquid, we ban liquid. Someone gets on a plane with explosive in his shoes, we scan shoes. Someone gets on a plane with explosives on his leg what to do, we can't ban pants. Ah, we're planning on buying thousands of these strip search body scanners at @ $160,000 a pop because some kid was distraught over doing badly on his SATs got on an airplane? I think they are winning.
My simple yet brilliant answer is to get passengers and any luggage of choice on the plane. Anesthetize and fly them. No bombs, no boredom, no crying babies, no serving carts, wheels down in seemingly no time. No seats, stack them, save space. A trillion dollars saved. RapidRay for US Senate!!!
05:22 PM on 01/01/2010
Carol, you really got the proverbial "tempest in a teapot" going on this one! Good day's work, I'd say :-)
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
10:04 AM on 01/01/2010
All-body scanners do not use X rays, so the accumulated dose is zero.
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TheIndependenceParty
Cranky yankee and a rehabilitated ex-Republican
09:05 AM on 01/02/2010
They must either use externally transmitted energy, or energy transmitted energy from the body itself. Please share information about which it is.
01:39 AM on 01/01/2010
As other commenters have noted, the leading technology for full body scans is millimeter-wave (which might best be thought of as a kind of radar). mm-waves are much less energetic than x-rays, and so have a MUCH lower effect on living cells. This technology has nothing to do with the large magnetic fields involved in MRI. It is more aptly compared to the electromagnetic radiation involved with using a cell phone.

It is also true that every high-altitude commercial airplane flight exposes you to cosmic radiation (which is MORE energetic than x-rays) equivalent to several dental x-rays.

I am a big believer in the precautionary principle, but there is a flip side to the precautionary principle, which is: if you can tell that the the risk of a particular activity is irrelevant to overall risk, there is no reason to prohibit it. In this case, it is clearly true that scanning devices can be designed such that their contribution to a traveller's radiation exposure is far less than the unavoidable contribution (via cosmic rays) from simply taking an airplane trip. The scan radiation is irrelevant.
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xena
02:28 PM on 12/31/2009
Not only radiation, but the fact these are like MRI machines. I have an implanted pacemaker/defibrillator and can't be anywhere near an MRI machine. It could actually rip it from the tissues in my heart. They'll have to build walls around these machines for the millions of people with ICDs. How's that going to work with already limited space at airports?
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
10:05 AM on 01/01/2010
That's because MRI machines use powerful magnets. All-body scanners do not, so no risk and no walls.
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xena
02:08 PM on 01/02/2010
I'm really not trying to argue with you. I would appreciate any information on the subject. If there is no danger for ICDs that's great, but do you have any links? Thanx.
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wyldthings
as a young man I said I'd never get old an didn'
01:41 PM on 12/31/2009
There is a simple solution to this. Have 2 planes available 1 has a brief security check and 1 that does the body scan. Then those of you that feel inconvienenced fly the 1 with a brief security check and I will fly the other even though it will take a few moments more. Or better yet DON"T FLY
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NotStarvingArtist
"Art is the signature of civilizations."
06:15 PM on 12/31/2009
I'll take the one with the brief security check. The odds of my being on a plane that gets blown up by a terrorist are much less than the odds of my getting killed in a car accident on the way to work every day.
12:45 PM on 12/31/2009
SOME FACTS AND THOUGHTS
1. MRI has no ionizing (x-ray) radiation exposure.
2. Cell phones/ microwaves doe not create fluoroscopic exposure.
3. There is no data to accurately risk stratify ( the likelihood of developing cancer or a malignancy) as a result of of cumulative doses of even low-dose ionizing radiation- In other words the cumulative exposure of frequent travelers is potentially concerning if exposed to fluoroscopic based body scanners. additionally, I am pretty certain that some subsets of people are more prone to the effects of ionizing radiation as compared to others.
4. The comment of a person stating that a scan was done multiple times= multiple cumulative doses of radiation - not a trivial issue
5. Radiation concerns are higher in kids and pregnant females when compared to the general population.
6. Contrary to one of the people commenting- Pat me down anytime- Don't radiate me if I don't need to be radiated (IF these are radiation based body scan systems) This comes from one who does procedures guided by fluoroscopy on a dailyy basis.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
10:08 AM on 01/01/2010
These scanners do not use MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or backscatter X-ray fluorescence.
There is no magnetic field or radiation exposure. Are you happy to own a microwave oven?
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midwesthousewife
11:03 AM on 01/01/2010
No, I refuse to use a microwave for lots of reasons. Don't feel I miss anything.
11:40 AM on 12/31/2009
I think the concern may be well-founded. Here's a recent paper on the radiation risk associated with CT scans.

http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/169/22/2078

"An estimated 1 in 270 women who underwent CT coronary angiography at age 40 years will develop cancer from that CT scan (1 in 600 men), compared with an estimated 1 in 8100 women who had a routine head CT scan at the same age (1 in 11 080 men). For 20-year-old patients, the risks were approximately doubled, and for 60-year-old patients, they were approximately 50% lower."

And that's just from one. What if you travel several times a year? Several times a month?
11:48 AM on 12/31/2009
Or maybe not. The radiation appears to be far less than from a CT scan:

http://casesblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-radiation-exposure-from-full.html

"Dr. Albert J. Fornace Jr., an expert in molecular oncology at Georgetown University Medical Center, said such a low dose was inconsequential, even for pregnant women. “Obviously, no radiation is even better than even a very low level,” Dr. Fornace said. “But this is trivial.” But David J. Brenner, a professor of radiation oncology at Columbia University, said that even though the risk for any individual was extremely low, he would still avoid it."
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
10:08 AM on 01/01/2010
CT scans use X rays. Millimeter wave security imagers do not. It's not relevant.
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Jimboy17
11:17 AM on 12/31/2009
"The two main types of scanners are "millimeter wave" and "backscatter" machines. Millimeter wave units send radio waves over a person and produce a three-dimensional image by measuring the energy reflected back. Backscatter machines use low-level X-rays to create a two-dimensional image of the body"...

Clearly, in the first case, radiation is not a concern, in the second, it is negligible (the amounts are lower than regular X rays). I wish that the author had bothered to read up on the actual technology first before holding forth. Scientific ignorance is painful to witness.
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TexasDem0
USMC Vietnam combat vet
10:47 AM on 12/31/2009
I saw a few articles about using scanners, but nothing about X-rays.
Are you certain that the scanners use X-rays and not some other technology?
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jennysez
09:56 AM on 12/31/2009
I don't know, I just went through one of those scanners at Raleigh and it was quick and way more comfortable than being patted down by some TSA agent. I didn't even think about radiation exposure. The only thing that bugged me was that the 2 TSA male agents "conducting" the scan kept me standing there in that tube with my arms up so they could scan me 3 times, they kept saying that the technician had to "recalibrate" the machine, and stared at my chest, mouths open, the entire time. Trust me, I'd rather risk the dose of radiation than let tweedle dee and tweedle dum there touch me.
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Carol Felsenthal
04:02 PM on 01/01/2010
It's interesting that the illustrations or photos that run in newspaper stories on full-body scanners are almost always of middle-aged men. I've yet to see one of a woman of any age.
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Carol Felsenthal
04:16 PM on 01/01/2010
For an example of what I mean, see 1/1/10 Washington Post --the story illustrated with an AP photo of a man:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/31/AR2009123101746.html
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SUSANINCOLUMBIA
09:33 AM on 12/31/2009
For those of you out there who are worried about the radiation they receive when going through scanning devices at the airport and the potential long term consequences of such radiation....let's say you are getting on a flight today and unbeknownst to you there is a terrorist with explosives in his underwear who is about to get on your plane.
Do you realllllllly not want those scanning devices to be used because of the potential radiation effects?
Grunty1
Micro-bio this
09:56 AM on 12/31/2009
Chance of radiation exposure: 100%
Chance of a diaper wearing terraist: far less than 1%

I'll take my chances.
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SUSANINCOLUMBIA
10:23 AM on 12/31/2009
I guess you don't use cell phones, televisions and microwave ovens either then.
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Jimboy17
11:25 AM on 12/31/2009
The problem isn't scanning. We will never be able to stop everything, no matter how many rights we suspend, or how invasive we get. Think with your mind, and not with your emotions. Your checked luggage isn't subjected to anywhere near the same standards, and cargo even less. This is for show, to keep people flying, nothing else.

If intelligence procedures and policies had been followed, and if communications and technology were up to date, this even wouldn't even have happened.
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medicontheedge
big loud broad
04:31 PM on 12/31/2009
So true.... there is even a name for it: "theater of security" every incident that has occured, including the tragedy of 9/11, happened because of INTELLIGENCE FAILURES.

Our govenment has been given broad powers to spy on all of our actions and communications, and the only thing they seem to be using this info for is drug busts and punitive actions against those with whom they have "issues" with.

Profiling absolutely should be done, and anyone traveling to & from, and with certain countries passports, SHOULD BE SINGLED OUT FOR CLOSER SCRUTINY.
09:17 AM on 12/31/2009
How long til the scanner photos are posted on YouTube ? Who cares about cancer when your genitals are on display with funny captions lol. Can't wait.

I can see it now, after being indignantly humiliated by a security clerk posting the naked photo of Lindsy Lohan she's now been diagnosed with cancer. Tabloid heaven.

Coming to an airport near you.

Thank God for Corruption and greed. What would we do without it ?
12:19 PM on 01/01/2010
Are they going to scan children? How is that not pedophilia?
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08:54 AM on 12/31/2009
Flying causes increased radiation exposure to cosmic radiation. Flying from Atlanta to LA causes the same exposure as a chest x-ray. Why is this never discussed? Bottom line, the little bit of radiation wont kill you. EVeryday we are bombarded by radiation and radon gas. We are all going to die. Get over it.
11:47 AM on 12/31/2009
i read recently that flying thru an electrical storm gives you the radiation equivalent of 400 xrays, essentially your lifetime dosage.
08:45 AM on 12/31/2009
How are these machines going to be maintained? Who is going to do the QC, QA and are they going to be properly trained not only do the procedures but be trained to understand what it means in danger to the public when Quality Control is not maintained?

One the biggest mantras in the medical profession are QC and QA, quality control, and quality assurance.
These are regular mandated checks to make sure equipment and tests and procedures are wroking correctly.

As a medical lab tech I am intimately aware of the daily, weekly, yearly, checks that are run of all tests, reagents, and equipment, even the filtered water. Labs are inspected annually, with the hospital, by FEMA, and also annually by either CAP or COLA.

I have no aquaintance with how the Radiology department manages it QC and QA, but I have not doubt that they have to prove that the equipment is working properly and that results are reliable.

Outside of a lab virtually no one in a hospital knows about the QC that goes on, nor would anyone not a lab tech be able to do the procedures of understand the math that determins the paramaters of being in QC or out of QC.

So who is going to insure that the equipment works safely and accurately, and who is going to make sure that those who do the QC are doing it correctly?
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lcr999
scientist
12:00 AM on 01/01/2010
I assure you that the maintenance and QC requirements for an airplane are much more demanding than that for a scanner. I think they can handle this.