iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Charles Garcia

GET UPDATES FROM Charles Garcia
 

Why 'Illegal Immigrant' is a Slur

Posted: 07/06/2012 9:31 am

Last month's Supreme Court decision in the landmark Arizona immigration case was groundbreaking for what it omitted: the words "illegal immigrants" and "illegal aliens," except when quoting other sources. The court's nonjudgmental language established a humanistic approach to our current restructuring of immigration policy.

When you label someone an "illegal alien" or "illegal immigrant" or just plain "illegal," you are effectively saying the individual, as opposed to the actions the person has taken, is unlawful. The terms imply the very existence of an unauthorized migrant in America is criminal.

In this country, there is still a presumption of innocence that requires a jury to convict someone of a crime. If you don't pay your taxes, are you an illegal? What if you get a speeding ticket? A murder conviction? No. You're still not an illegal. Even alleged terrorists and child molesters aren't labeled illegals.

By becoming judge, jury and executioner, you dehumanize the individual and generate animosity toward them. New York Times editorial writer Lawrence Downes says "illegal" is often "a code word for racial and ethnic hatred."

The term "illegal immigrant" was first used in 1939 as a slur by the British toward Jews who were fleeing the Nazis and entering Palestine without authorization. Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Prize winner Elie Wiesel aptly said that "no human being is illegal."

Migrant workers residing unlawfully in the U.S. are not -- and never have been -- criminals. They are subject to deportation, through a civil administrative procedure that differs from criminal prosecution, and where judges have wide discretion to allow certain foreign nationals to remain here.

Another misconception is that the vast majority of migrant workers currently out of status sneak across our southern border in the middle of the night. Actually, almost half enter the U.S. with a valid tourist or work visa and overstay their allotted time. Many go to school, find a job, get married and start a family. And some even join the Marine Corps, like Lance Cpl. Jose Gutierrez, who was the first combat veteran to die in the Iraq War. While he was granted American citizenship posthumously, there are another 38,000 undocumented soldiers defending our country.

Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the majority, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and three other justices, stated: "As a general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain present in the United States." The court also ruled that it was not a crime to seek or engage in unauthorized employment.

As Kennedy explained, removal of an unauthorized migrant is a civil matter where even if the person is out of status, federal officials have wide discretion to determine whether deportation makes sense. For example, if an unauthorized person is trying to support his family by working or has "children born in the United States, long ties to the community, or a record of distinguished military service," officials may let him stay. Also, if individuals or their families might be politically persecuted or harmed upon return to their country of origin, they may also remain in the United States.

While the Supreme Court has chosen language less likely to promote hatred and divisiveness, journalists continue using racially offensive language.

University of Memphis journalism professor Thomas Hrach conducted a study of 122,000 news stories published between 2000 and 2010, to determine which terms are being used to describe foreign nationals in the U.S. who are out of status. He found that 89% of the time during this period, journalists used the biased terms "illegal immigrant" and "illegal alien."

Hrach discovered that there was a substantial increase in the use of the term "illegal immigrant," which he correlated back to the Associated Press Stylebook's decision in 2004 to recommend "illegal immigrant" to its members. (It's the preferred term at CNN and The New York Times as well.) The AP Stylebook is the decisive authority on word use at virtually all mainstream daily newspapers, and it's used by editors at television, radio and electronic news media. According to the AP, this term is "accurate and neutral."

For the AP to claim that "illegal immigrant" is "accurate and neutral" is like Moody's giving Bernie Madoff's hedge fund a triple-A rating for safety and creditworthiness.

It's almost as if the AP were following the script of pollster and Fox News contributor Frank Luntz, considered the foremost GOP expert on crafting the perfect conservative political message. In 2005, he produced a 25-page secret memorandum that would radically alter the immigration debate to distort public perception of the issue.

The secret memorandum almost perfectly captures Mitt Romney's position on immigration -- along with that of every anti-immigrant politician and conservative pundit. For maximum impact, Luntz urges Republicans to offer fearful rhetoric: "This is about overcrowding of YOUR schools, emergency room chaos in YOUR hospitals, the increase in YOUR taxes, and the crime in YOUR communities." He also encourages them to talk about "border security," because after 9/11, this "argument does well among all voters -- even hardcore Democrats," as it conjures up the specter of terrorism.

George Orwell's classic "Nineteen Eighty-Four" shows how even a free society is susceptible to manipulation by overdosing on worn-out prefabricated phrases that convert people into lifeless dummies, who become easy prey for the political class.

In "Nineteen Eighty-Four," Orwell creates a character named Syme who I find eerily similar to Luntz. Syme is a fast-talking word genius in the research department of the Ministry of Truth. He invents doublespeak for Big Brother and edits the Newspeak Dictionary by destroying words that might lead to "thoughtcrimes." Section B contains the doublespeak words with political implications that will spread in speakers' minds like a poison.

In Luntz's book "Words That Work," Appendix B lists "The 21 Political Words and Phrases You Should Never Say Again." For example, destroy "undocumented worker" and instead say "illegal immigrant," because "the label" you use "determines the attitudes people have toward them." And the poison is effective. Surely it's no coincidence that in 2010, hate crimes against Latinos made up 66% of the violence based on ethnicity, up from 45% in 2009, according to the FBI. In his essay "Politics and the English Language," Orwell warned that one must be constantly on guard against a ready-made phrase that "anaesthetizes a portion of one's brain." But Orwell also wrote that "from time to time one can even, if one jeers loudly enough, send some worn-out and useless phrase ... into the dustbin, where it belongs" -- just like the U.S. Supreme Court did.
 

Follow Charles Garcia on Twitter: www.twitter.com/@charlespgarcia

FOLLOW LATINO VOICES
Last month's Supreme Court decision in the landmark Arizona immigration case was groundbreaking for what it omitted: the words "illegal immigrants" and "illegal aliens," except when quoting other sour...
Last month's Supreme Court decision in the landmark Arizona immigration case was groundbreaking for what it omitted: the words "illegal immigrants" and "illegal aliens," except when quoting other sour...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 236
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
01:51 AM on 07/25/2012
What a bunch of newspeek. "The terms imply the very existence of an unauthorized migrant in America is criminal." Duh yeah, it IS a crime. It is a crime in nations around the planet. Being somewhere that you are not authorized to be IS a crime in this modern world. I understand hotel concierge's in France still report all residents to the police nightly. Also in this nation if you wish to spend the night at your auntie's house you must ask police permission or so I am told. Last year some Mexican journalists ran afoul of the tribal boundaries of one of their indigenous tribes who put the fear into them - so much for the indigenous ways of not honoring borders HA HA HA . . . Most nations will not have so much argumentation and discussion. The politicians know that the people of their own nation is their first concern.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jshook99
10:35 AM on 07/18/2012
Imagine that you and several thousand of your closest friends decided to sneak into Mexico illegally. And imagine you then gathered in one of the largest cities, waving American flags and blocking traffic. Imagine you demanded in English that the Mexicans change their laws to accommodate you.
How long do you think it would take before the policia came along and gave you the thumping you would so richly deserve?

The force at work there is called nationalism. There's nothing wrong with it. Nationalism is the reason every good, old-fashioned, red-blooded American gets ticked off when he sees Mexican flags in the streets of Los Angeles.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Cha Cha 123
11:38 AM on 07/11/2012
Why has the Huff Post Latino not added their voice to the "I'm dropping the I-word Camaign see link put your press to work on this. You can't have it both ways.

http://colorlines.com/droptheiword/resources/en/toolkit.html
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CrestedSparrow
10:05 PM on 07/10/2012
Excellent article. Being called an "illegal" is a SLUR especially when most of the USA couldn't tell the difference from a person in the USA legally or illegally and is often used to refer to anyone they assume is illegal to degrade nonwhite Hispanics. Time to put an end to the negative and inappropriate labels assigned to Hispanics only.

New York Times editorial writer Lawrence Downes says "illegal" is often "a code word for racial and ethnic hatred."
----------
HE HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Cha Cha 123
11:38 AM on 07/11/2012
see link put Huff Latino to work http://colorlines.com/droptheiword/resources/en/toolkit.html
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CrestedSparrow
04:25 PM on 07/11/2012
Great link. Finally!
03:53 PM on 07/10/2012
How is it defined in Mexico and other countries in the world?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jss1220
En boca cerrada no entran moscas.
04:54 PM on 07/11/2012
In Mexico they say "indocumentado" which as you can guess, means undocumented.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vicky Valentine Proud
It is what it is.
01:49 PM on 07/10/2012
Some facts about Lance Cpl. Jose Gutierrez that the author did not mention, to his shame because he left out a lot. From 'The Military Times' via the AP:

"Born in Guatemala, Gutierrez held permanent U.S. resident status, which he obtained in 1999.

At 14, with his parents dead, Gutierrez followed the path of 700,000 of his countrymen to California. He made the 2,000-mile journey from his Guatemala City neighborhood without entry papers. He hopped 14 freight trains to get through Mexico. U.S. immigration authorities detained him.

Fernando Castillo, Guatemala’s consul general in Los Angeles, says the United States doesn’t deport Guatemalan minors who arrive without family. Gutierrez was made a ward of Los Angeles Juvenile Court. He was placed in a series of group homes and foster families. He learned English and finished high school.

When he reached 18, he got residency documents, Castillo said."

So he was a legal citizen when he joined the USMC, not some walk over the border or brought here illegal like your article makes him sound like. SEMPER FI!!!
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
Viper1st
multi quasi faceted
10:03 AM on 07/10/2012
"Illegal" deferenciates the two classifications of immigrants ~

> Illegal = forceably deported every 79 seconds
> Legal = enters USA legally every 38 seconds
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CrestedSparrow
09:33 PM on 07/10/2012
Only in your xenophobic mind.
07:12 AM on 07/12/2012
Yeah, we all know illegal aliens enter the country every 14 seconds and the deportation of one is roughly 1 every 7.8 hours
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
06:37 AM on 07/10/2012
I equate the simplistic, "No human being is illegal," bumper sticker mentality with that stupid line I used to see, "skateboarding is not a crime." Yes it is, in certain places. Ad if this human chooses to go to a place without respecting the laws of that country, then I'm illegal. Stop dancing around facts.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
06:34 AM on 07/10/2012
So you get busy working on a pretty way to say someone's a foreign citizen (alien) who is here in violation of this nation's laws (illegal). And in the end you still have the same mess.
07:35 PM on 07/09/2012
And by the way. I pay taxes and I really don't see how feeding people is gonna hurt me in the future
If you do....enlighten me
07:36 AM on 07/12/2012
Resources are finite. And lets say in a perfect world the United States, had no unemployment, had no crime, had no energy , terrorism, or any other social issues, or even a national debt threatening to crush the country, so in this perfect world scenario where every American is Middle class and the average burger flipper has a post graduate degree in burger flipping making a six figure salary, with nearly everyone else, now remember everything above is perfect. So you call 9-1-1 as you are having a heart attack. They go, well stay on the line... you wait, you wait again. you wait 30 minutes and die clinging to your phone and hopes that EMS arrives in time. They didnt arrive as they had to respond to some else, an illegal immigrant(s) who failed to understand traffic laws and smashed head on into your ambulance. Oh but America isnt ideal, the cost of illegal immigrants in life and dollars is staggering
photo
Karissa36
Saving lost boys and fighting pirates.
01:02 AM on 07/09/2012
Racial profiling is "just" a civil offense also. So why do these same activists keep calling it illegal?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CrestedSparrow
09:36 PM on 07/10/2012
Because racial profiling has a blind spot: it fails to recognize illegal Europeans.
07:18 AM on 07/12/2012
Wrong, I have know multiple Europeans who have been deported for failing to comply with U.S. immigration law
photo
Karissa36
Saving lost boys and fighting pirates.
12:28 AM on 07/09/2012
So now they are supposed to be called undocumented workers?

First, they do have documents. Fraudulent documents -- which is itself a crime. Second, not all of them are working. Many are quite happy to be living off welfare, food stamps, free housing, and other social benefits and services they receive by having citizen children. Many are in prison, gangs, and engaged in criminal enterprises. Why should we pretend they are undocumented workers?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CrestedSparrow
09:37 PM on 07/10/2012
You need a lesson in legalese and civility. It is their BEHAVIOR that is ILLEGAL, not the PERSON.
photo
Karissa36
Saving lost boys and fighting pirates.
10:54 AM on 07/11/2012
I suppose we could substitute "criminal immigrants" for illegal immigrants, if you want to focus on behavior. Somehow, I doubt this more accurate term would be acceptable.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Cha Cha 123
05:42 PM on 07/11/2012
Thank you very much
11:48 PM on 07/08/2012
"no human being is illegal."

They are if they're breaking the law. And even with a presumption of innocence, you still face arrest if the elements of the specific crime are met.
10:49 PM on 07/08/2012
Just because an immigrant is here illegally doesn't make him an illegal immigrant. Unauthorized, yes, but NOT illegal. When are people finally gonna get this?!
07:24 AM on 07/09/2012
spin, spin, spin.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
creek73
01:41 AM on 07/10/2012
Entering and living in the United States without proper immigration documentation >is< illegal. That's why it is >termed< illegal. Your local ICE office can verify this for you.

When are people finally gonna get this?!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Manuel Estrada
A balanced perspective after the fact
08:03 PM on 07/08/2012
I want to thank Mr. Garcia for finally explaining why I get a pit in my stomach and feel defensive when I hear the term used although I'm a fourth generation American Citizen.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Graciela Tiscareno-Sato
11:29 AM on 07/09/2012
With you 100%!
11:24 AM on 07/10/2012
Because you are bleeding heart liberal who always feels the need to be sorry for something or another.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Manuel Estrada
A balanced perspective after the fact
08:55 PM on 07/10/2012
Maybe, maybe not. Hey, maybe you're right. However it does not change the way I feel and or react. Much like the way African Americans react to the "N" word I suppose but not quite as severe.