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Christiane Northrup, MD

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The Magic of Magnesium: A Mighty Mineral Essential to Health

Posted: 03/30/10 09:53 AM ET

Calcium has received an enormous amount of attention. It's likely that every woman reading this article has been told by her doctor to get enough calcium. If asked what role calcium plays in health, nearly every woman would answer that calcium is necessary for strong bones. But what about magnesium? Did you know that this mighty mineral may be even more essential for health?

Magnesium and calcium work together, but magnesium may actually play a more important role. It controls the entry of calcium into each and every cell--a physiological event that occurs every time a nerve cell fires! When it comes to building healthy bones, magnesium is as important as calcium and vitamin D are! Without adequate magnesium, too much calcium gets inside the cell. This causes cramping and constrictions in ways you might never consider.

A Pregnant Pause

I was first introduced to magnesium during my obstetrical training, where I saw how effective magnesium sulfate was in preventing seizures and restoring normal blood pressure in pregnant women suffering from toxemia. Magnesium is also frequently given to women having preterm labor to stop contractions. It works!

A good friend of mine, Alexa, had her third baby in 1994. About seven weeks before the baby was due, she started to have contractions that would only stop when she lay down. Because she was 2.5 centimeters dilated and almost fully effaced (conditions often present when a woman goes into labor with a full-term third child), she was put on bed rest. Luckily this helped, and she was able to avoid a lengthy stay at the hospital. After having her baby, Alexa was extremely run down, had frequent migraines, and severe muscle cramps. She decided to go to a Naturopath for help. He immediately diagnosed severe magnesium deficiency, and she was given weekly magnesium IVs to correct the imbalance.

Alexa's magnesium deficiency isn't all that unusual. In fact, the National Academy of Sciences found (in 1997) that most Americans were deficient in magnesium. [1] The following factors contribute to this:

  • Food processing removes much of the magnesium that's naturally found in certain foods.

  • Taking antacids (and some other medicines for indigestion) disrupts magnesium absorption.

  • Magnesium and other minerals are depleted by modern farming practices.

  • Medications including common diuretics, birth control pills, insulin, tetracycline and other antibiotics, and cortisone cause the body to waste magnesium.

Alexa's OB/GYN was insistent that she get 1500 mgs of calcium every day to protect her baby's and her bones. He told her to take a couple of Tums, an antacid, any day she didn't get enough calcium from the food she ate. Tums contains calcium, and it was the calcium "supplement" he recommended to all his patients. (This was his strategy for keeping her calories from dairy fat down, too.) He never recommended that she increase her magnesium, just her calcium. It's not surprising that she had a magnesium deficiency after following his advice during three pregnancies.

Magnesium Is Indispensable

Magnesium is essential for the functioning of more than 300 different enzymes in the body, particularly those that produce, transport, store, and utilize energy. This includes:

  • Protein synthesis. DNA and RNA in our cells require magnesium for cell growth and development.

  • Sparking of the electrical signals that must travel throughout the miles of nerves in our bodies, including our brain, heart, and other organs.

  • Normal blood pressure, vascular tone, transmission of nerve cell signals, and blood flow.

  • Functioning of all nerves and muscles.

  • Release and binding of adequate amounts of serotonin in the brain.

In short, living without adequate levels of magnesium is like trying to operate a machine with the power off. And like a machine, it's likely to malfunction. Here are some health conditions associated with the cramping and constrictions that can be attributed to a magnesium deficiency:

Anxiety and panic attacks: Magnesium helps keep adrenal stress hormones under control and also helps maintain normal brain function. [2]

Asthma: Magnesium helps relax the muscles of the bronchioles in the lungs.

Constipation: Magnesium helps keep bowels regular by maintaining normal bowel muscle function. Milk of magnesia has been used for decades to help constipation.

Heart disease: Magnesium deficiency is common in those with heart disease. Magnesium, a natural calcium channel blocker, is an effective treatment for heart attacks and cardiac arrhythmias. An astounding number of studies have documented the effectiveness of IV magnesium in helping prevent cardiac damage and even death following a heart attack. The reason for this is that 40 to 60 percent of sudden deaths from heart attack are the result of spasm in the arteries, not blockage from clots or arrhythmias! [3]

Hypertension: Without adequate magnesium, blood vessels constrict and blood pressure increases.

Infertility: Magnesium can relax spasms in fallopian tubes that prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Nerve problems and muscle spasms: Magnesium helps eliminate peripheral nerve disturbances that can lead to migraines, leg and foot cramps, gastrointestinal cramps, and other muscle aches and pains.

Obstetrical problems: Magnesium can prevent premature labor (because it calms contractions) as well as eclampsia.

Carolyn Dean, M.D., N.D., author of The Magnesium Miracle (Ballantine Books, 2007), reports that these (and other) conditions are also associated with magnesium deficiency: blood clots, bowel disease, cystitis, depression, detoxification, diabetes, fatigue, hypoglycemia, insomnia, kidney disease, kidney stones, musculoskeletal conditions, osteoporosis, Raynaud's syndrome, and even tooth decay. Dr. Dean also reports that she's seen magnesium improve patients' PMS, painful periods, chronic fatigue, and fibromyalgia. She's also seen it increase their sexual pleasure!

Supplementing With Magnesium

For the majority of human history, the ratio of calcium to magnesium in the diet was 1:1, a ratio that's considered optimal. A ratio that's between 1:1 and 2:1 is adequate (for example, 800 mg of calcium to 400 mg of magnesium). Unfortunately, today's diets contain an average of 10 times more calcium than magnesium.

In addition to eating a nutritious diet, I recommend that you use supplements that contain magnesium. I do this myself, especially when traveling or dealing with the stress of deadlines. There's considerable variation among individuals as to the ideal amount of magnesium to take. Here's what I recommend: Keep your calcium intake between 800-1,400 mg per day, adding enough magnesium to balance it. For example, if you take 1,000 mg of calcium per day, you need at least 500-800 mg of magnesium.

Magnesium comes in many forms. Magnesium oxide or chloride is fine, as is chelated magnesium. Capsules usually contain 250-500 mg of magnesium. You can also use a calcium/magnesium supplement. Experiment with levels. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for magnesium is 350-400 mg per day, although for optimal levels, you may need as much as twice that amount.

It's best to take your magnesium in divided doses throughout the day. You can take it either on an empty stomach or with meals. You can also add Epsom salts to your baths--Epsom salt is magnesium sulfate. It's absorbed through the skin and will help replenish magnesium stores. This "treatment" can easily include a relaxing bath with a good book.

Testing for proper levels of the nutrient is difficult (as Dr. Dean puts it, magnesium is "its own worst enemy") because its serum concentration is so low that it's hard to get an accurate picture of how much is in the whole body just by testing what's in the blood. Only one percent of the body's magnesium is in the blood, and the body will take it from bones and tissues if that level drops. That means that a blood test could easily show a normal reading, even when the rest of the body is very deficient.

A True Miracle

Perhaps the most miraculous story I've ever heard about magnesium was one I heard from Dr. Dean. There was a man who suffered from esophageal spasms so severe that he often couldn't swallow anything, including his own saliva. During one horrible attack--something quite similar to choking--his wife gave him some water with magnesium citrate powder mixed in it. After holding the solution in his mouth for about a minute, the magnesium calmed the muscle spasms and he was able to function normally.

If you want to learn more (and I think that everyone should), I recommend that you read Dr. Dean's The Magnesium Miracle. Quite frankly, this book should be in everyone's home library. The information could surely save your--or a loved one's--life!

For more information about magnesium, visit the association's Web site at www.nutritionalmagnesium.org.

Copyright Christiane Northrup, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.

This information is not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.
All material in this article is provided for educational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition, and before undertaking any diet, exercise, or other health program.

References:

[1] Institute of Medicine, Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997).
[2] M. J. Eisenberg, "Magnesium Deficiency and Sudden Death," American Heart Journal, vol. 124, no. 2 (1992), pp. 544-49; P. D. Turlapaty and B. M. Altura, "Magnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms in Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease," Science, vol. 208, no. 4440 (April 11, 1980), pp. 198-200; B. M. Altura, "Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease and Dietary Magnesium Intake: Is the Target Site Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle?" Medical Hypotheses, vol. 5, no. 8 (Aug. 1979), pp. 843-48.
[3] B. S. Levine and J. W. Coburn, "Magnesium, the Mimic/Antagonist of Calcium," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 310, no. 19 (May 10, 1984), pp. 1253-55.

 

Follow Christiane Northrup, MD on Twitter: www.twitter.com/drchrisnorthrup

Calcium has received an enormous amount of attention. It's likely that every woman reading this article has been told by her doctor to get enough calcium. If asked what role calcium plays in health, n...
Calcium has received an enormous amount of attention. It's likely that every woman reading this article has been told by her doctor to get enough calcium. If asked what role calcium plays in health, n...
 
 
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06:29 PM on 04/11/2010
Maybe it's my imagination, but a magnesium supplement seems to have calmed my legs at night.
08:12 PM on 04/07/2010
Let's face it, we can't get all the nutrients in the food we eat in this country. It's overprocessed and the soil is depleted. 3rd world countries have less cancer than us--I think because they eat locally grown organic foods. We need to supplement to stay healthy. I my self take USANA supplements because they're rated number one in the Comparative Guide to Nutritional Supplements by Lyle McWilliams and they're reasonably priced.
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newcarlton
10:54 AM on 03/31/2010
I recommend reading Dr Mark Sircus, director of the International Medical Veritas Association (IMVA) at http://imva.info. It is not possible to take enough magnesium orally because it causes diarrhea like symptoms. Taking Magnesium Chloride transdermally (through the skin) is the most effective method and is even better than taking it intravenously. Studies have shown that the most effective oral administration is with magnesium citrate, but transdermal application is the most effective.
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lambdin1
What's this?
11:01 PM on 03/30/2010
Great article! Now convince your fellow doctors and of course the big phrama!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
frankie35
10:56 PM on 03/30/2010
I've been taking 2 tablespoons of Bluebonnet liquid mag+calcium in mixed berry flavor(at night) for 2 years now. Available on line. Amazon and other sites. My blood pressure=normal now, no more palpitations, greatly reduced anxiety and depression. truly a miracle drug. i'd never go a day without it and it tastes delicious!!!!1!
09:31 PM on 03/30/2010
I just started drinking a fizzy magnesium drink. Hope this helps with fibromyalgia.
04:17 AM on 04/02/2010
Stanford just finished a clinical trial of low dose naltrexone and fibromyalgia and people asked to stay on it after trial was finished. Google ldn and fibromyalgia. (I think it works because ldn helps thyroid)

Also - many cases of fm are resolved with T3 (thyroid). I don't think magnesium alone is going to help. This is where you will find your best help: http://www.drlowe.com/
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topkatnc
Give a stray cat or dog a chance .
08:50 PM on 03/30/2010
I have to take alot of meds. each day....and those meds do cause constipation...I started taking Magnesium 2 mos. ago and I have no more of those problems...plus I feel better and I am sleeping better...I will take it for the rest of my life...
08:12 PM on 03/30/2010
Wakame (the seaweed usually found in Miso Soup) contains very high levels of both magnesium and calcium. A very knowledgeable Chinese herbalist and acupuncturist recommended adding this to my regular diet. And it is delicious!
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inthelandoftheblind
Obama wants a strong Middle Class
03:15 AM on 03/31/2010
This sounds preferable to taking a lab created synthetic pill! Thanks! My daughter & I love miso but I never thought of having it to maintain optimal health!

Often I make a soup of assorted beans, available in a small bag, in with the dried bean & lentils.These bags contain several types of beans, & costs so little - under $2.00! In a large pot, it cooks a while, then I add slices of 1 red onion, 2 carrots, 2 stalks celery, a few cloves of garlic, then near the end, add in lots of kale. Herbs, fresh, like a flat leaved parsley, or sometimes a dry blend called Herbes de Provence,Sea salt & fresh cracked pepper - a blend of white, green, red & black - called pepper royale is a nice addition - when I have it on hand.

It makes me feel so good - & it freezes well, so is ready to go whenever I need a quick, simple, nutritious meal. I usually have it with a grainy bread or hard tak & sweet butter. Sometimes I add in bits of meat, and or mushrooms - in individual servings, leaving the basic soup all veggies & beans.

So glad I read this tonight, since I've been feeling achy, & need to be ready for the gardening season ahead! I'd heard many times how important magnesium is, as is vit. D,& they're in my multi vitamins, but the natural sources are best - & I believe, are
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
inthelandoftheblind
Obama wants a strong Middle Class
05:18 AM on 03/31/2010
Oops - cut & paste error - ..."& I believe are "...worth the effort of growing in the best soils we can create, by amending with our own organic compost, plus - if needed - fish emulsion & or organic - if you can find it - horse manure.

Some plants produce quite well in simple composted plant materials, though other plants are heavy feeders & may require more food.Composting is an art as is growing our own foods.
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Con Heartist
08:07 AM on 03/31/2010
Thank you for this ... I believe in cal/mag and have taken it for years. I'm in very good health, no problems and no meds.
I'm trying your delicious miso dish a.s.a.p.
I take the liquid and, after years convinced my hubby to start and he can't believe the difference in so many ways.
good health ...
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
jayraye
07:08 PM on 03/30/2010
Supplements are exspensive and unnecesary. Foods high in magnesium: black beans, nuts, leafy greens, esp spinach, whole grains, soy.
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RedneckDem
The top 1% stole my made in china bootstraps
06:42 PM on 03/30/2010
Another magnesium benefit... restless leg syndrome. I take a combo of potassium (of which I am chronically deficient regardless of how much I eat) and magnesium at bedtime and the marathon I used to run before I fell asleep is now a short walk.
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BlueZoo
Independent voter, Independent thinker!
05:35 PM on 03/30/2010
Pills, pills and more pills! I had a yearly physical two weeks ago and the blood work came back showing my cholesterol was "a little high." My doctor instantly wanted to prescribe high-priced pills with a lot of side effects but I didn't hear one word about diet! I am so tired of our supporting Big Pharma because our doctors just find it easier to prescribe than to sit and advise on dietary changes first.
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bosse
05:59 PM on 03/30/2010
I am a physician who had coronary bye pass at age 49. My cholesterol was not too abnormal. Those days 20 years ago, surgeons were ready with sharp knives and pateints were not given choice. Many doctors even gave sacry out comes if not operated on. But now we understand more of the pathology and etiology of hardening of arteries. Taking garlic and Tumeric tablets a lot cheaper will do the same as, Statins with hardly a side effect. Losing weight and excercise and watching what we eat, are other well known remedies.
Also Magnesium and Vitamin D are imporatne supplements in addition to Calcium in an ageing population. Our health derpartment and education department can do a lot to educate our school children.
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Con Heartist
08:13 AM on 03/31/2010
I too do all of that with great benefits. When told about my cholesterol being borderline my doctor whipped out the prescription pad and was very upset when I told him I wanted to explore other options. After some research, a lot of questions and weighing everything up I decided that 'RED RICE YEAST' was my best option. I saw the Doctor two months later and he almost fell off the chair ... and sputtered and coughed and just said well there is no 'real' research (read BIG PHARMA) and the results would take 20 years to investigate. I just looked and said ... 'it's a natural statin and that's the way I'm going'.
So far ... so good.
10:47 PM on 03/30/2010
I had a similar experience also when I got a physical several years ago at a 24/7 emergency clinic. I remember the nurse showing me a chart saying that my cholesterol was a "little higher than normal". I was quite surprised actually and began scanning the paper and noticed in the lower-right hand corner that the chart was sponsored by Lipp*t*r.

Needless to say, I was suspicious. I said, "thanks for the information", promptly paid my bill, and left.
05:22 PM on 03/30/2010
I can say without overstatement that magnesium literally saved my life. After a medically necessary surgical procedure, I had excruciating pain near the surgical site that would not subside. After dozens of doctor visits, MRIs, C-T scans, MRAs, ultrasounds, and blood work, and tens of thousands of out of pocket dollars, I was told that no doctor could find any physical reason for my pain. The best they offered me was pain medicine and told me to get used to it. I would likely have this pain for the rest of my life. This ordeal lasted 3 years causing among other things, a deep depression.

Despite all the medical advice, I refused to give up and finally found myself in the office of an Integrative doctor. She diagnosed my pain in the first visit, determining that my pain was due to my iliopsoas muscle contracting as my body's response to the surgery. The muscle never relaxed afterward, squeezing nerves, blood supply and pulling other muscles out of their normal range. She then gave me several injections of magnesium over the course of several weeks. The muscle relaxed and the pain was gone. Infuriatingly simple after all my family and I had been through.
07:26 PM on 03/30/2010
Incredible story. It just goes to show you that you should never give up, and never forsake getting another opinion.

I have TWO doctors for my son. A traditional pediatrician and a pediatric osteopath. They both get input. Two different points of view and approaches to the same issue = priceless.
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
09:25 PM on 03/30/2010
What is an integrative doctor?
04:41 PM on 03/31/2010
An integrative doctor is a doctor who looks at the whole person (mind, body, spirit) and uses all modalities of healing as the situation needs-western medicine, eastern medicine and a combination. My doctor is an MD who also uses every option to help a person heal.
04:41 PM on 03/30/2010
Yes, magnesium is important.

BUT

what You write tells people that taking it in pills is good for them.

Only to ten years later say magnesium does get all the press but kalium is the real healer. - So people swallow kalium pills.

What if we stop all that nonsense and eat healthy food that has ALL of that - and more - in it? There is a reason we can not live on the foodlike substances - including pills of the lates rage in minerals and vitamins - and stay healthy.

Someone who eats REAL food will only have a magnesium deficiency if there is an underlying condition. And giving them magnesium pills is like patching a bullet wound without removing the bullet.
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BlueZoo
Independent voter, Independent thinker!
05:30 PM on 03/30/2010
Totally agree! Fanned for common sense!
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inthelandoftheblind
Obama wants a strong Middle Class
05:05 AM on 03/31/2010
While I agree that food sources are superior to popping lab created nutrients,unless you can find nutrients which incorporate organically grown food sources, or buy organic foods - or grow some of the needed foods organically, ourselves, we are on a downward spiral - as a race!

The soil is being ruined by the use of a wide range of pesticides, fungicides, & chemical fertilizers used in growing most of our veggies, for decades. This has resulted in poor soil, which erodes & blows away. I'd heard yrs ago we are losing topsoil at an alarming rate - due to these practices.This also means the foods grown in these soils are depleted, as the soil's been depleted.

Most foods are laden with poisons, which cannot just be rinsed off, as these poisons are taken up by the root systems, and are incorporated in every cell of the plants.To take control of our food sources is of utmost importance.

How are these modern foods affecting human DNA, intelligence, mental deficiencies, & behavior problems?This may even explain the spike in Autism, though it's possible we are just able to detect it sooner, so say the studies - but I still wonder, how will the human race fare,when we are all compromised, due to chronic toxicity & malnutrition?
07:04 AM on 04/01/2010
You forgot one of the greatest threats to our health on the planet: Monsanto and their crimes distributing genetically changed foods and lying their asses off on teh tests with humans they made. - IF they made them.

A friend of mine did a three year study on testing genetically changed food and what she found even right below the surface is staggering. Monsanto knew all along that people eating genetically changed foods get NEW allergies. Not recumbent ones breaking out but completely new allergies. And not one or two in a thousand but a whopping 24%.
04:37 PM on 03/30/2010
America, here comes true Health reform all we wanted out of the deal was to keep the conversation on the table.Those repubs let the people know that it is possible that some people inside the government put their efforts into no improvement.Repubs say wait until Nov.,Mitch has one of the sickest states in America and he hasn't put forth any effort to improve anything health related. The seniors in Kentucky are having to spend money they had for retirement on drugs that are needed but not covered by insurance.Mitch and buddies have had no problem with that.Mitch I recognized fowl play in your state involving a 10 year old that qualify as a death panel decision and your friends say Obama is going to give us one, do you think they will be surprise to find out your state already have one.I almost forgot to mention she was white and 10 years old.What we thought was only happening to black men has been discovered to be happening to a 10 year old white female in your state Kentucky.Oct. surprise will be out of Kentucky if we can wait that long, its ready to go now.
04:36 PM on 03/30/2010
The most commonly recommended food for magnesium are bananas. However, they happen to be on the lowest end of the scale for magnesium content. Whole grains, nuts, legumes and dark green leafy vegetables contain almost three times the amount of magnesium per serving. I echo other reader's critiques of this article in that Dr. Northrup does not suggest any natural foods but rather endorses supplementation. I do commend her though for pointing out that processing food removes most magnesium. We must as a society, if we are to survive the epidemic of cancers and chronic ailments, return to eating whole, unprocessed natural foods -they way we have been thriving for thousands of years- the way we are biologically designed to eat.

For a listing of foods high in magnesium:
http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/food/magnesium-foods.htm
05:01 PM on 03/30/2010
Thank you for posting this. I read that whole stupid article just to find out that I should take pills. Please!
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bosse
06:06 PM on 03/30/2010
fresita, there are a kind of so called church goers taht will not see a Dr or get blood transfusion.This is a free country, you do not have to listen to a doctor. You are free to die any time. But reasonable people will see the benefits of theis Doctor's article.As we get old, many substances are not absorbed from diet. And msot people do not get enough of the essential minerals and vitamins. Thats all what this doctor stated. Do not depend on govt. or your fellow citizens to solve your problem brought on by your attitude.
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RedneckDem
The top 1% stole my made in china bootstraps
06:40 PM on 03/30/2010
I think he mentioned that modern farming techniques affect magnesium so if a fresh alternative organic is not available, use a supplement.