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Christina Patterson

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If a Nobel Laureate Can't Speak Out, Who Can?

Posted: 04/12/2012 4:17 pm

"It is difficult," said the American poet William Carlos Williams, "to get the news from poems." In a normal week, he'd be right. In a normal week, you'd be quite lucky, at least in the Western world, to find a poem that talked about what was happening in the news, and you'd be quite lucky to find anyone, outside a classroom, or a poetry group, talking about it if it did. But this week, a poem was the news. And it didn't go down all that well.

Günter Grass's poem, "What Must Be Said," which was published in a German newspaper last week, hasn't gone down well with critics, or journalists, or politicians. It hasn't gone down well with German politicians, who have called it "abominable," and "over the top," and "irritating." And it hasn't gone down well with Israeli politicians, who have decided not to pretend they're literary critics, but focus, instead on the content. Which, it's clear, they didn't like.

"His declarations," said Israel's Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, "are ignorant and shameful, and every honest person in this world must condemn them." It was, said the Israeli embassy in Berlin, "a European tradition to accuse the Jews before the Passover festival of ritual murder." It was, said Israel's foreign minister, Avigdor Lieberman, an example of the "egoism of so-called Western intellectuals who are willing to sacrifice the Jewish people on the altar of crazy anti-Semites for a second time, just to sell a few more books or gain recognition."

It's possible, of course, that Günter Grass, who is Germany's most famous living writer, and who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1999, feels he isn't famous enough. It's possible that he wrote his poem, about the balance of nuclear power in the Middle East, because he felt he hadn't sold quite enough books, and might not have all that many more years left to sell more. It's possible that he thought that the best way to celebrate Easter, in his 85th year, was to wreck the reputation he'd spent a lifetime building up, and get himself branded an anti-Semite. But it's also possible that he didn't.

It is, for example, possible that when he asked, in the poem, why he had "stayed silent" for so long about the "hypocrisy of the West" in relation to the Middle East, and why he had "forbidden" himself to name the country whose nuclear weapons he regarded as a threat to world peace, he was actually asking himself why he had stayed silent. It's possible that when he said he hadn't spoken out before because he came from a country with "a stain" on its history that was "never to be expunged," and knew that if he did speak out he would be called an anti-Semite, what he meant was that he didn't particularly want to be called an anti-Semite. And not that he did.

And it's possible that when he said that he had decided to speak out anyway, because he was old and might not have many more opportunities, and because he thought that Germans, already "burdened" with a terrible past, might be "complicit" in future horrors if they didn't, that is exactly what he meant.

Is it a good poem? Well, that, for those of us who don't speak German, is hard to tell. "Poetry," said the American poet Robert Frost, "is what gets lost in translation", and it certainly gets lost in the kind of translations that are done to meet a newspaper deadline. A good poem can take weeks, or months, to write. A good translation takes exactly the same. The translations I've read of this poem aren't likely to win anyone a Nobel Prize. But they also don't make it sound like a mad rant. They make it sound, in fact, like an agonized, if rather heavy-handed, meditation.

And is it, as the critics have implied, simplistic and naive? Does it, as so many angry people have said, imply that Israel and Iran are "morally equivalent"? Well, actually, no. Iran, says Grass in the poem, is a country "enslaved by a loudmouth... and guided to organized jubilation," which aren't really the words of a fan. Grass doesn't talk about Israel's leader, or its illegal "settlements." But he does say that Israel has been allowed to stockpile nuclear weapons without any inspections from anyone, and that Iran, which wants to, hasn't. Which, even angry Israelis would have to admit, is true.

Günter Grass may or may not be right to say, in his poem, that Israel's nuclear weapons are a threat to world peace. But he's certainly right to say that the West's attitude to Israel, and its nuclear arsenal, involves an awful lot of hypocrisy. He's right to say that Germans don't dare speak out about this, and he's right to suggest that if Israel decides to take some pre-emptive action against Iran, innocent civilians will be killed. And it's hard to see why he's wrong to hope that speaking out will "free many from silence," and prompt Israel to "renounce violence."

If a Nobel prizewinner can't express a political opinion, it's hard to see who can. Grass, it's true, has a "stain" of his own. He was, he revealed in a memoir six years ago, conscripted as a 17-year-old into the SS. But conscription, as many young Israelis will tell you, isn't the same as choice. It also means that you may well learn more than you'll ever want about the terrible realities of war.

In Syria, people who don't like their government are being gunned down on the streets. In Bahrain, they're being tortured, and locked up. In Germany, because it lost the war that wanted to turn the whole world into a fascist state, you're free to say what you like. You're free to criticize your government, and the governments of other countries, even if it's breaking a taboo. And even if it seems to make everyone around you go mad.

In Israel, you're meant to be free to say what you like, but if you're not Jewish, and you criticize the policies of the Israeli government, you're likely to be called an anti-Semite. And you are, it seems, because this is what the Israeli government has just done to Günter Grass, quite likely to be banned from the country.

It would have been better all around if Grass's poem had been better. Unfortunately, great writers can't produce great art all the time. But Günter Grass has produced at least one great work of art. It's called The Tin Drum. It's about, in as far as you can sum up what any novel is about, the power of art to defeat war.

It may be a bit naive to think art can defeat war, or that a poem can make a government change its mind. But a poem, like a novel, or a play, can make people think. If enough people change their views, then maybe governments - even the ones who say they believe in freedom of speech, but make it clear from their actions that they don't - will change theirs too.

 

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06:51 PM on 05/02/2012
For those who are interested in the Grass poem
controversy:
Fellow Germanist Scott Abbott and I are
archiving the ruckus, its hundreds of in quite a few instances interesting takes,
at Scott's Weblog
http://goaliesanxiety.blogspot.com/2012/04/gunter-grass-what-must-be-said.html
+ I myself am synopsizing it in three steps:
A) Negative takes - this is now online at:
http://summapolitico.blogspot.com/2012/04/part-synopsis-of-grass-poem-controversy.html
B) Positive and differentiated takes will be put up at the same site in about a week; and
C) On the poetry of lack thereof of the Beast, which I will put in about two weeks up at my
http://artscritic.blogspot.com/
The controversy seems to be fading, it has reached the provinces.
Analytically speaking, what is noticeable is that many of those who have come out harshly against Grass - Joffee, Strittmatter, Reich-Ranicki - subject the poem to what I would call pseudo-analytic terminology to indict Grass as an anti-Semite: ditto also in this country where the negative takes derive from politically Neo-Conservative quarters, New Republic, The National Interest, The Weekly Standard, Commentary, Wall Street Journal [Joffe again], Bernard Henry Levy via Huffington, ditto Dershovitc etc. The controversy as a wholem the way it is playing out in Germany, inasmuch as I can judge, based on its manifestations in the mediam, blogs, papers, shows - would indicate a continued unsettled state of the German conscience.

http://www.facebook.com/mike.roloff1?ref=name
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GilGamish
Exposing the charlatans
09:36 PM on 04/18/2012
Christina writes: "If a Nobel prizewinner can't express a political opinion"

He can and did express his political opinion. He wasn't arrested. His books and poems were not banned. He won't be welcome in Israel ( a dumb move on Israel's part IMO) but he had no intention of going there anyway.

What you seem to be against is people exercising their right allowed to disagree and criticize him.
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donnyraindog
Grass shack nailed to a pinewood floor
08:16 AM on 04/17/2012
While it is counter productive to deny Grass entry into the country as a long time fan of the Tin Drum I still feel Gunther has much to answer for.His essays and pronouncements over the years were remarkably judgemental on Germany's failure to come to grips with it's past yet he never came clean about his own until forced to do so reluctantly.
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MichaelFroemel
Star Trek fan from Germany
07:26 AM on 04/16/2012
A fine article about an important matter.
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06:12 PM on 04/15/2012
This entire arguement comes from people never wanting to own up to the common and basic nature of all humans that bleed red blood. That means everyone. Seriously folks, if somehow people could let go of the idea that any superiority they have is EQUALIZED by death, maybe they could allow room for the emotions and tendencies to express them that we all have.
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seachange525
All will be well...I just don't know how yet :)
12:46 PM on 04/15/2012
Thank you, Ms. Patterson, for a deeply thoughtful and thought-provoking article. Not what we're accustomed to reading (as may be obvious from the comments). Some people, in a rush to avoid nuance, have responded with invective. I am sorry this excellent article has provoked so many knee-jerk (rather than thoughtful) responses.
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J P P
I think ergo I am agnostic and not conservative.
09:36 AM on 04/15/2012
I don't get it. He's criticizing not Israelis but the Israeli government and particularly said government's foreign policies. Why the outrage?
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09:12 AM on 04/15/2012
Israel has been a threat to the region since its creation. Its illegal nuclear arsenal is not only a threat to the region, but a threat to the world by definition. Its the whole point of having nukes!

Israeli nuclear program has never been declared safe by international inspectors, because lying Israel and its duplicitous government has never allowed them in to the country
Carroll27
Nature's own nice conservative
01:42 PM on 04/15/2012
The threat is that Israelis will be inconvenienced yet again if the Arabs mount another "war" on them.
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04:56 PM on 04/15/2012
Zionists are obsessed with war.
01:03 PM on 04/16/2012
Israel will be in a constant state of war, for the rest of its days. You can't just take over other people's land, with the backing of colonial powers, and expect them to take it.
This comment has been removed due to violations of our [Guidelines]
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bryanzth
Honest to Goodness USA Patriot!
11:21 AM on 04/14/2012
I read it. Nothing wrong there. Those who call down his SS inscription are barking at strawmen. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/apr/05/gunter-grass-what-must-be-said?intcmp=239 BZ.
09:45 AM on 04/14/2012
"If a Nobel Laureate Can't Speak Out, Who Can?" Grass certainly can, and he did.
The problem is that the poem is untrue. It compares Israel with Iran even though Israel has never threatened to wipe another country off the map. Iran is a Holocaust-denying country.
"It is the alleged right to first strike
That could annihilate the Iranian people--"
http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/gunter-grasss-controversial-poem-about-israel-iran-and-war-translated/255549/
Any attack on Iran would be on nuclear facilities, not on Iranian citizens.
02:26 PM on 04/14/2012
Israel actively prevents another country from appearing on the map, however: Palestine. Iran has never ethnically cleansed a people: Israel has. Iran has never trained the secret police force of another country in the methods of torture, including the practice of inserting glass bottles in people's asses and then breaking them; Israel has. That country, in fact, was Iran, from which Israel received its oil supplies while Iran was under the horrible grip of the Shah and his Mossad-trained SAVAK thugs.

So go piss up a rope, Garfield11.
06:41 PM on 04/14/2012
There has never been a nation called Palestine, and that is not Israel's fault. Palestinian maps don't even show the nation of Israel. Israel has never ethnically cleansed a people. Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza have higher rates of population growth than Israel. 20% of Israel's citizens are Arab.
Your torture allegation is a lie.
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Dan Slander
05:26 AM on 04/14/2012
Looks like the former goose stepper has never lost his beat.
01:51 AM on 04/14/2012
I wasn't affiliated with SS and come from a country (former Soviet Union) that lost 24 mln people during WW2 which is four times the number of Jewish victims of Holocaust. Can I say that Israel's politics are not promoting piece in the region and not be bombarded with accusations of anti-semitism? Guess not, thought so.
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bryanzth
Honest to Goodness USA Patriot!
11:07 AM on 04/14/2012
You are quite right in your assertion, my friend.

Also, it's not just a matter of losing lives, but also losing one's culture, one's legacy and one's future. This has happened because of unjust wars of aggression, too. My ancestors are Polish, for example, and we have suffered hundreds of years of losses through aggression and war. Now, this century, is the time to stop this. I am sure you would agree that no matter where one comes from, he has an interest other people remaining whole just as his own people.

BOTH Israel and Iran are playing with fire that could burn not only their own citizens but also the citizens of many other countries. The reasonable people in each nation, Israel and Iran, need to short-circuit this rush to madness.

FF'd! :)

Bz.
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Naor
12:18 AM on 04/14/2012
"If a Nobel Laureate Can't Speak Out, Who Can?"

How about none of you? Who do you people think you are? Why should we care what your opinion on our fate is? Is it YOUR family that will be the victims of an arms race in the Middle East? Is it your family members and friends who have died at the hands of Iran's terror proxies? Is it your nations that are being threatened with annihilation? Is it your people who have numerous times through history been the targets of systematic murder? We will do whatever we feel is necessary to defend ourselves; and no one, noble prize winner or not will tell us otherwise.
02:23 PM on 04/14/2012
That's the problem, isn't it. Nobody, not even Grass, can tell you otherwise.
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Naor
04:29 PM on 04/14/2012
]Why should I care what some European says? He will not be the one who suffers the consequences of either our action or our inaction. During 1973, when the Jewish State was about to be annihilated, the Europeans wouldn't even allow a plane to land on their soil to restock our conventional weapons stocks. I've seen how much the Europeans "care" about what happens to my state.
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03:51 PM on 04/14/2012
If you/Israel will do whatever to defend yourselves, don't take American money and please do it all by yourselves. Don't ask for the US to fight your wars for you and for American lives to be lost for your defense.
Don't ask for other countries to have oversight on nuclear buildup when you already have the weapons and submit to no oversight. Hypocrisy is hypocrisy - own it, all of it and try to stay financially viable.
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Naor
07:07 PM on 04/14/2012
The strategic relationship between the US and Israel are beyond my control to extinguish. You would be better off sending such sentiments to your local representative.
07:21 PM on 04/14/2012
Israel has never asked the US to fight its wars nor has it expected American lives to be lost on its behalf.
08:46 PM on 04/13/2012
The guy was an ex NAZI so who cares what he has to say? He said all he has to say in WW2. Notice not one word on the fact that Iran has threatened to wipe Israel off the map.
09:00 PM on 04/14/2012
Gunter Grass was drafted by the Waffen-SS towards the very end of the war - do you have any idea my self-righteous fellow what it meant if you said no to an outfit that never needed to draft anyone until the end?
01:48 AM on 04/16/2012
Are you trying to say he couldn't just say no to one of the most cruel groups of people the planet has ever seen? They probably handed out puppies and cottencandy to people who refused....

.... silly man.
01:27 AM on 04/17/2012
The threat mentioned by Iran is as much of a fact as a flat earth.
09:34 PM on 04/17/2012
However it is true.