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Danielle Crittenden

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Islamic Like Me: Is Western Culture More Sexually Oppressive Than The Burka?

Posted: 12/12/07 02:12 PM ET

My series about my adventures in a Saudi burka generated a lot of fascinating comments by Huffposters. Yesterday I replied to those who asked, If a woman chooses to veil herself, shouldn't we respect that as her individual choice? Today I'll take on those who insist the West is more sexually oppressive towards women than those Islamic societies in which the burka is enforced. (Readers who are catching up can click here to see a video of my experience, which appears in Canada's National Post. Click here to read all four parts of my series.)

Is Western Culture More Sexually Oppressive Than The Burka?

Many feminist readers expressed solidarity with their burka-clad sisters: While not necessarily "agreeing" with laws that"force" women to swaddle themselves in black wool, they sympathized with a woman's desire to do so "by choice," given the oppression Western women are subject to walking around unswaddled:

"[S]uggesting that western women are in some way more liberated and free because of how they dress is a little off the mark," wrote screenname Hoopoe, speaking for the majority with this view. "Freeing women from what the author calls 'oppressive' attire in the west, and particularly the U.S., has imposed a whole new set of expectations upon women to conform to the standards of attractiveness designated by the culture. the word 'attractive' is important -- after all, who are women 'attracting' with their appearance if not men? have no illusions: our 'choices' are still largely dictated by the will of men.

"in the extreme, these standards lead to eating disorders, plastic surgery, a massive cosmetics industry, and a whole array of magazines to push the new 'must have' fashions of the season, etc..."

"it may make some people feel better to tell themselves they are more cultured, more free, and more respected because they can choose to wear a skimpy top to show off their new breast implants and the abs it took six months of torture in the gym to develop, but this is one woman who doesn't buy it. the way i see it, women get a pretty raw deal everywhere..."

And screenname pa104inf wrote: "America is rife with violence and suffering and the women here need to stand up and take responsibility for allowing themselves to be degraded, objectified and reduced to a sexual object."

My reply: Oh, to be objectified and reduced to a sexual object! Kidding. KIDDING. (That was my middle-aged ego speaking...)

Seriously, let me begin by saying that as a mother of three -- including a teenage girl -- I am constantly made aware of the pressures in the culture that encourage my daughters to look and behave like skanks. Further, there is no way of keeping away these pressures, short of blacking out the windows, disconnecting the television and computers -- as well as plugging up every other crevice into which they may seep. I think few Americans (outside of Maxim-reading teenage boys) would disagree that our pop culture could be toned down a bit without infringing on free speech. In this view, feminists and Evangelicals are not so far apart: feminists believe almighty men are to blame for objectifying women; Evangelicals, the godless. But both sides would like to see fewer tattooed cleavages of partying celebrities affronting them when they buy milk.

As a parent, I know I have to do my best to limit my daughters' (and son's) exposure to these pressures; I also have to take responsibility for the example I set them, and the rules that I make. But at some point -- as teenagers are constantly at pains to point out -- we have to acknowledge our children as individuals who will need to develop their own resistance to cultural infections. We can give them antibiotics -- but they are the ones who have to take them. That's how citizens of free and democratic societies are launched.

So as often as I sincerely wish to throw a blanket over my teenage daughter before she goes out, I know I can't do this (although I can cluck, like a churchwoman, "Aren't you going to be cold in that, dear?"). I'm sure Mr. Muhammed Parvez felt the same sort of frustration with his 16-year-old daughter, Aqsa, before he decided the solution was to strangle her to death. In the otherwise modern, democratic suburb of Toronto in which the Parvezes live, Aqsa, according to her girlfriends, "was having trouble at home because she did not conform to the family's religious beliefs and refused to wear a traditional Islamic head scarf, or hijab.

"'She wanted to go different ways than her family wanted to go, and she wanted to make her own path, but he (her father) wouldn't let her,' one of her classmates told the CBC.

"'She loved clothes' another of her friends, Dominiquia Holmes-Thompson, told the Toronto Star. 'She just wanted to show her beauty... She just wanted to dress like us, just like a normal person.'

"According to her friends, Aqsa had worn the hijab at school last year, but rebelled in recent months."

And the girl wasn't even being told to wear a burka! So why did Mr. Parvez believe murder was the appropriate punishment for teenage rebellion? Because according to the version of Islam to which Mr. Parvez subscribes, his daughter -- like his wife -- is his personal property. As such, he has the right to punish her how he pleases (or, as he might put it, how "Allah" thinks she should be punished). When such a daughter finally decides to "stand up and take responsibility for herself," she doesn't get grounded, she gets killed.

There are differences between "pressures" -- which individuals can choose to resist -- and "oppression" -- which individuals have no power to resist. Those who defend the burka place themselves intellectually on the side of those who would ban all books because some might contain dangerous ideas or smut; ban the Internet because it carries pornography as well as information; ban the sight of women because even the slightest show of flesh could tempt a man, and we can't rely on individuals to regulate themselves.

Let me ask those who defend the burka on the grounds it "liberates" women from sexual pressures: If it led to more respect for women, why do those who wear it live in societies where they are among the worst treated in the world? And why, for all our boob jobs and celebrity tattoos, do American women receive among the most male respect in the world?

Two last words from HuffPosters:

From screename Ceneric: "This is yet another not-so-complicated issue. The veil is used to maintain the woman as property. It's there so other guys cannot look at her. It's not voluntary, if they don't wear it, they will get raped or killed, etc. They should be outlawed. Sadaam was definitely right on this issue, he had the coverings burned in the street. He was trying to drag his society into the 20th century until we intervened." [Editor's note: Maybe more like the 18th century...]

From screenname Cavedog: "I think it's interesting to compare this the social oppression of women through advertising in the U.S. - but they're not really much alike in terms of consequences for disobeying the norm.

"In the U.S., nobody gets stoned or strangled for not wearing the most fashionable clothing, or for being heavier than average.... In western culture, there's pressure to conform but if you don't, the consequences are fairly small and you can always find people who sympathize with you. But (and let me be very careful about this) in *some* strains of Islamic culture, there's pressure to conform and a pretty dire consequence if you don't -- and your compatriots will suffer those same consequences, so they might not be there to sympathize."

Tomorrow: Just because veiling is culturally different from our customs, why should we feel threatened by it?

 
 
 

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12:12 AM on 12/16/2007
Is some respects discussing the burqa is not legitimate.
Islam does not require a woman to wear a burqa or similar dress modes, you've only got to have a look at women on the hadj(pilgimage to Mecca) where it is required that they not be veiled - they do wear the hijab though.
12:35 PM on 12/13/2007
I live in a Brooklyn neighborhood with a large Muslim community. Our local paper recently ran a story about Muslim public high-school girls who shed the burqa on the way to school in the morning and put it on again during the walk home in the afternoon, so their immigrant parents will think they were wearing the burqa all day long.
I see these girls walking to school with their Irish-, Italian-, and Latin-American classmates. Like the other girls, they wear jeans, T-shirts, Nikes—but with a burqa. You can almost see them becoming assimilated Americans before your eyes--the burqa looks like a vestigial trace of something once vital but now irrelevant, the classic panda's thumb.
That's how it is in Brooklyn, that's how it's always been here: The first-generation parents warily clinging to the ways of their fathers, while the second generation is seduced by America, embraces it, and then wholeheartedly succumbs.
In 10 or 20 years the Muslim kids I see from my window will be living next door to you in Ohio or Florida or Arizona or wherever you're reading this. They'll be driving their kids to soccer practice, noodging their husbands to mow the lawn, and complaining that with 900 channels on TV there's still nothing good on. And you'd never suspect that these Levi-clad American moms were once burqa-wearing schoolgirls whose parents felt helplessly, hopelessly like strangers in a strange land.
Brooklyn's greatest export has always been Americans, and we're shipping out new models all the time.
08:47 AM on 12/13/2007
When germany was reunited two models of womanhood clashed. In the east were unideological women who rejected any notion of male superiority out of a self-esteem which came from economical independence (through guaranteed jobs for everyone, eastgermany had the highest rate of women in the workforce of all industrialized countries 90 something %)), the not even disputed fact that women can do a lot of what men can do equally good (one out of ten inventions in the gdr was made by a woman compared to one out of 50 in the west) and a sense of security which was achieved through the providing of Kindergarten places for everyone (literally 100%) which were free of charge. In West-germany it was a more ideological battle along the same lines as in the USA.
In the GDR there was no need to sell your body, because of the job-security. One sign for that is the nudity-culture, which was very popular, which is of course an indicator that people don't use their body or see it as an object for which a price is to be paid. This all lead to two strange results: 1. even though the gdr had (and rightfully so) a bad press, women were very fastly aware of what being a woman in a capitalist society means and didn't like that.
2. The sex (the men agreed) was better!

So the discussion should in my opinion not be narrowed down to what kind of oppression is more nasty(in this category the islamic model of womanhood wins) but what to do about oppression in general, for less sexism and better sex!
One (if not the) ingredient for liberation is always economical independence. But that means for most women (and men) not to be anomically confronted with market forces, but to have job-security. It means not only to have the right to get babies and work, but also the possibility to do that in a dignified way.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
rlehman
08:37 AM on 12/13/2007
The author states that the culture of the west is not as oppressive as those cultures which require the burka for women. Since the author is white, educated and (presumably) middle class this isn't something she can really speak to. Try being black, semi-literate, and a product of public housing. But, since she can't try that she can start thinking a bit more outside the box. I realize she did try this with her experiment. But, the only thing she can really say for sure is that her experience with the burka was ________. A woman who has grown up with it will have a completely different perpspective as will a woman who did not grow up with it and is now forced to wear it.

One cannot change cultural attitudes overnight and one cannot unoppress someone who doesn't believe the oppression you are concerned about is an issue. It is no real news that women are oppressed in most non-Western countries around the world and that they are oppressed differently than those in Western countries. But, until we are willing to pull the plank from our own eye and until we are willing to be respectful of cultures other than our own, rather than picking and choosing what we will respect and what we will not then we are worse than those who do not walk the hypocrites path.
01:52 AM on 12/13/2007
Give me a break. Having Crittenden talk about this matter of Islamic dress (IMO she's handled it terribly so far) and try to definitively juxtapose it with the murder of this poor girl is akin to talking about the Congo's latest violence and having James Watson give his commentary on it.

Anyhow, this is a clear-cut case of domestic abuse that will result most likely in a 2nd degree murder charge and I guess can be considered a crime of passion. I see absolutely all Canadian Muslims and Muslim institutions condemning this act for what it is a tragic crime, so I fail to see how this act can be attributed to the lot of Canadian Muslim society or their symbols.

Furthermore, I don't think even Mrs. Crittenden is naive or ignorant enough to imagine that domestic violence is not a pressing and recurring problem in non-Muslim Canadian society as much as it is in this case. As far as I am concerned, it makes no difference when a man inflects violence upon his family b/c he is in a zealous rage or in an intoxicated rage. In fact, I think its fair to say in absolute terms the latter is still more of a problem here than the former...
01:48 AM on 12/13/2007
If God is a man, then men are closer to God, and therefore, superior. Since women are not like God, they can be owned as objects, slightly above a dog. How many religions preach endlessly that God is a man? Whether they come right out and say it or whether they just use male pronouns, the underlying logic is that: God is a man, not a woman. Even Christianity, which talks of the "Trinity" claims a Father, a Son, and a male Holy Spirit (some would argue about the Holy Spirit, but in the bible it does say male (in John) and growing up in church I heard about this Holy Male Threesome Trinity often.) The point is: in these religions, God has been completely de-feminized, and originally this was probably to control women, and now it's just the way things are...with God being a completely unbalanced masculine entity.
01:33 AM on 12/13/2007
Here is food for thought. Long time ago when
I was a student with plenty of time, I used
to engage in those esoteric and philosphical
topics about this and that. The conclusion is
the following: Ultimately without point of
reference, usually religion. Anything goes
and everybody can sing his own song. Here are
few examples. Homosexuality, sexual
revolution, alcohol is OK but drugs are not.
In fact with no guidance and reference earth
is no more than a large playground where
humanity is experiencing itself and who is
to say that this or that is wrong. It is said
in one of the religious books that we will
be so busy living until we hit the ground.
I guess when we hit the ground then we will
know what was right and what was wrong and
if there is a god or not.
It is unbelievable to me that most of the
people do not spend a fraction of their
lives wondering about where from it all
started. Now as to the veil, one needs to
read more about islam to understand the whys
and also understand the effects of culture
on the form of the veil or the clothing.
For those who want to know, the net is an
ocean of information where you can find the
answers if you are a seeker. But if you are
blind I am afraid there is no cure for
you. A few words to the wise. Be your own
coach, keep things in perspective and have
a 360 vision. Your field of vision is past
present and your inner eye.
01:18 AM on 12/13/2007
The burka and hijab and all similar garments have one message - that bad behaviour by men is the fault of the women. Societies that insist on these coverings for women also will not accept a woman or girl who has been 'defiled' for any reason. So, if a female is assaulted, even if she is not technically raped, she will be unmarriageable and no longer considered respectable. If she's been assaulted by a member of her own family and she dares to go the the police or dares to complain to anyone, she is very likely to be killed by her family to preserve the family 'honour'.
Many women who wear the burka or hijab come from families that honour and respect them, but they are totally dependant on the males of their families to be granted this respect. Females unlucky enough to be married to children of abusive, controlling males have severely circumscribed lives and no viable options.
Incidents like the murder of Aqsa Parvez should cause all North American and Western European women to refuse to wear the hijab because of what it stands for, and it should disappear from Western society as surely as the surname Hitler has disappeared.
08:39 PM on 12/12/2007
I find it interesting that women who claim that they choose to veil themselves want unveiled women to respect their "choice" - and yet, refuse to respect the choice of women who don't, by subtly slamming the unveiled. A few months ago, I saw an American Muslim who covers on TV, "Why would I want to attract the attention of men who are not my husband?" - implying that anyone who isn't veiled is somehow seeking such attention. The issue of choice also needs to be looked at in light of the fact that people are very susceptible to the influence of their culture and people they care about [consider that 80% of the people who practice any religion practice the religion they were born in] Are there any atheists who choose to veil?

Being "attractive" is assumed to only appeal to males. Has no one ever dressed up to please their mother? Herself? [At all-girls' high school, I experienced extreme pressure to impress the other girls - if you showed up a single day in the school year without makeup, you could be forever labelled a "les" and ostrasized.] And is it not a sign of clinical depression when someone stops caring about their hygeine and dress?

Finally, veiling is based on the idea that it is women's burden to prevent bad behavior by men [And I notice that when male bad behavior occurs in cultures where veiling is common it is often women who are punished for the infraction.] When I wear a miniskirt in public, I know that the men I will encounter will behave themselves.

People live up or down to the expectations they encounter. Veiling assumes men can't control themselves, miniskirts assume women are safe in the company of men.
07:58 PM on 12/12/2007
Wonderful balanced article.

And yes the comparison between the pressures on women in our society and the oppression of women in fundamentalist Islamic society is so far off it is almost laughable

I don't mean to say that our culture is easy on women, the statistics of eating disorders, suicide and depression are evidence of just how hard it is, but they do have rights here.

However, the idea of making the Burka, no matter how much we disdain it illegal, is just another kind of oppression.

Give women equal rights. Punish men who abuse them. End the legal domination of women in the muslim world.

(A very tall order indeed)

Then, if women choose to wear a burkah, more power to them.
07:52 PM on 12/12/2007
I am still having quite a bit of trouble treating the author as credible:

1. She can't even use the proper terms for her subjects.
2. Her family is complicit in the rollback of women's rights in Iraq: Since our invasion it has become unsafe for any woman to NOT wear the burkah she so despises.
07:30 PM on 12/12/2007
I found your video about with how you felt wearing a Burka from a western woman’s point of view. You complained about movement and how uncomfortable you were and how people would perceived you in your world It has no real relevance to an Islamic woman in her culture and how SHE feels about it in her world. Why do you do gooders like to impose your will without asking the people you are imposing it on about how they FEEL. I find it very holier then thou to decide what other women should wear whether it is men doing it or a women like you. I once was told by a European woman how oppressed us Americans were because I was wearing a bathing suit on the beach. Should Europe propose a law that I had to go naked on the beach? Are our women oppressed because we are forced by law in most places to wear a shirt while men don’t have too. In NYC women can go topless, do many chose to do it? Who cares! I wear what I feel comfortable in and feel liberated because I can chose. It is equality I care
If you talk to most Islamic women you would know that they hate how the Burka has become a political tool. No one cares about the women herself only her clothes. She becomes an objectified symbol not a person and are we not trying to get away from objectification? We “freed” Kuwait from Hussein but no one cares that the women aren’t even allowed to drive there but hey, they are our friends. People like to whine about countries we're politically opposed too like Iraq/Iran but what about Burkas in Turkey, India, or Malaysia? . This is how we help justify wars. If we really want to help women persuade our politicians to push for equality laws using the UN, trade, and political pressure on all countries.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Pdubya
06:55 PM on 12/12/2007
perhaps. but hell, our way is alot more fun.

now, if we could only evolve to a european acceptance of sexuality within social frameworks.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
hope4theflowers
06:38 PM on 12/12/2007
this is a stunning article.Thank you for writing it,Danielle.I have had experience with Muslims,and seen first hand the glaring differences between a western culture and a strict Muslim culture.
Picture this:
a beautiful beach...westernish tourists running around almost naked playing volley ball and splashing happily in the water. On the beach there is a woman in a burkha sitting alone facing the water.Her husband,sporting knee lenghth trunks and nothing else wades out into the salty Dead Sea .The woman sees me watching her and our eyes lock until I look away.Its all I could see of her..her eyes.
Picture me with my Muslim friends ,trying to understand what that Saudi woman must be feeling.I sit in the scrawny shade of a palm with a female friend while the males run to go swimming.I could go in too..clothed if I chose..(Im an American female in the company of Muslim friends)since it WAS 100 degrees in the shade.
My friend asks me whats wrong.I glance quickly in the direction of the woman in the burkha and my friend silently understands why im unsettled.What did say? She looked carefully at me and said,"do NOT complicate things".And then as if she felt she had been tainted somehow,she turned from me and began praying to Allah.Or maybe,it was simply her way of telling me she is ok with her life.
I wish I had profound things to add to this experience.But what was painful for me to see,was just how it is for so many.I didnt learn much from this experience except that the world is a very strange place.And that it can be a very lonely place too.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Cid
06:21 PM on 12/12/2007
"In western culture, there's pressure to conform but if you don't, the consequences are fairly small and you can always find people who sympathize with you."

Really? How many gay men have been murdered in this country for 'not conforming'? And before you spew "It's not government sanctioned here!", ask the victims families if that changes anything.

Their religion/society has issues, so does ours. Which is worse? A subjective call at best. So, if you want to do the whole "We're #1" republican lemming dance, would you mind doing it somewhere else?.