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Dave Johnson

Dave Johnson

Posted: March 21, 2011 12:13 PM

What "Free Trade" Has Cost the World


If you take a job away from someone who is paid a reasonable wage because they enjoy the protections and prosperity of democratic government, move it across a border, and give it to someone living under a thugocracy, forced to work for pennies with no protections whatsoever, it should be just plain obvious that the worker on our side of the border and the worker on the other side of the border are not going to be better off. And when you do this on a massive scale it just stands to reason that most people on both sides of the border are going to be worse off.

But propaganda being what it is we were somehow convinced to try a worldwide experiment in taking good jobs from democracies and turning them into bad jobs in thugocracies. Now, of course, the experiment has run its course and we can see the results.

Worker Against Worker

Setting worker against worker enabled a few people to get really, really really wealthy and powerful and use that wealth to become even more wealthy and powerful. Our country is in decline, burdened by massive trade deficits because the ones with vested interests in cheap labor won't let us won't take on the mercantilists, burdened by budget deficits because those vested interests have bought low taxes and government subsidies, our infrastructure crumbles because multinational business leaders refuse to invest here, with no more need of us as workers, and the resulting hollowed-out middle class can't consume anymore. Other countries also suffer from similar stresses.

Out of this situation a new global elite has emerged, contemptuous of democracy and government and any power but the power of their own money. In country after country, these top few won't share the proceeds with their own, either, while they keep the world from approaching solutions.

In January's post, Establishment Realizing: When You Close The Factory We Can't Make A Living, I wrote about how "the establishment," or as bloggers call it, "The Village" or "Versailles," are starting to realize that our trade policies just might not be working for us. Of course, they come to this realization only after our trade deficits approach the trillion mark, after we have lost millions of manufacturing jobs, after we have closed tens of thousands of factories, after we have lost the tech manufacturing industry, and after we have abandoned hopes of leading in green manufacturing as well...

(We're still waiting for them to realize that tax cuts do not increase revenue, that spending more on military than all other countries combined might contribute to deficits, that our too-big-to-fail financial sector is capable of causing problems, that the climate really is changing, that allowing corporations to pump money into politics means the end of democracy... but hey, a dollar spent by a vested interest on a politician apparently is a dollar very, very well spent.)

In the Washington Post, Steven Pearlstein recently reviewed Dani Rodrik's "The Globalization Paradox,"

It is dogma among economists and right-thinking members of the political and business elite that globalization is good and more of it is even better. That is why they invariably view anyone who dissents from this orthodoxy as either ignorant of the logic of comparative advantage or selfishly protectionist.

But what if it turns out that globalization is more of a boon to the members of the global elite than it is to the average Jose?

Right, what if?

In "The Globalization Paradox," Dani Rodrik demonstrates that those questions are more than hypothetical -- that they describe the world as it really is rather than as it exists in economic theory or in the imagination of free trade fundamentalists.

. . . The starting point of Rodrik's argument is that open markets succeed only when embedded within social, legal and political institutions that provide them legitimacy by ensuring that the benefits of capitalism are broadly shared.

And a unicorn. And a rainbow.

The paradox, as Rodrik sees it, is that globalization will work for everyone only if all countries abide by the same set of rules, hammered out and enforced by some form of technocratic global government. The reality is, however, that most countries are unwilling to give up their sovereignty, their distinctive institutions and their freedom to manage their economies in their own best interests. Not China. Not India. Not the members of the European Union, as they are now discovering. Not even the United States.

In the real world, argues Rodrik, there is a fundamental incompatibility between hyper-globalization on the one hand, and democracy and national sovereignty on the other.

Clyde Prestowitz threw a one-two punch at free trade after Senator John McCain claimed that the iPhone and iPad are Made in America. In Why isn't the iPhone made in America? at Foreign Policy magazine, Prestowitz wrote,

John McCain provided some good laughs and made himself look stupid on a recent ABC news interview by telling Diane Sawyer that the iPhone and iPad are great examples of products that are made in America.

They're not. And given the amount of high technology production in his state, McCain should certainly have known better. The fact that he didn't does make you wonder about what, if anything, they know in the U.S. Senate.

Prestowitz goes on to explain that while the iPhone is manufactured in China, parts, software, design and other components are made all around the world, not necessarily for low wages. He concludes,

So if America actually did produce the stuff it says it is good at producing, it wouldn't have a trade deficit with Asia for which China is the proxy at all. It would have a trade surplus and 20-40,000 more jobs than it has.

Prestowitz looks at a smaller picture here of the back-and-forth of trade with the US and China. Design, software and other capital and technology intensive components are not made in China. But the bulk of the jobs are in China. This could work for everyone if people there were paid enough -- and allowed by their government -- to buy things made here. That would be trade and everyone would be better off. But trade isn't really the point of "free trade."

Then, in It's not just the iPhone that America doesn't make, Prestowitz conitinues,

Okay, so yesterday I explained not only that John McCain was wrong to say the iPhone is made in America (as you already knew), but also that most of you were wrong to think it is made in China. I went on to show that the phone is only assembled in China from high-tech parts that are mostly made in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. I further explained that production of these parts is not labor intensive, but capital and technology intensive.

In other words, these parts are just the kinds of products American economists, Silicon Valley venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, and Washington political leaders always say America is the best in the world at making. ... Then I left you with the question of why, if America is so good at making this stuff, it doesn't.

[. . .] it was believed that unilateral free trade (keeping one's markets open, even in the face of protectionism by one's trading partners) was a winning proposition. Thus, there was no need to be concerned about things like subsidization of key foreign industries or loss of capability in these fields, and hence no need for trade measures that might upset delicate geopolitical relationships.

This economic doctrine has been based upon the assumption of Anglo/American economics that economies of scale either don't exist in most traded products and industries or are relatively unimportant. That this assumption is dramatically and demonstrably wrong and not accepted by most of the non-Anglo world has not deterred its application to the making of much American and global trade policy.

In other words, it doesn't work. But we already knew that. We can see it all around us. And it is us who have to live with the results.

This post originally appeared at Campaign for America's Future (CAF) at their Blog for OurFuture. I am a Fellow with CAF.

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03:58 PM on 04/23/2011
For the U.S. to rid itself of its current economic problems as far as trade deficits and our gradual falling towards a third world country we need to stop the globalization that is always pushed so heavily for and thought of as the more the better. Free trade and globalization is killing our middle class and economy in general.
In order to correct the issue we must bring some sort of strong manufacturing base back to the U.S. Yes this will raise prices on American goods, however you would have a strong set of middle class workers who, if supplied with jobs that are not as scarce as they are now, could be paid more and counteract the higher price of the goods.
We are one of, if not the only country, which is told that deficit spending is ok. To a degree a deficit is ok, our economy is one of the few that can still function with a deficit, but trillions is too much especially when we are creating no real wealth for our nation. We push the wealth (manufacturing) to other areas of the globe because it is cheaper and we fail to realize that by doing that we our pulling ourselves lower and lower in the amount of wealth the nation secures. The globalization tactics the U.S. uses must be changed to cut deficits. Telling the U.S. "You live above your means anyway deal with it” won’t solve the issue.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
tacevad
American SS Card Carrying Socialist
10:07 PM on 03/22/2011
ideally the end result of free trade involves raising the standard of living of the poorest, conversely it involves lowering that standard for those well to do countries such as the USA.
We see some indication of that raising standard of living in China,but the overall cost of Free Trade is proving unbearable here at home.Especially because we have less than ideal conditions involving certain greedy corporations.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Malcolm Hensley
Last of the Reagan Republicans
04:27 PM on 03/22/2011
Free Trade - That old British Empire economic theory that breaks down to the winners are those nations or corporations that get away with treating their citizens/workers and environment the worse for added profit!

I believe future generations will look back at this era where the winners are those nations that do the most harm to their environment and allow little protections of workers and make comparisons to Colonial Times and slavery!
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frank day
Republican = FAIL
04:15 PM on 03/22/2011
There have certainly been gains made from increased trading.

The real problem is income inequality and worker dislocation.

Remedying these problems will require governments to take a more active role.
Many succesful industrial nations do just that.
Outdated institutions and ideology have thus far prevented the United States from taking corrective actions.

I had hoped the current crisis would result in a more proactive political climate.
However, reactionary politics combined with anti-regulatory corporate lobbying have thus far circumvented corrective measures to a large degree.
ThePeacemakers
Concerned Citizen
02:05 PM on 03/22/2011
Good stuff. You left out the part about how these same globalists stick their fingers in every government treasury, while preaching austerity to populations.
missprissanna
the weight of the news nearly broke my back
11:15 AM on 03/22/2011
Only the yachts have been "lifted", the row boats that haven't already hit bottom, are sinking quickly.
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marijam
Independent
07:18 AM on 03/22/2011
There is an element on both the right and the left that is waking up to the problems of free trade. Pat Buchanan has long said that free trade is economic treason. In a poll, 60% of Tea Party members thought that globalization had hurt us more than it had helped us. Obama was elected in spite of his "Canadian memo" in which he took back what he had previously said about renegotiation of NAFTA. Our "free trade" policy isn't really about trade at all, it's about spreading Western Civilization across the globe. It will be interesting to see what the Republican candidates have to say about free trade during the election cycle, and how Obama is going to protect his broken record on what he said during the campaign to get elected, versus what he actually ended up doing.
Some references on free trade from both the right and the left:
Free Trade Doesn't Work by Ian Fletcher
Bringing America Home by Tom Pauken
How the Economy Was Lost by Paul Craig Roberts
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Dave Johnson
11:06 AM on 03/22/2011
Add to the list The Betrayal of American Prosperity: Free Market Delusions, America's Decline, and How We Must Compete in the Post-Dollar Era by Clyde Prestowitz
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cyclone70
if there was a time to reach for the pitchfork
06:41 AM on 03/22/2011
I never bought into the claims that there would be "vast new markets" for american goods and services

who really believed that third world countries would be buying US made products in any meaningful way?

free trade has never been about what the propagandists preached - "lifiting all boats" and other nonsense.

it is and has been about making it easier for jobs, technology and capital to move across borders, subverting comparative advantage. the measure of this of course is the trade deficit - the measure of jobs, technology and wealth leaving the US

NAFTA as we said back in the day No American Factories Taking Applications
06:43 AM on 03/22/2011
There is a problem linking thug-ocracy to a loss in jobs, primarily manufacturing jobs.

a) 9 out of 10 of our largest trading partners are full democracies, with China being the lone outlier. In addition, our biggest trading partner, Canada (1), pays there workers quite well , as do Germany (5), UK (6), France (8), Japan (4), Korea (7), and Taiwan (9).

b) As much many would like imports to be the problem, a bulk of them, 55%-60%, are oil, chemicals and capital goods used in the manufacturing process. The shut down of car companies because of parts shortages due to the Japan quake is an example of how imports play a role in the manufacturing of higher value-added goods.

c) Since the 70’s our manufacturing production has continued to increase and we now produce more than we ever have. Production has not gone down. Yet jobs have disappeared. How is it that manufacturing output and manufacturing jobs are inversely correlated?

Technology!!! That is where the jobs have gone and it is where opponents of trade need to focus their efforts.

Kai
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kokobell616
Your micro-bio is pending approval
07:27 AM on 03/22/2011
I would be interested to see this Data. "Since the 70’s our manufactur­ing production has continued to increase and we now produce more than we ever have" Silly to think otherwise. As there are millions more people living now than then..
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cyclone70
if there was a time to reach for the pitchfork
07:27 AM on 03/22/2011
oil is a third, good from china a third, and the other third of the trade difiict is everything else.

the parts shortages from japan show a major weakness in having supply chains spread all over the world

honest economists recognize that those production numbers do not accurately reflect the amount of foreign content and labor in US goods and are artificially inflated

techonogy does not account for the scale of job and factory loss. what new mfg tecnology in the last two, ten, 20 years has their been? these are largely mature technologies, and when its cheaper to ffshore than to invest millions in automation.
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Dave Johnson
11:35 AM on 03/22/2011
Trade CAN be about that, but we have to approach it with that goal, not the goal of exploiting workers to lower costs.

We have a vast market of our own here, and others want in. If we have conditions on access to our markets, like paying fair wages, protecting the environment,or else pay a big tariff to remove the competitive advantage gained from not doing those things, then they either make those changes or the tariff finances OUR investment to increase competitiveness.
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cyclone70
if there was a time to reach for the pitchfork
08:23 PM on 03/22/2011
right on. we need to be much smarter about leveraging our own vast market, not only to make our trading "partners" play fairly, but also producing much more of what we consume ourselves like it used to work in the heyday of US mfg 40s-70s

so many even among non free trading economists are tar-iff-ied of the "T" word, yet it is the most appropriate,easiest to apply method to right an imbalance, not to mention raising govt revenue, easing the need for foreign debt and reducing the tax burden on individuals and business
09:47 PM on 03/22/2011
Mr Johnson:

I would rephrase your statement to read like this:

‘[Technology and Modern Manufacturing] CAN be about that, but we have to approach it with that goal, not the goal of exploiting [the Agricultural Worker that uses traditional farming methods] to lower costs.

We have a vast [traditional family plot farming] market [] here, and others want in [to make it more efficient using advanced technology and new efficient farming techniques]. If we have conditions on access [to the agricultural industry], like [limiting technology], protecting the environmen¬t, or else pay a big tariff to remove the competitiv¬e advantage gained from [efficient farming using technology], then they either make those changes or the tariff finances OUR investment to increase competitiv¬eness [of the traditional farmer].’

Just think, if we followed the above, we would have protected the 70 percent of our population that was in agriculture at the turn of the twentieth century. We would be THE GREATEST and STRONGEST agricultural nation on earth…but wait, we are anyway. How is that possible?

But wait, all those poor farmers lost jobs and those jobs never came back. Now there are only 2-3% of the population with good farming jobs and everyone else, by assumption, must be worse off with a worse job. No?

Kai
10:15 PM on 03/21/2011
As I pointed out in another posting by far most of the damage to our economy is not coming at the hands of countries we have free trade with but with countries with which we don't have an FTA. This isn't to say we should rush out and sign FTAs with everyone, that would be disasterous, but rather reform the way we trade with countries outside of our FTAs to maximize our trade advantage. If used effectively FTAs can allow us to trade with countries that result in a net trade benefit while cutting off merchantilists. Of our existing FTA's only bringing Mexico in has been noticeably damaging to job growth. So I don't think our free trade policy has been entirely reckless, it's more our complete disregard for unfair trade arrangements outside our free trade agreements. Somehow this fact is missed on people who think NAFTA is the reason almost everything in the store is made in China these days.
10:46 PM on 03/21/2011
By the way, thanks for the links. The last article you referenced nails the issue, labor costs don't make as much of a difference as many people think, I really suggest everyone read the full article:

http://prestowitz.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/03/09/its_not_just_the_iphone_that_america_doesnt_make
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Malcolm Hensley
Last of the Reagan Republicans
05:25 PM on 03/22/2011
I think Daniel Webster was right!
03:54 PM on 03/21/2011
Now another FTA" Korus "backed by Republicans ,Citicourp,an Bush . Will be jammed down the American Worker throat by a Democratic Pres Obama ? In 08 Obama said this FTA was bad for America ?

NAFTA" 58,000 plants an factory close in America 25 million American jobs lost because of NAFTA

An instead of removing tax cut from NAFTA" to move jobs overseas ? Pres Obama want to jam another FTA Thur ?


Korus" FTA with Korea .. no jobs for the American worker with this FTA none .
11:54 PM on 03/21/2011
NAFTA was a Clinton success! I am sure that you must have a hearty disgust of those free-trade-seeking Democrats.
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cyclone70
if there was a time to reach for the pitchfork
06:33 AM on 03/22/2011
A success by what measure? - US mfg jobs lost to mexico, mexican ag sector destroyed, increased illegal immigration, increased drug and gang activity on the border and on and on
03:31 PM on 03/22/2011
NAFTA" was a Bush FTA .Passed by Clinton. Clinton passed bank deregulation . Yes I have disgust for a Rep. or dem. that would cost America 1 job let alone 25 million jobs?
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Malcolm Hensley
Last of the Reagan Republicans
05:32 PM on 03/22/2011
Free trade is an old British Empire economic theory that breaks down to which ever nation or Corporatio­n that gets away with treating its citizen/wo­rkers and environmen­t the worse makes the most profit!

Why play that game?

For us to play this game to win we have to give up all our environmen­tal laws and all our protection for workers. No EPA No OSHA!

I think that's a bad idea!

Just my view as someone still manufactur­ing here helping employ 500 + people so I'm bias but I believe my arguments are sound!
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03:21 PM on 03/21/2011
From PublicCitizen...

http://citizen.typepad.com/eyesontrade/2011/03/debunked-fta-export-claims-continue-to-pop-up.html
Eyes on Trade: Debunked FTA Export Claims Continue to Pop Up

"In his announceme­nt of the hearing on the Colombia FTA that occurred yesterday, Rep. Kevin Brady alleged that "Since 2000, U.S. exports to the 13 countries with which the United States has implemente­d trade agreements have grown almost twice as fast as our worldwide exports," but a fair accounting of the export record does not support this claim.

In our September report about the dismal record of U.S. exports to our FTA partners, Lies, Damn Lies, and Export Statistics­, we debunked similar claims floated by the Chamber of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representa­tive. Apparently fair trade opponents think this claim is just too good to let facts get in the way, because it has surfaced again in Rep. Brady's statement.

It seems Rep. Brady is engaging in the same apples-to-­oranges comparison trick that we highlighte­d in our September report (see page 18). If you take the unweighted average growth of exports to FTA partners and compare it to the weighted average growth of exports to the world over 2000-2010, you'll get an FTA growth rate almost twice as high as the growth rate of exports to the world.* Comparing weighted and unweighted averages makes FTAs seem great for U.S. exports, but it's a false comparison­..."
03:45 PM on 03/21/2011
Hi buddy,, KORUS" FTA with Korea strong backing from Citigroup an Bush. Is now backed an the 1st to pass . Backed by Pres Obama ? In 08 Obama said a very bad FTA for America,now he loves it . The dems will pass an say they made me do it >
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04:17 PM on 03/21/2011
Just more data that supports Thomas Ferguson...

Democrats AND Republicans are just two wings of what Thomas Ferguson calls the Property Party in his "Golden Rule:..." book, first published in 1995:

http://www.amazon.com/Golden-Rule-Investment-Competition-Money-Driven/dp/0226243176
Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the
Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems (American Politics and Political Economy Series

"To discover who rules, follow the gold." This is the argument of Golden Rule, a provocative, pungent history of modern American politics. Although the role big money plays in defining political outcomes has long been obvious to ordinary Americans, most pundits and scholars have virtually dismissed this assumption. Even in light of skyrocketing campaign costs, the belief that major financial interests primarily determine who parties nominate and where they stand on the issues—that, in effect, Democrats and Republicans are merely the left and right wings of the "Property Party"—has been ignored by most political scientists. Offering evidence ranging from the nineteenth century to the 1994 mid-term elections, Golden Rule shows that voters are "right on the money."
01:38 PM on 03/21/2011
Excellent article. The argument that corporations should be allowed to run unfettered because their profits will enrich the citizenry by being passed along (supply side, trickle down or voodoo economics) is patently flawed and demonstrably bankrupt.
Use any metaphor you like (share of the pie, pyramid of wealth etc) the clear and growing division between rich and poor shows the paucity of unrestrained corporatism.
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Itaught30yrs
A proud American teacher for over 30 years.
01:35 PM on 03/21/2011
Free Trade has been a boon for American businesses that develop technology here then have the product made overseas.

Everyone remember VHS video? All of that was developed here in America in the 60's then the whole patent/technology was sold to Japan..... where ALL video recorders and equipment is still made today. No American worker has benefited from what we developed here.

We need to focus our attention on what Americans can develop AND PRODUCE HERE! We have the materials and the workers. However, the efforts now are towards lowering the American wages and protection provided by collective bargaining.

The American large companies have $$$billions sitting on the sideline. Why not invest in America to create jobs?

When unions are gone and Americans will work for less then the money will flow..

Got to love Free Trade.

Democrats and Republicans need to get off the 2012 political agenda and start working together to re-envigorize America as a place to develop and make products for the world to buy.... like we use to do.
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03:23 PM on 03/21/2011
Chinese and Indian manufacturing workers make about 3% of U.S. manufacturing workers.

Are you willing to have your income reduced by over 90% ?
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Itaught30yrs
A proud American teacher for over 30 years.
04:13 PM on 03/21/2011
NO, I am not.

Unfortunately, that is the direction US companies are going. Lower American workers wages by eliminating collective bargaining so they will accept anything to get and keep a job... even 90% less?

With so many Americans unemployed this is a sound strategy. The companies have lot's of money and can hold out for a long time to achieve their goal.

We are in a race to the bottom. The middle class lose.
03:59 PM on 03/21/2011
NAFTA 58,000 plants close up in America. An with American workers tax dollar move overseas ?
25 million jobs lost ? That should have been Obama priority in 08 . We are done now.
KORUS" FTA is now ready to pass . With Obama backing ? In 08 Obama said a bad FTA for the American worker . Now he loves it .
12:35 PM on 03/21/2011
This article makes me sad for America but I guess I cannot argue too loudly because the GOP might hear me.
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woodys ghost
Control for smilers can't be bought
12:30 PM on 03/21/2011
Good ole "everything's just fine" McCain. He's so adorable.
09:58 PM on 03/21/2011
He's dangerous.
At least to the American middle and working classes.
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cyclone70
if there was a time to reach for the pitchfork
06:36 AM on 03/22/2011
McCain campaining in MI told a group of autoworkers that the reason "free" trade wasn't working was "because we arent doing enough of it"

clueless