iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
David Bromwich

David Bromwich

Posted: July 3, 2010 05:51 PM

The Mirror of 1776

What's Your Reaction:

"Things are in the saddle,/ And ride mankind." The words were written by Emerson in a poem about the Mexican war--the first crisis that took America out of itself. The second such crisis was the Spanish-American war, and we are now in the middle of the third. The extent of our empire would have shocked the signers of the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776 they sought to establish their right to live within themselves; to affirm the integrity of a republic as something separate from an aggrandizing power that aimed at subjugation.

Things are in the saddle in Afghanistan, in Iraq, in Guantanamo. There is talk of Iran, Yemen, and the Horn of Africa.

Montesquieu observed of the elite of Augustan Rome that

virtue seemed to forget itself in order to surpass itself, and it made men admire as divine an action that at first could not be approved because it was atrocious.

Washington had in mind a similar warning against vainglory when he spoke the words of his Farewell Address on the infinite mischief of foreign entanglements. There may, he saw, be a wrong as well as a right love of one's country. The wrong overpowers by a loyalty that takes us out of ourselves. The right leads back to constitutional integrity and self-sufficiency.

We think of the Fourth of July as a holiday of actions. Hence the fireworks, the military music, the memories of heroic deeds. But to get the order of things right, we ought to commemorate not the War of Independence but (before it) the setting down of first principles. The Declaration was a special way of meaning what one said. It pledged its signers to follow a path of belief into action until their energy was spent.

Why did they publish their reasons? "A decent respect to the opinions of mankind" required that a body of men, situated as they were, "should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." Everyone knows the "certain unalienable rights" by which American liberty was here defined. The words about rights are a kind of mirror, in which we trace the true or distorted image we have made of our freedom since then. But the Declaration also speaks of the wrongs of the king, which impelled the signers to declare their separation.

They hold George III answerable, they say, for his crimes against the common rights of citizens:

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:--For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses.

What happens today when we look in this part of the mirror? Have other parties conspired to deprive Americans of trial by jury, or do we ourselves now deprive others?

A mark of the Old World, all the founders agreed, was the addiction of monarchs to war as a means of commercial and imperial expansion. In the case of Britain, the surest proof of the corruption of the wars was the lack of trust by the government in the loyalty of British subjects to fight them. They paid contractors, or as they called them, mercenaries:

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun.

Yet the wars instigated by the king were not merely wars of an empire against rebellious colonies. They could also take the form of civil wars, started up by the empire to extend its control:

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us.

And here again the mirror darkens; we seem to witness ourselves in a second-sight procession. For what is the doctrine of counterinsurgency but a program for exciting insurrections in other countries--countries whose existing order we find it to our advantage to disturb or overthrow?

To explain the difference between the picture of America in 1776 and the picture we see today would require political courage as well as imagination. We hardly have a leader or leaders in possession of such qualities; but when they do come, it is clear what knowledge they will have to impart. An empire and a republic cannot coexist. So long as they try to, the empire will ride the republic. Life to one is death to the other. The founders said so to George III in other words, but the thought is simple. No nation is an exception for the same reason that no man is an island.

Declare Independence from War video

 
 
 
  • Comments
  • 204
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
knerd
Trapped in a world he never made
05:13 PM on 07/05/2010
I used to think the sorriest words in the English language were "I told you so." Maybe they were "looks good on paper" all along.
03:45 PM on 07/05/2010
David Bromwich is right to remind us that it is always deeds and not words that define a person, tribe, movement or country.
The founding fathers, or at least the better educated ones, probably knew in their hearts that putting lofty ideals on paper was more of a PR exercise to gain the high moral ground than a serious effort to change human nature in a large portion of the globe’s population from that point onwards. Even if few of them recognized it, passing time has proven that few to be correct.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gypsy508
11:13 AM on 07/05/2010
Most of the Constitution was approved by a 9-4 or 7-6 vote amongst the 13 states. The ONLY part that was approved 13-0 was that only Congress had the power to declare wars.
Peabodies
We are the Many. They are the Few.
09:50 PM on 07/05/2010
gypsy, really?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LouGots
09:12 AM on 07/05/2010
This is not 1776 of 1789. Military technology has transfromed how the world works. Time and distance do not mean what they meant two hundred and more years ago. Death from above without warning can be rained down from the skies from half a world away. Submarine-launced missiles can reach any spot on Earth in less time than it took the Founding Fathers of walk across Philadelphia on their way to Independence Hall.

This technology cannot be uninvented, and were we to abjure its use, it would be used against us. Have we not seen the mad resentment of the self-aggreived, even in these very comments. The hatred, the lust for revenge is out there. Peace in the world is kept through our power, and through the stark fear of our power.

Let us take the opportunity of Independence Day to appreciate how fortunate is has been for all humanity that our Founders and their successors had that vision of empire which had brought us all this way. So it was, that when humanity was at need for rescue from the Germans, and the Japanese and the Communists, the power born of the vision of the Founders was there. It was there then and it is there now, for Civilzation's unfinished business in the Middle East.
photo
Sandgnat
Embrace the Lunacy
11:02 AM on 07/05/2010
"Peace in the world is kept through our power, and through the stark fear of our power."

And we have such an abundance of peace in our world...
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LouGots
12:03 AM on 07/06/2010
Indeed we have such an abundance of peace. No wars and no threats of wars. Away with the ahistorical absurdity that booby-traps and other misconduct by natives amount to "war.". War is the Somme, or Kursk, and American military virtue has rendered such calamities beyond the realm of possibility.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gypsy508
11:10 AM on 07/05/2010
Empire. I think you need to go back and read what the Founding Fathers believed about that. There is good reason against Empires. You can't be a democracy and be free and still be an Empire.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LouGots
12:11 AM on 07/06/2010
Washington and others of them looked forward to the American Empire, and actively aspired to expand our borders. The history of the United States from the very beginning is an arrow aimed at the world. It did not start with George W. Bush, you know. Jefferson, Madison, Jackson, Polk, of course, Lincoln, McKinley, Roosevelt, Wilson , the other Roosevelt, Truman--alway reaching, always advancing. Vincit, Regnat, Imperat.
photo
peterg76
Freelance medical transcriptionist
08:37 AM on 07/05/2010
I'm confused - what part was supposed to be different?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Elijah A Alexander Jr
Elijah NatureBoy
08:24 AM on 07/05/2010
David,
You've spoken exactly to my purpose in working to have the United States governed by the constitution. I see the US following the tradition of England, cunningly attempting to keep people in the blind and colonizing the wold. Our founders suspected it would happen, even saw it when the people, most unable to read, allow them to govern as they saw fit. They even amended the Constitution, 2, to prevent our military from being allowed into other nations, demanding it secure its own. In realizing it Washington said, "let us raise a standard that only the wise and honest can repair", and the time is now for or it never will be. If the NWO is implemented, it WILL never happen.

The US opens its universities to foreign student brainwashing them in US ideals, sending them home to create insurrections, prompted by our CIA, and they come before "O KING" USA to do something, relinquishing their right to control their own nations. But WE THE PEOPLE in mass don't see that. "I've got to get mine, let all other man fend for themselves" is the general mindset of Americans in mass.

Isn't what has already happened enough to awaken the dead and sleeping minds of this nation? Does "love your neighbor as you love yourself" mean anything to those people calling themselves Christians? Or does it mean "I'm selfish, let them be also"?
Peabodies
We are the Many. They are the Few.
09:58 PM on 07/05/2010
You make a lot of sense, Elijah. Sadly.
Oubastet
Is my micro-bio half empty or half full?
07:40 AM on 07/05/2010
The mirror on 1776 is affected by two major factors:

The world is a far more complex place today -- we cannot deny that. And our present-day politicians are overly interested in keeping lifetime jobs, (with benefits), rather than working for the good of the nation as public servants.

Everything else is just details.
photo
Sandgnat
Embrace the Lunacy
10:58 AM on 07/05/2010
Every generation has thought its own world a "far more complex place today", but the complexities are mere window dressing compared to the darker traits of human nature; hubris, greed, and violence. All these things remain largely unchanged.

Everything else is just details
06:21 AM on 07/05/2010
that Mirror of 1776.. it says "made in China" on the back
05:35 AM on 07/05/2010
A good article. I agree that the US is a very different creature than it was at the time of its founding. And it is very difficult to saddle such an unwieldy beast and to apply principals set out in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution when our objectives are very different. Bromwich is right that we can't act like we're living by the old principles and be imperialist at the same time.
03:24 AM on 07/05/2010
the current state of this country can be summed up by Kurt Weil's opera Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny.
Oubastet
Is my micro-bio half empty or half full?
07:40 AM on 07/05/2010
Fanned for mentioning Kurt Weil.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jeanrenoir
12:36 PM on 07/05/2010
The decline and fall of America because of all sorts of corruption of its elites and its masses are far advanced. The steamroller of history is clearly going to flatten us in this century, the same way it flattened Britain in the last. Even taking into account the tragic flaw of the slave trade, involving New England traders as much as Southern plantation owners, the Founders generation was clearly our greatest, just as the decadent narcissists of the Boomer generation have been our worst.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
03:18 AM on 07/05/2010
David I agree with everything you have said in this article, now, have you tryed to fly lately?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jinxed
starting over at 60
02:14 AM on 07/05/2010
It disgusts me that our nation is stampeded into wars that never should have been fought in the first place to enrich corporations whose only goal is profit. Our young men and women hear the siren's song of patriotism when all it is is a song of death, injury and hardship wrapped up in the American flag to disguise the true reason we are in other nations trying to remake them into us. Where do our politicians get the idea these people even want us there? Were we invited? Not likely. If we continue of this destructive path America will become a pariah nation. IMHO we are way farther down that road than we would like to admit. We have NO BUSINESS meddling in other countries affairs. We have overwhelming problems in America that should be addressed but are being ignored. Can you imagine what America would look like today if the TRILLION + that has been squandered in Iraq and Afghanistan for no good reason other than that is where our government has CHOSEN to spend it had that amount been spent here? When is it going to be America's turn?
01:29 AM on 07/05/2010
Ok David, there's one major problem with your little piece above... We (the USA) is NOT an empire! And we have no desire to be one.
02:01 AM on 07/05/2010
Your sarcasm, sir, is priceless.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
jinxed
starting over at 60
02:21 AM on 07/05/2010
Boy, are you blind! Every "war" America has been involved with since WW II has been empire building. We are now no different that Great Britain (British Tea Company) or Napoleon's quest for an empire. How about Genghis Khan or the Holy Roman Empire. The lists goes on and on. America was not MEANT to be an empire building nation but that is what we have become. The sad fact is all these recent "wars" have been fought to enrich America's corporations and NOTHING ELSE! Certainly not America who is poorer with each one.
photo
HUFFPOST PUNDIT
Todays Illusion
Ordinary and undistinguised citizen.
10:00 AM on 07/05/2010
Say Capitalism
Origins UK
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
guntotinganglion
Moe, Larry, THE CHEESE!
12:53 AM on 07/05/2010
This is a day to ponder who we really are. The Declaration of Independence, ratified on this day 234 years ago, was a statement for mankind, not just Americans. This seems to be missing in the polarized rhetoric surrounding such hot button issues as immigration, and even so far as treatment of terrorists. The DOI owed much to the Magna Carte, which stated that all British subjects had the right to their day in court, and the right to see the evidence against them and to confront their accuser. The right of habeas corpus.

This has been officially denied our "enemies" simply because they are our "enemies". This directly violates the principles set down in the DOI. "We hold these truths to be self-evident that ALL MEN are created equal". It states ALL MEN, not all Americans are equal. The philosophy of the founding fathers was universal, and meant for all who live on this planet.

I would hope that we all might pause as we watch our virtual wars in the forms of fireworks, and consider these self-evident truths. We must rekindle the fires that endeavored through the sinews of men, to take us once and for all, out of the jungles and into civilization. We must deny those who would throw this all away for short term simplicities, like "security". We have a greater mission...and it is as an example to the world of how things should be, rather than how they are.
12:02 AM on 07/05/2010
RE: "Things are in the saddle in Afghanistan, in Iraq, in Guantanamo." - Bromwich
MY COMMENT:
"...Ridin' the range once more
Totin' my old .44
Where you sleep out every night
And the only law is right
Back in the saddle again

Whoopi-ty-aye-oh
Rockin' to and fro
Back in the saddle again
Whoopi-ty-aye-yay
I go my way
Back in the saddle again..."
SINGALONG WITH GENE AUTRY / BACK IN THE SADDLE AGAIN (VIDEO, 02:52) -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLEGcD0FCNk