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David Hume Kennerly

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On the Death Of Malcolm Browne (PHOTOS)

Posted: 08/29/2012 3:37 pm

Once you've seen a world-class news photograph, it's impossible to get that image out of your mind. If television brought the Vietnam War into your living room, it was the still photo that transported it directly to your heart.

Associated Press reporter Malcolm Browne took one of the greatest photographs from the Vietnam War. He wasn't a professional photographer, but that's irrelevant. The image, a searing portrait of a Buddhist monk who set himself on fire on a Saigon street as a protest against the government, will always be regarded as one of the most essential and vivid landmarks along the torturous path of modern Vietnamese history.

That photograph had an enormous impact on President John F. Kennedy, and triggered a series of events that ultimately led to the overthrow and murder of South Vietnamese President Ngo Diem. The power of a picture should never be underestimated.

Malcolm Browne died two days ago. He won the 1964 Pulitzer Prize, not for that photo, but for his reporting of the Vietnam War, an honor he shared with David Halberstam of the New York Times. His picture of the burning monk did win the World Press Photo contest, but ironically the Pulitzer for photography that year was awarded to Robert Jackson of the Dallas Times-Herald for his photograph of Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald, President Kennedy's assassin.

Another photograph that impacted the course of history was AP photographer Eddie Adams' image from Saigon in 1968 of Saigon police chief General Nguyen Ngoc Loan shooting a Viet Cong suspect point blank in the head. The picture was awarded a Pulitzer.

That photo sharply defined what a major segment of the U.S. population thought the war had become -- a futile effort. It became a visual punctuation mark for the anti-war movement. For many Americans, Eddie's photo was a turning point in the Vietnam War, and was partially responsible for the U.S. retreat. I think that may be overstating the case, but it was an important element that contributed to public antipathy in the U.S.

Pictures also take a toll on the takers. Eddie was plagued by how his photograph was characterized. He was particularly upset about the negative impact it had on General Loan's life, and, told Time Magazine, "The general killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera. Still photographs are the most powerful weapons in the world. People believe them; but photographs do lie, even without manipulation. They are only half-truths..."

Eddie's photograph perfectly illustrates the shock and brutality of war. It has been used in thousands of different ways, from a wall-size decoration in the living room of an upscale house, to the backdrop of a Broadway play. It has become the Art of War. Eddie is gone, but that photo will be with us forever.

Another high-impact Vietnam War photo is Nick Ut's image of little Kim Phuc running down the road naked after being hit with napalm in 1972. It won the Pulitzer Prize the following year. It is fitting that a Pulitzer was given to a Vietnamese photographer, and to one whose own brother was killed in action while taking photos. Nick is also lucky to be alive -- he was wounded three times in combat as he pursued his pictures.

Scores of great photographs were made during the Vietnam War, and many photographers died taking them, but in my view Nick, Eddie and Malcolm hold the first three places in the temple of the perfect photo. Nothing really comes close to the drama, the horror and downright importance of those images.

Ten Pulitzer Prizes were awarded to journalists and photographers who covered the Vietnam War. Out of those ten, four went to correspondents: Browne, Halberstam, Peter Arnett and Bill Tuohy. Six were given to photographers Horst Faas, Adams, Ut, Kyochi Sawada, Toshio Sakai and myself.

When a friend and colleague dies, particularly one whom we worked with in Vietnam, our diminishing network comes together. I spoke to Nick Ut on the phone yesterday, and after a few minutes of discussing Malcolm Browne and the importance of his photograph, Nick said, "Dave, you and I are the only ones left who won Pulitzers for our pictures in Vietnam. How you feeling?"

Except where noted, all photos were taken by David Hume Kennerly.

Loading Slideshow...
  • Taken on June 11, 1963 by then AP Saigon correspondent Malcolm Browne, a Buddhist monk, burns himself to death on a Saigon street to protest alleged persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government.

  • Taken on June 8, 1972 by Nick Ut, crying children -- including 9-year-old Kim Phuc, center -- run down Route 1 near Trang Bang, Vietnam after an aerial napalm attack on suspected Viet Cong hiding place. South Vietnamese forces from the 25th Division walk behind them. A South Vietnamese plane accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on South Vietnamese troops and civilians.

  • Taken on May 1968 by Eddie Adams, Horst Faas, the former Associated Press Saigon bureau photo chief, is pictured with his camera during the Second Offensive in Saigon, Vietnam.

  • Lone Soldier, South Vietnam near A Shau Valley, 1971. One of the Pulitzer Portfolio photos, 1971.

  • Easter Sunday near Khe Sanh, South Vietnam, 1971.

  • Grave of South Vietnamese soldier, Highway 13, Dong Ha, 1971.

  • 101st Airborne soldier near Hue, South Vietnam, 1971.

  • Under fire with South Vietnamese soldiers Chon Thanh, 1972.

  • David Kennerly photographs helicopter near Khe Sanh, 1971.

  • Bloody VN War protester, San Francisco St. College, 1967.

  • Girl and tanks, Lai Khe, South Vietnam, 1973.

  • Nuns at Saigon funeral, 1973.

  • Viet Cong soldier and kids, Mekong Delta, 1973.

  • South Vietnamese soldeirs carry wounded comrade, Krek, Cambodia, 1971.

  • Marine A-37 fighters on bombing mission, Mekong Delta, 1972.

  • American GI patrols jungle near DaNang, 1971.

  • The village of An Loc during bombing raid, 1972.

  • South Vietnamese soldiers escape on ship from advancing North Vietnamese, Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam, 1975.

  • Refugees, Nga Trang, South Vietnam, 1975.

  • South Vietnamese soldiers, Mekong Delta, 1971.

  • American POWs, Hanoi, The Plantation Prison Camp, Hanoi, 1973.

 
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Once you've seen a world-class news photograph, it's impossible to get that image out of your mind. If television brought the Vietnam War into your living room, it was the still photo that transported...
Once you've seen a world-class news photograph, it's impossible to get that image out of your mind. If television brought the Vietnam War into your living room, it was the still photo that transported...
 
 
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06:09 AM on 09/04/2012
I am not the first person to say the power of photography and other technology can change public opinion on war as it's happening. George H.W. Bush understood well understood that permitting surgically clean, aerial videos that did not depict American troops in imminent danger while bombing Iraq were key to its perceived success and Bush's approval ratings sticking into the 90% range until a few months after the war's end and when the economy became a huge issue. To see the destruction and personal losses of innocent citizens can and should shock the conscience of any human being. Armies no longer battle just each other. By WWII, the ability to carpet bomb without regard to non-military targets or personnel (really an invention of Adolph Hitler's in his 'blitz' of London and other sites in the U.K. in 1940-41) changed battle forever. The second Iraq War could have been fought from the air except that G.W. Bush wanted Saddam Hussein's head on a platter. He lied to win our approval. I have half-joked we would have stopped the Vietnam War in 30 days if we simply carpet-bombed the North with a few billion American dollars tucked into Samsonite luggage with a friendly trade message attached and then a surgical strike to nail both leaders from the North and South. Free people with money are a bit less likely to kill each other over political ideology.
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
05:54 AM on 09/04/2012
That creates a CO2 hot spot in the atmosphere adding to the Global Warming problem.
photo
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Kevin R Schmidt
Conservatives have no place in the 21st Century
05:33 AM on 09/04/2012
I remember those images growing up in the 60s. They influenced my antiwar views I still hold today. It should be obvious why the Bush Administration did not want the press in Afghanistan and Iraq; their naked lies and crimes would have been exposed to the world.
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
05:52 AM on 09/04/2012
What's cookin ?
photo
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Steven Albright
05:11 AM on 09/04/2012
If you get accepted by the whole world , but you lose your life in vain , what have you gained , nothing ???
photo
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Trekkinbob
Reason, not religion.
05:24 AM on 09/04/2012
Notoreity. It's worth it.
05:32 AM on 09/04/2012
IF READING THIS CORRECTLY THAT IS A LEVEL THE LIBS FEAR AND WILL NEVER GO TO AND THEY DONT UNDERSTAND THE GAIN BECAUSE OF THEIR COWARDICE SO IT LEAVES IT OPEN TO BE MOCKED TO OVER COME THER INSECURITIES OF THE FEAR
09:21 AM on 09/04/2012
Yell louder.
We can't hear you.
photo
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Trekkinbob
Reason, not religion.
04:47 AM on 09/04/2012
This was a moving read. Thank you. I am a life-long amateur landscape photographer and understand the emotion evoked by the snap of a shutter. I wish more people would appreciate the art and reality portrayed by people who risk their lives for the kinds of shots described here. Well done.
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
05:55 AM on 09/04/2012
If you are going to have a BBQ atleast invite your freinds and put out more place settings.
09:23 AM on 09/04/2012
Very sensitive remark, so full of comprehension and compassion.

I'm sure we all thank you.
02:46 AM on 09/04/2012
The pulitzer winning photo of General Loan shooting point blank was actually a still frame from a movie camera. I saw that film clip years ago. So even tho moving, it was not actually a still photo. Just a carefully chosen frame from that movie camera. The film clip was very graphic when seen in its entirety.
02:19 AM on 09/04/2012
how about 3 americans MIA / POW in south vietnam...
where are 3 men right now
02:06 AM on 09/04/2012
That war was my era,too. I remember so much of the photos and articles. Yes, it was a very senseless war and no, we should not have been there at all. My oldest brother was Navy and their ship cruised the coastline and were told if any thing went down they were to start firing. That was in thlate 50's early 60's. Then in 68 my other brother went over for two tours. So, that war had one hell of an impct on me and that war will never be compared to according to th wars of now. It was so not necessary for all those names to be on that wall. My heart still aches.
05:48 AM on 09/04/2012
My era , also ! I agree that it was senseless ; the profit agenda of the "war" corporations & institutions are really the issue. the US economy has always been linked to war; Pearl harbor Gulf of Tonkin,
The ruling elite live in an alternate reality ; wrong is right-right is wrong.........
Geo Orwell envisioned this in his book, 1984.
12:56 AM on 09/04/2012
I saw the photo's and in 1969 saw the photographers....you are one of us.
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
05:53 AM on 09/04/2012
You can't eat sushi while you are doing this.
08:55 AM on 09/04/2012
Why not? It's not like you need to make a fire or carry cooking untensils.
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johnw9540
12:21 AM on 09/04/2012
Good lord I remember seeing that on the news.
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jbchartford
11:28 PM on 09/03/2012
Looking at these photos brings back so many memories.The very fabric of America was shredding.Even families were torn apart of the Vietnam War.All for nothing.
It always strikes me that America finds a way to get involved in these wars that not only aren't winnable,but somehow not even virtuous.If you look at the current war in the middle east,you can see almost a blueprint of the way we mishandled Vietnam.It is almost identical actually.
I wish the people would rise up against politicians who think political wars can be won.It SHOULD be Americas policy that war will always be the very last resort.But if you DO find your country at war with America,there will be two things that are going to happen.1.Americas goal will be to end the war as soon as possible by crushing its opponent.2.America will be leaving as soon as that has happened and you will be rebuilding your country out of the rubble left behind.Take the money out of all these corrupt leaders hands who stay rich by destroying their own peoples.
02:29 AM on 09/04/2012
Afghanistan is not a political war, if you recall that is the place in which the Taliban planned the 911 attacks. Nam was defeated "politically" as you say, on the streets of American and not the jungles or Asian. None the less your so called "blueprint" is only "your" wishful thinking to see it happen again. So poooolease, stop already.
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jbchartford
03:40 AM on 09/04/2012
Afghanistan/Iraq is not a political war? Are you insane? You cant be as smart as that Gorilla in your pic.Where have you been? You think putting troops into a country to "win over" the population is not a political war? I am a disabled from COMBAT WOUNDS Vet....you think I WANT war? Frightening to think people like you are walking around.
05:10 AM on 09/04/2012
There are many things wrong with the "official" story of what happened on 911.
The "official" story is filled with implausible explanations designed to convince a gullible public that they should ask no questions & trust their "leaders" to take revenge on "those that hate us."
A small clique of the wealthy elite have control over the gov't & world business.
This elite group covers up the facts about the assassinatins of the 60's , 911, etc.
06:05 AM on 09/04/2012
The US economy has always been linked to war.
The profit agenda of the war corporations & institutions is the issue.
The pentagon needs to keep the public in perpetual fear to justify high defense contracts.
We should stop voting for rich people to run this country for the corporations & bankers.
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jbchartford
11:14 PM on 09/03/2012
I have always wondered....What would that Buddist monk who protested by burning himself to death done had there been no photographer around?
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diamondlotus
walk softly and carry a big stick
02:27 AM on 09/04/2012
He still would have done it, just as Buddhist monks are doing now in protest of the occupation of Tibet.
05:23 AM on 09/04/2012
We live on 3 levels.
the 1st level - we live in our head using intellect & logic.
the 2nd level is the heart.
the 3rd level is the core of our being; our true identity ENLIGHTENMENT
photo
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Randy Ayo
10:54 PM on 09/03/2012
Awesome pic of a Sith Lord!!
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
05:57 AM on 09/04/2012
At least he did have a DOT approved container.
photo
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ithedoom13
10:51 PM on 09/03/2012
lol where are the Happy Pictures, like how the South Vietnamese soldiers helping innocent people, ect.. ?
lol talking about "Being Fair"
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dbonedig
Digital Biographer of/on Noteworthy Events
10:47 PM on 09/03/2012
I remember the first posting of every picture talked about in the article. In their time, they were one in a lifetime shots. I believe the picture of the General putting a bullet in the head of that vietcongmade the cover of a Magazine called LIFE. And, the other shots made the front covers of other magazines, if not Life, Also! . Anyway, back then it was real interesting. Today, that sort of thing happens around/in our Country every 10 hrs. or so. And someone has documented it but, in America it can/will be used to send someone to Jail for life. So, all the gore, gets downloaded, saved and shown only to the few!
Al Schrader
Don't limit your potential
06:04 AM on 09/04/2012
Gas is already too expensive as it is. Always read the label on the gas pump. It says has proven to cancer in laboratory animals. Donot inhale the fumes. Guard against static electricity, stop your engine, no smoking or open flames.