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David Katz, M.D.

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Unkillable Bacteria: Where Eating Meat Meets Pound of Flesh

Posted: 09/25/10 11:00 AM ET

As reported by the New York Times, the FDA is on the brink of sharply curtailing the prevailing practice of routine antibiotic administration to feed animals.

Since you probably don't have a large pig pen or cattle yard in your backyard, this might seem to be at several removes from anything you need to care about. But you should care.

Antibiotics fed to animals we eat are, in turn, to some degree eaten by us along with those animals. True, much of the drug has passed through the animal at the time of slaughter, but probably not that last dose or two. So, we, too, are nominally subject to routine antibiotic dosing. Comes along with the pickle and sesame seed bun, no extra charge.

But the far greater issue is this: microbes, aka bacteria, encounter those antibiotics in vast herds of medicated cattle and swine. The vulnerable bugs are killed; the strong survive. They survive by means of resistance factors, which are then passed on to their progeny.

The result, of course, is antimicrobial resistant bugs that laugh off such antibiotics as methicillin, and vancomycin, and just maybe ... everything else we've got.

And, unfortunately, that laughter is highly contagious. By means of such molecular devilry as plasmids, resistant bacteria can pass along traits not only to their offspring, but also to their neighbors -- and they to theirs. If this doesn't scare you, no evil thing will!

The basis for the looming FDA action is research indicating that antibiotic dosing of feed animals is probably a greater contributor to the global burden of antimicrobial-resistant germs than is the use of such drugs in hospitals; quite possibly, a far greater contributor. So the FDA action seems not only logical and warranted, but if anything, overdue.

But here's the rub: what is likely to happen to very large, very densely packed herds of feed animals raised without antibiotics? At best, infections and their toll and slower overall growth and development will almost certainly drive up the cost of meat. At worst, the conditions of industrial farming may create a giant petrie dish that propagates infections among feed animals, some of which may spread to us.

Seems a damned if we do, damned if we don't scenario, but it isn't. That is if we do the thing that fixes the problem at the source. Eat less meat.

While I very much support a vegetarian or vegan diet, I don't see that as the only solution for a species that has been omnivorous for a very long time -- further back, perhaps, than it has been a species. But for the sake of our health, the health of our planet, the ethical treatment of fellow creatures and the preservation of any hope that our antibiotics will work as intended when needed most urgently-- we should eat less meat, more plants. Go all the way to veganism if inclined, or go only a few steps -- but go.

We have turned a vast quantity of meat on the hoof into an incubator for bugs we can't beat. Eliminating somewhat gratuitous use of antibiotics is a helpful start. But the best way to avoid such horrors as resistant, flesh-eating bacteria is to overcome our cultural resistance to the notion of life with fewer hamburgers, and eat a bit less flesh ourselves.


Dr. David L. Katz
www.davidkatzmd.com
www.turnthetidefoundation.org

 

Follow David Katz, M.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/DrDavidKatz

As reported by the New York Times, the FDA is on the brink of sharply curtailing the prevailing practice of routine antibiotic administration to feed animals. Since you probably don't have a large p...
As reported by the New York Times, the FDA is on the brink of sharply curtailing the prevailing practice of routine antibiotic administration to feed animals. Since you probably don't have a large p...
 
 
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HerrMonk
Son of Apollo
06:42 PM on 09/27/2010
"While I very much support a vegetarian or vegan diet, I don't see that as the only solution for a species that has been omnivorous for a very long time -- further back, perhaps, than it has been a species."

He still can't bring himself to say aloud (or write in a straight forward manner) that which is plainly obvious: we're omnivorous. When we were a different species, we weren't "we". Our species, we are omnivores, and we don't need to make excuses about it.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
09:46 AM on 09/27/2010
Instead, couldn't we just have more farms?
You know, more than around 10 factories that produce all our food?

This is a huge country, lots of open space, we could even range-feed all our beef.
I'll bet they don't have this problem in the EU. They make laws, pay more and eat real food.
10:04 AM on 09/27/2010
We can all eat organically. We just have to decide which half of the population will work the farms for the other half.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
03:00 PM on 09/27/2010
Or we could keep our animals, folks used to do that.
10:03 PM on 09/27/2010
Fanned for being grounded in reality.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Texas Aggie
11:37 AM on 09/27/2010
Actually there isn't enough room for total range feeding. In the areas where there is enough rainfall to grow reasonable amounts of pasture forage, the land is used for housing developments, golf courses, and other nonproductive activities. In the areas where people don't live, it takes a square mile or two to keep one cow and her calf alive. Then we have to deal with forage during the winter when snow makes it difficult to graze, to put it mildly.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
03:00 PM on 09/27/2010
Texas is a desert, there are plenty of more fertile places for cattle. I drink milk from grass-fed cows two miles from me, in western MA. New England alone could probably graze all the cattle the country needs, never need irrigation.

Range feeding stopped because sheep farming and fences took over. That's what the range wars were about. There's plenty of land, just can't get between all of it.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mollymac
nice girls seldom get the corner office
06:06 PM on 09/28/2010
We are killing all of our wild horses because of the cattle industry.
07:58 AM on 09/27/2010
Go Vegan, its great for your health and great for the Animals health as well.

I have been a Vegan for over 30 years and I consider myself very healthy. In all of those years I never took medication for any ailments, not even an aspirin and I feel as strong as an Ox.

No need to concern yourself about Steriods or Antibiotics coming from the Plant Kingdom, besides its the right thing to do when you consider that our lust for animal flesh has led to a cruel factory farming industry that compromises everyone's moral integrity.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mollymac
nice girls seldom get the corner office
06:07 PM on 09/28/2010
A new book called the "China Study" clarifies why a vegan diet will not only heal but extend lives.
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Mortifyd
09:14 PM on 09/28/2010
Some of us like meat.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
thislittlepeggy
funny people...i love funny people!
01:48 AM on 09/27/2010
My mother in law and sister in law are vegans and very close to me. They are always dropping hints as to why I shouldn't be eating meat or animal derived products. (i've grown numb to them)..This article came off very sincere to me, the proposition of making an effort to eat less meat is something I never thought of..I'm going to give it a go...
03:03 PM on 09/28/2010
Careful, eating a little less meat and more vegetables was my slippery slope to becoming a vegetarian... Just kidding, but that's great. A lot of people eating a little less will make a bigger impact than a few people going all the way.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Texas Aggie
12:33 AM on 09/27/2010
I keep reading people saying that animals routinely get antibiotics in their feed to improve weight gains, but the main antibiotic in cattle feed is a group that is not used in human medicine at all, monensin and its conjoiners. And then none of the articles actually list what those antibiotics are and how and how much they are used. Dr. Katz's first comment about "probably not that last dose or so" reflects total ignorance of the USDA's program of checking for drug residues. If there is any detectable residue, the carcass is condemned and the producer is docked.

Since Dr. Katz is not ignorant, I suspect that his comment was deliberately misleading. In any case, it brings into question the accuracy of any statement he may make later on. An example of that is his comment about flesh eating bacteria, which are human to human transmitted, not a food borne problem and have no relevance here other than to scare people.

Huffpost has a long history of dabbling in voodoo, crystal power type science, and this is just one of a long chain. I wish they would skip the sensationalism and apply the same standards to their science that they do to their political work.
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Keth30
I used to be a liberal, then I grew up.
12:42 AM on 09/27/2010
Umm, actually their political work is tainted with that same kind of "voodoo". They always leave out a little bit of truth, especially if it conflicts with their point of view.
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dnaromney
11:17 AM on 09/27/2010
The science section is much, much worse.
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Texas Aggie
11:39 AM on 09/27/2010
Just did a Google search on Katz and his center. I found that there were more directors than researchers and that he spends part of his time doing naturistic counseling and treatments.
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maslin
At 6 bn km, it's mostly small stuff.
12:00 PM on 09/26/2010
Dr. Katz,

Your central argument here is logically flawed. If we take your analysis of the development of drug-resistant organisms as a starting point (though I would argue with your construction), what you have offered here is not an argument against meat-eating, but rather an argument against large and crowded meat farms and also an argument against using antibiotics in meat animals. If we raised meat in small, sparse farms and used few or no antibiotics, we would have solved the problem you delineate. Or if we ate wild fish.

In short, your conclusion does not follow.
10:56 PM on 09/26/2010
Antibiotic use in animals is also much more regulated in the US than in other countries. The antibiotics available for animals are not the same ones that we use in hospitals here.
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12:40 AM on 09/27/2010
That's not true, the Europeans are far stricter with antibiotic use in animals and animal feed, we're way behind them.
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dnaromney
11:20 AM on 09/27/2010
Except that raising meat in "small, sparse farms" using "few or no antibiotics" or eating "wild fish" would virtually guarantee that a majority of Americans would have to become vegan or vegetarian because meats would be unavailable to them, particularly at a price point that they could afford.
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maslin
At 6 bn km, it's mostly small stuff.
11:34 AM on 09/27/2010
Perhaps it would happen that way (though I am not necessarily convinced) but that wasn't a part of Dr. Katz's argument.
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Suntio
Amat victoria curam.
10:00 AM on 09/26/2010
Interesting article, but how does a dr. not know that the correct name for "petrie dish" is actually "Petri dish"? I know, details, details, but still.
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megwolff
Plant-based cook & survivor
08:24 AM on 09/26/2010
Great article, thanks! "Eat less meat."
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forestnfama
I was born at a very early age....
07:19 AM on 09/26/2010
If you believe anything the FDA says you are at the mercy of a pharmaceutical controlled agency.
This whole narrative that bacterias are resistant to anti bacterial drugs is in itself a misleading premise.
Anti Bacterial drugs were created to let bacterias and viruses a chance to mutate and survive. So, they can sell a new improved version of itself. The problem with this narrative is there is already a treatment that will kill 100% of all viruses and bacterias. Its called Sodium Chlorite. It kills on contact by way of robbing the molecule of pathogens of their electrons, virtually exploding the infected cell immediately. There is no chance that these viruses can mutate because they are no longer alive. Industries have been using this for over eighty years with extreme success processing chicken before sending to the market place, cleaning and disinfecting hospitals, water treatment plants, bleaching rice and flour and hundreds of other uses like killing anthrax. The FDA is trying to shut down the distributors of sodium chlorite for personal use to protect the pharmaceutical companies but without any supporting data to substantiate their claims of it being dangerous. In fact in the FDA research archives they have supporting data that say sodium chlorite is safe for human consumption. But since there is no money in the sales of Sodium chlorite because you can not get a patent, no pharmaceutical wants to distribute. Google Jim Humble for the whole story.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
09:18 AM on 09/26/2010
Eat meat steeped in bleach? You could try X-raying yourself to good health too.
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forestnfama
I was born at a very early age....
03:32 PM on 09/26/2010
Only someone ignorant would call sodium chlorite bleach. This is the FDAs and pharms way of scaring people.
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cable1977
Against logic there is no armor like ignorance
10:51 AM on 09/26/2010
"Anti Bacterial drugs were created to let bacterias and viruses a chance to mutate and survive."

Thank you for proving that you have absolutely no idea what you are talking about. Anti-bacterial drugs do nothing against viruses, a completely separate class of organism.

Anti-bacterial drugs were not first created by humans either, but rather, produced by fungus. Penicillin, the first antibiotic discovered, was not generated by humans, but rather discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 as a product produced by the fungus Penicillium.

"There is no chance that these viruses can mutate because they are no longer alive. "

Unless of course they mutated prior to sodium chlorite treatment. Also, treatment of meat with sodium chlorite would only disinfect the surface of the meat, not kill anything living inside it. This would also not doing anything to affect animals who were suffering from systemic infections.

"This whole narrative that bacterias are resistant to anti bacterial drugs is in itself a misleading premise."

Surely you could provide some evidence that antibiotic resistance is not real...
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maslin
At 6 bn km, it's mostly small stuff.
12:29 PM on 09/26/2010
IIRC, there is some evidence that the Iceman was carrying antibiotics in the form of fungus as part of his first-aid kit when he was chased into the Alps and died thousands of years ago. It's far from being conclusive, but there is at least an argument to be made that some groups of humans have been using some fungi for medical reasons for quite a long time.
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forestnfama
I was born at a very early age....
03:27 PM on 09/26/2010
I did misstate the first sentence lumping viruses with anti Bacterial drugs but that does not negate the fact that sodium chlorite kills both viruses and bacteria on contact. There is new evidence that sodium chlorite in treating alzheimer with promising results. Also altruism.

Jim Humble's MMS

Newsletter

Alzheimer Patient Regains Memory
We haven't found many Alzheimer patients as they are often hidden away somewhere and always have relatives that know better.But in this lady's case her son had watched the medical doctors do absolutely nothing for years and he has seen MMS do something, so he was willing to try.

Within two weeks she was back to thinking clearly.(Who knows how clearly, but that is what she says as opposed to saying that she could not think at all.) In addition, much of her memory had returned. In fact, she is not only remembering what she ate but what spices were in the food! She is remembering details!!Of course, she is not totally cured yet, but she is back to living her life.All the indications are that she will be well in a few more weeks. Have you ever heard of a medical drug doing anything similar in such a short time? As I write this sentence (9/22/2010) this lady has finished her 3rd week and a telephone call to her this morning proves she is feeling even better with even better thinking and more memory returned.
11:16 PM on 09/25/2010
Re: "The basis for the looming FDA action is research indicating that antibiotic dosing of feed animals is probably a greater contributor to the global burden of antimicrobial resistant germs than is the use of such drugs in hospitals; quite possibly a far greater contributor."

What the doctor fails to mention is that most antibiotics aren't prescribed to hospital patients. This makes me wonder if he wants us to believe livestock plays a larger role in this very real problem than humans do. Not that I think adding a sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics to livestock feed is a good thing (I don't), but the amount of antibiotics used in feedlots and hospitals is a drop in the bucket compared to what is prescribed in the offices of dentists, doctors and veterinarians.

Also: "The vulnerable bugs are killed; the strong survive."

That's not what "survival of the fittest" means. The "fittest" are those who can adapt to any given environment. Take pigeons and eagles, for example. Are eagles stronger than pigeons? Yes, if we're measuring brute strength, but in urban environments pigeons are the fittest.
12:20 AM on 09/26/2010
>>"survival of the fittest"

Who are you quoting exactly? It's certainly not in the article.

>> The "fittest" are those who can adapt to any given environment.

Incorrect. You also don't understand what "adaptation" means in evolutionary terms. If you are a biology student, I'd be hitting the books a little harder if I was you. Just a little friendly advice.
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12:29 AM on 09/26/2010
"microbes, aka bacteria, encounter those antibiotics in vast herds of medicated cattle and swine. The vulnerable bugs are killed; the strong survive. They survive by means of resistance factors, which are then passed on to their progeny."
12:46 AM on 09/26/2010
All species must adapt to their environment or die. Those that are most successful are the fittest. How hard is that to understand?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Leslie Robinson Goldberg
Writer
11:12 PM on 09/25/2010
Veganism is so easy. And once you get the hang of cooking this way, you really start to love the food. And you start to feel really good physically, if you eat a whole foods, low-fat, plant-based diet. (Vegans, BTW, are, on average, 40 pounds lighter than omnivores.) The absolute hardest part about not eating animals is social pressure to be omnivore. Maybe that will change as more information about things like this start to get out.
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maslin
At 6 bn km, it's mostly small stuff.
12:06 PM on 09/26/2010
I am happy to support your food choices, but I'll never be vegan. The science is not compelling (to put it politely), the ethical claims are shaky, and I like cheese.
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mollymac
nice girls seldom get the corner office
06:15 PM on 09/28/2010
Bill Clinton has gone vegan in order to save his life. He eats no meat, occasional small piece of fish and eats plants, legumes and grains. He's lost over 30 lbs in the process.
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ClarcKing
Citizen
10:53 PM on 09/25/2010
Is there a correlation between meat eating societies and their standard of living, political systems, health, etc,. How do they compare to other societies that are exclusively vegetarian?
11:40 PM on 09/25/2010
Speaking as an armchair anthropologist (I've read everything I can find on the subject), I'm not sure there are any vegetarian societies. Even in India, vegetarians only make up 30% of the population and the percentage of vegans is much smaller. You also have to factor in the environment (climate, topography, and so on). For example, all the major civilizations evolved in environments where supporting a grain-based diet was possible. One couldn't happen without the other. Likewise, societies that rely on a diet of meat and fish with little or no fruits and vegetables must spend most of their time harvesting and preparing their food instead of waging war because they live in a harsh environment.
aristippe
no more war for oil
02:14 AM on 09/26/2010
yes if you live in a poor society you don't get much meat or fish.
12:37 AM on 09/27/2010
What do you consider a poor society? The Bedouin? The Inuit? The Masai? The Yanomami? And even in market-based (i.e., civilized) societies, it isn't always true that the poorest citizens don't eat much meat or fish. For example, the Dalits of India (also known as Untouchables or Pariahs) are more likely to eat meat than those who belong to the upper castes because the latter group tends to believe handling flesh is impure.
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deweaver
Scientist, businessman, semi-retired
08:45 PM on 09/25/2010
You need to learn a lot more about animal husbandry. The low levels of anti-biotics improve the food conversion efficiency of pigs/chickens/cattle and that makes inclusion in the feed profitable. It has little to do with disease. When you have disease issues, the dosages are much higher than these low levels used in normal husbandry.

With fish and shrimp, you don't get any efficiency or growth advantage with low levels, but you do get a feed cost increase. Hence, this practice isn't used in aquaculture.

This doesn't mean that eliminating antibiotics from the diet is not a good idea. It is.
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veggiequeenmo
Proud to not be republican.
08:31 PM on 09/25/2010
Here's some interesting info:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/meat/safe/overview.html
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
veggiequeenmo
Proud to not be republican.
08:17 PM on 09/25/2010
None of this is new. Years and YEARS ago, those interested in animal welfare warned of excessive antibiotic use in farm animals. Hormones, too, are a big problem. Girls are developing earlier and earlier - some having periods as early as 8 years old. They are developing pubic, underarm and facial hair in ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. Kids that have been raised vegetarian or vegan or at the very least, ate very little meat, are the ones developing in their middle school or early high school years. My kids' pediatrican noticed this dangerous trend years ago and said that I was doing the right thing by not feeding my kids all this antibiotic/hormone laced foods. She started educating her patients about the harm all these chemicals do to a growing body.

My dad was a microbiologist and warned that, when all the antibiltic soap starting hitting the market, that bacteria would evolve and become immune to the soap, and we would need stronger and stronger drugs to combat their defenses. He said just use soap and water and that would be enough. We rarely we sick - we washed our hands.

Bottom line - political campaign money. Who cares about health when the lobbyists are in charge.