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David Moshman

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Christians, Gays and Academic Freedom

Posted: 12/22/11 08:01 PM ET

Just in time for the annual allegations of a war on Christmas, gays appear to have won a major legal victory over Christians. Did gays win this year's war on Christmas?

Actually, there is no such war, and there was no such victory. Far from ruling for or against gays or Christians, the opinion of a federal circuit court in Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley, released Dec. 19, carefully protects both religious liberty and academic freedom.

Jennifer Keeton was a graduate student in the Counselor Education Program at Augusta State University (ASU), a public university in Georgia, seeking a master's degree in school counseling. She describes herself as a Christian committed to biblical truth. As a Christian, she believes that sexual behavior is a choice for which one is accountable, that gender is fixed as male or female, and that homosexuality is an immoral lifestyle.

At the end of her first year, as a condition for counseling individuals in the program's clinical practicum, Keeton was told she must participate in a remediation plan to address what faculty perceived as deficiencies in multicultural competence, "particularly with regard to working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (GLBTQ) populations." Instead, she filed a federal lawsuit.

Keeton argued that the remediation requirement violated her First Amendment rights to free speech and free exercise of religion. Because the law moves slowly, Keeton requested a preliminary injunction to prevent ASU from dismissing her from the program for failure to complete the remediation plan. The district court denied the injunction because, it concluded, her lawsuit did not have "a substantial likelihood of success." She was then dismissed from the program.

Keeton appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, which has now upheld the decision of the district court to deny the injunction. On the basis of its own full review of the First Amendment issues, it found no basis for a more favorable assessment of Keeton's likelihood of prevailing.

The court's decision, however, is highly respectful of both free speech and religious liberty, and says nothing about gay rights. Its basis for ruling against the Christian student is academic freedom, specifically the freedom of faculty to fashion a curriculum that adheres to reasonable professional standards.

Students, the court was clear, have a right to believe whatever they believe, regardless of whether they believe it for religious or other reasons. They also have a general right to express their beliefs, including a right to express them in classes when they are relevant to the topic of discussion. It would have violated Keeton's First Amendment right to free speech if the remediation plan was imposed on her because of disagreement with her views or to punish her expression of those views.

But the circuit court, like the district court, found that the remediation plan was imposed because Keeton had specifically and repeatedly "expressed an intent to impose her personal religious views on her clients," which would have violated the ethics code of the American Counseling Association (ACA). It was a legitimate curricular requirement that Keeton be able to "counsel GLBTQ clients in accordance with the ACA Code of Ethics."

This is not to say that any professional norm or curricular requirement would override any First Amendment claim. The court emphasized that the ACA requirement that counselors "refrain from imposing their moral and religious values on their clients" was "not designed to suppress ideas or viewpoints." The curriculum and professional norms "apply to all regardless of the particular viewpoint the counselor may possess."

The court also rejected the argument that ASU had infringed on the free exercise of religion. The program was adhering to legitimate professional norms. It could not -- and did not -- determine that Keeton was unable to adhere to these norms due to her religious views. That was for Keeton to decide. But ASU could set professional standards that all students, regardless of religious or other beliefs, must meet, and that was what it had done.

The ruling leaves Christians and others free to believe what they believe about sexual orientation. It leaves open the possibility that Christian students could prevail in a future case involving requirements that they change their beliefs or refrain from expressing them.

But the ruling makes clear that professional organizations can legitimately enforce ethical norms, that educators can teach such norms, and that students entering professional practice can be expected to abide by them. In the end, the decision is not about either Christians or gays. It's a victory for academic freedom and professional ethics, which are fully consistent with both religious liberty and gay rights.

 
 
 
 
 
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01:30 PM on 12/24/2011
it is tragic that ms keaton as a believer believes that believers are still under the law, rather than having died to the law in christ, and does not know that under the new covenant, the law is to affirm what we already know in christ, not the other way around.

ms keaton stands on understandings of the law passed down for 2000 years that refers to a verse in lev,and has placed this law in front of the torn curtain of the holy of holies and with the understnding that unless you abide by this law you cannot enter in and have a relationship with christ. and because of this refuses to have fellowship with those who are gay.

eventually she will realize that believers are not under the law, but instead the grace of christ's love. it is his love that says what is the law, again not the other way around.

his love is seen the the lives and marriages of those who are gay in the same way it is seen in the same of heterosexuals.
CJ1
Love the Ignorant, hate the Ignorance
08:14 PM on 12/26/2011
Ah, so a Jehovah's Witness can refuse to give you a blood transfusion if you need one, because it is against their beliefs?
Get over yourself. Without these "professional expectations," you would probably have died of some terrible disease because someone refused to give a vaccine to an "infidel's child."
CJ1
Love the Ignorant, hate the Ignorance
08:25 PM on 12/26/2011
Ugh, sorry! My comment was not supposed to be attached to yours! Sorry...twice today, oy.
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BeninOakland
Don't tell me you love me. Let me guess.
02:03 PM on 12/23/2011
It's kinda like the argument that anti-gays keep dishing out against marriage equality. "You have exactly the same rights as everyone else. You can marry someone of the opposite sex, just like everyone else. You're not being discriminated against because everyone is being treated the same."

Ms. Keeton also had the same rights as everyone else-- she had the right to get her certificate by following the the rules set for everyone else. But, no, she wanted special treatment, which is what the anti-gays are always so disingenuously claiming about us when we ask to be treated the same as heterosexuals, while all the time ignoring htat with marriage equality, by defintiion, we would all still have the same rights.

She seeks preferential treatment for her very own religious beliefs, not equal treatment.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
David Moshman
03:39 PM on 12/23/2011
In the words of the court, "the requirement applies equally to all students in the program. It is ASU’s general practice to craft remediation plans that target a student’s particular curricular weakness, as it did here. In seeking to evade the curricular requirement that she not impose her moral values on clients, Keeton is looking for preferential, not equal, treatment."
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
eddy joe
welcome to the machine
11:15 PM on 12/23/2011
.....It leaves open the possibilit­y that Christian students could prevail in a future case involving requiremen­ts that they change their beliefs or refrain from expressing them. Or..Don't speak so feely... you might offend.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
SmileAndActNice
Utilitarianism, the -ism that works.
01:57 PM on 12/23/2011
All I want for Christmas is a way to condense this article into something incredibly catchy that fits on a bumper sticker.

It is precisely on the money.
04:36 PM on 12/25/2011
A simple word would do: Respect.
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Vballboy60
The Dudes abides...with the moderation
01:49 PM on 12/23/2011
The Religious Right, through organizations like the Christian Legal Society, has been promoting a false interpretation that a Christian's freedom of religion is being impinged by governmental action when in actually they are over-reaching their interpretation.

The Constitition's freedom of religion clause is legally viewed in two components. Belief and conduct.

All Americans have an absolute freedom of belief. They may believe whatever they wish.

Conduct or freedom to practice a religion is bounded in that it cannot violate the civil rights of other Americans. An exaggerated and oversimplified example would be if a religious practice required human sacrifice, you may maintain that belief but when you act or practice human sacrifice it violates another Americans civil right of life and liberty.

Miss Keeton's freedom of belief was never impinged. Her religious practice where she refuses to council homosexuals because she believes homosexuality is immoral is the conflict. It is this religious practice that reduces the rights of LGBT clients and therein is the harm.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
eddy joe
welcome to the machine
11:17 PM on 12/23/2011
Gos's law always come first, to a christian.
ramp613
My micro-bio is no longer empty.
08:53 AM on 12/24/2011
Fortunately, in this country, the Constitution actually DOES come first.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gmikejake
resist evil
07:32 PM on 12/26/2011
One of the problems, eddy joe, with your statement is that god's laws seem to vary with the form of christianity practiced. And, if that is the case, and a person understood that their understanding of their god's laws did not agree with the laws of a profession they were considering, perhaps the best option is to select a different profession. The court ruled, and has ruled multiple times, that professional standards such as the one in question, have legal standing.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bklynsparrow
creating reality from unreal things
03:08 AM on 12/23/2011
Very interesting decision. i only wish the same idea would be applied to the medical field and pharmacies since pharmacists are now allowed in some states to refuse to fill birth control prescriptions due to religious objections, as are medical personnel who object to abortions. If you can't follow the code of professional ethics for your field, then don't go into that field. It's really a shame that Keeton wasted the University's and her own time and was unable to understand the most basic ethics of her field.
CognitoErgoSum
CogitoErgoSum was taken when I signed up.
12:07 AM on 12/24/2011
Faved. If you hadn't brought that up, I would've.
02:41 PM on 12/24/2011
This woman could have gone to Oral Roberts or any other non-reality based school to receive her indoctrnation.

What she believes is not true and causes human damage.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bob Kellerman
Let's have more sanity toward each other
08:19 PM on 12/22/2011
In other words

"If you need to expose medieval-era "Christian" beliefs to counseling clients, do so at a religion-run college that does not have to follow the laws that bind taxpayer-funded institutions"

BUT ACTUALLY -- she wanted to ambush people who would come to her with their pain into listening to her sermons. This is unethical for a counselor, and would cost her any license she ever managed to acquire.

RUDENESS AND PUSHINESS ARE NOT EXCUSED BY ONE'S DELUSION THAT GOD
TOLD YOU TO DO IT, ESPECIALLY IN PROFESSIONAL SITUATIONS
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bill J4321
01:10 PM on 12/23/2011
Notice, she was not asserting that she should be able to treat WOMEN under her care in a biblical fashion.

Notice, she was not asserting that she should be able to treat BLACKS under her care in a biblical fashion.

Notice, she was not asserting that she should be able to treat ANYONE under her care in a biblical fashion.

Except the gays.

And there's the rub with these 'christians.' Never for one moment do they consider the transparency of their bigotry, since the ONLY people they advocate to be treated badly due to their bible is LGBT people.

Pathetic jokes, all.
CognitoErgoSum
CogitoErgoSum was taken when I signed up.
12:09 AM on 12/24/2011
Thanks for putting 'Christians' in qutes when referring to people like Keeton. Jesus said to love each other and leave the judging to God.