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David Ropeik

David Ropeik

Posted: December 8, 2010 10:38 AM

Rush Limbaugh recently compared the murder of Native Americans by European settlers with the deaths of European settlers who learned about tobacco smoking from the natives. Which is pretty stupid. Not ideological or right wing or politically incorrect. Just third-grade dumb. It's like comparing the victims of mass murder -- people purposefully selected for death -- with the murderous soldiers who subsequently died from drinking too much of the booze they found in the victims homes.

But impugning Rush Limbaugh's intelligence is not the point. The point is that dumb works when people are worried. Reason matters less, and the instincts of self-protection have more influence, when we're afraid. What is most telling in Limbaugh's remarks is what he went on to say: "How many Americans have died thanks to an Indian invention versus how many Indians have died because we got here. Now, you run the numbers on this. Where are our reparations?" He emphasized the "our."

"Our", Rush? "Our" as in people of European descent? "Our" as in white people? "Our", as in "not them"? That's it, isn't it? Us, and Them. That's Rush's world, a world of division, of people defined not by the totality and complexity of who we are but simplistically by the labels of politics, or ethnicity, or race or religion or sexual preference. It's a world of stereotyped tribes that are either people like us, or "them", people in other tribes who are not just others, but others to be attacked or denigrated or opposed, because they are a threat, just by being other. It's an Us-against-Them worldview, which is how we tend to see things when we are worried and afraid.

There are mountains of evidence from a wide variety of fields about how important our social identities are to us, how much we shape our views and behaviors to conform to the group so our group becomes more dominant and so the group accepts us, and protects us, as members in good standing. Small wonder. We are social animals, and as our tribe's chances go, so go ours. This association-with-tribe is especially intense when we feel threatened, no mater how ignorant the remarks of its leaders. A study of subjects who watched either a horror film or a romantic film found that the people who watched the scary movie were subsequently much more persuaded by advertising that used a conformity pitch ("over a million sold") than a uniqueness appeal ("stand out from the crowd"). Frightened people turned to the safety of the pack. (Those who watched the romantic film and were in the mood to mate were more persuaded by the stand-out-from-the crowd pitch.)

It doesn't matter if the threat is unemployment and general economic uncertainty, or terrorism, or environmental degradation, or just that feeling that the world is a threatening place that we get from the 24/7 "If It Scares It Airs" scream-a-thon of the news media. There are plenty of real reasons to be worried these days, and to make ourselves feel safer when we're worried we always circle the wagons to defend ourselves and our tribe (the way Rush's white ancestors did to protect themselves from attacking Native Americans) against them, the others -- i.e. immigrants, Muslims/atheists/fundamentalist Christians, liberals/conservatives, gays/homophobic straights -- who would take our jobs and deny our rights and impose their way of living on U.S.

So as a result of the inherent nature of risk perception, our desire for the safety of the tribe when we are threatened is cleaving us into camps, polarized and mistrustful and defensive tribes, ready to follow divisive "We're Under Attack" voices like Limbaugh's (among many others), no matter how stupid what they say may be, as long as it is consistent with the protective tribal view. The more worried we are the more our reason is subsumed by the instinctive response to danger. The perception of risk is not about conscious reason and facts. It's about subconscious gut reaction and feelings. (Which is making Rush Limbaugh, and a lot of other polarizing "Be Afraid of them" yap-meisters on all sides, very wealthy.)

The problem is, an Us-against-Them world doesn't allow for middle ground, for the flexibility and compromise and give as well as take that we need in order to help solve the big problems we face. This sort of risk perception is actually a pretty dumb way to actually try and protect ourselves. (Even dumber than Limbaugh's comparison of genocide and tobacco.) We need to recognize the danger. The danger from the instinctive tribal way we're behaving. And recognize that we all belong to a larger tribe, and the big threats threatens us all -- and perhaps that tribal identification can bring us a little closer together and allow solutions that will make us a little safer. Us-against-Them may feel safe in the short term, but in the long run it's a far more dangerous path.

 
 
 

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Rush Limbaugh recently compared the murder of Native Americans by European settlers with the deaths of European settlers who learned about tobacco smoking from the natives. Which is pretty stupid. Not...
Rush Limbaugh recently compared the murder of Native Americans by European settlers with the deaths of European settlers who learned about tobacco smoking from the natives. Which is pretty stupid. Not...
 
 
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05:00 PM on 12/17/2010
Incredibly, the respected Golf Channel on TV is honoring Rush Limbaugh in a special program in January called the "Haney Project".

It is a special golf instruction program for celebrities. Charles Barkley was featured in a positive, funny and entertaining series on the Haney Project.

But to feature such a negative, abusive and certified racist as Limbaugh is beyond understanding. The Golf Channel is risking their brand and good name on this very bad idea.

Contact the Golf Channel and give them your opinion. Do you want Limbaugh honored? Hundreds of emails have poured into the Golf Channel demanding the Limbaugh program be scrapped.

Add you voice. Give Limbaugh a well-deserved big black eye on this.

Let America know while Limbaugh has millions of Ditto Heads, he is also hated by millions of other Americans who understand the damage he has done to civil political discourse.
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greysells2
grey cells matter
02:26 PM on 12/16/2010
A lot of this thinking goes back to Rovian wedge politics. You might win this election cycle Karl but you have poluted the drinking water for the longer term.
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Sabrina DAmico
12:57 AM on 12/09/2010
I don't want to ruin this by intellectualizing it. I got a pain in my sides. You can't even write a parody of Rush better than this.
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johuyik
Pro-2cnd and anti-NRA.
08:43 PM on 12/08/2010
But if wasn't for Rush how would I know what to put on my Fear-Day Planner?? Like today for example, my Fear-first list is Obama, Muslims, liberals, Hispanics, and Black-Americans. Now how awful would it be if I had it backwards today? Or what if I slipped and put in Canadians?? ..or France?? Gosh I'd feel like such a fool!
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
01:53 PM on 12/08/2010
"Fear IS ignorance" and his audience thrives on both.
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lgillooly
01:32 PM on 12/08/2010
Rush is a corporate prostitute...period. He uses the Us and Them to divide Americnas, but at the end of every issue he protects the status quo of big industries
Big oil/coal
Wall St
War profiteers
Pharma/Health insurance
telecoms
Since the GOP is the corporate party he supports them, but if they dare disagree with him they have to crawl back and apologize. So in essence, the leader of the GOP is a corporate prostitute. And we wonder why we are in the mess we are in?
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GrogInOhio
In 2010 AND 2011 I paid more taxes than General El
12:40 PM on 12/08/2010
"We need to recognize the danger. The danger from the instinctive tribal way we're behaving."

This assumes that "we" want to correct this malady. At least some of "us" thrive on the fear mongering, both politically and financially. As long as that is the case, this is only an interesting thought experiment.
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fairwitness
Avid Ignoramian
11:50 AM on 12/08/2010
Yes, the psychology of fear and the human inclination to tribalism for self-protection is the problem. That much is clear. It's produced all our wars and most of our day-to-day conflicts between the Good US (whomever we identify with at a given moment) and the Evil Them (whomever we are afraid of at the moment).

That's the fact of human social life.

So the question for anyone who sees that becomes: How can that change? How, in other words, can the fact of human psychology be changed to reduce the stupidity of blind fear and it's consequences?

How, then, does an individual come to see and awaken to the stupidity? Is that awakening, rare as it seems to be, also a fact of human psychology? And can it be fostered? How?

I think the answers are Yes to the first two questions, but I'm not sure of the "how".

Please suggest a method by which the tribalism resulting from the psychology of fear can be changed. How, then, can one awaken to a larger, more rational and, yes, enlightening perception and so dissipate the fear and it's consequences?
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essbird
IOKIYANO
02:29 PM on 12/08/2010
You are right on.

Gradually, it changes for the better if we adopt stories and myths that make us more comfortable, like the romantic movie example. Stories that teach us the value of trusting, that teach the value of the other. I am aware of the stories I have been told in my life, and the effect they have had on my wanting and believing in the possibility of, for lack of a better term, the Age of Aquarius. However, it only takes a crisis, exploited by fear-mongers, to set us backwards. It's a survival thing; our genes are programmed for preservation.

What's needed are better vaccines from the fear-mongering. Not only stories, but teaching how to recognize when you're being manipulated. I suspect that most of the industrialized world is much better inoculated than Americans are.
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greysells2
grey cells matter
02:41 PM on 12/16/2010
Example: I pay quite a bit of taxes. If I indulged myself with maudlin "self talk" about all the government waste, the lazy people who are less worthy than me [and my tribe], etc. I would become a TeaBagger and pursue self interest at the expense of others. However, if my "self talk" is that I live in a good country which has allowed me to prosper, people generally try their best, life is not always fair, paying taxes is part of the deal, and, even after paying all those nasty taxes, I still live pretty well, then I am more likely to mute the mindless pursuit of self interest somewhat. I might sleep better, give more to others, etc. The answer to the question of the antidote to excessive tribalism might be altering our cognitions to be more postive of others both generally and specifically. Thoughts are the easiest thing to change. Behaviors and emotions are the toughest. So change some of your thoughts and the rest will follow.
02:45 PM on 12/08/2010
Dear Fairwitness, Thoughtful comments! Re: the "how"...First, we have to be honest about the REAL risks that our risk perception system can produce. Divisiveness born of fear is one, since it prohibits solutions to real risks we all share. Also, we make unhealthy decisions as individuals if we're too afraid of lesser risks or not afraid enough of bigger ones. We can make inefficient decisions as a society if we all fear similar things for similar emotional reasons and demand government protection from those risks instead of ones where the protection could do us way more good. And worried too much, we suffer the ill effects of chronic stress. So step 1 = recognize the risk of the affective nature of our risk perception system.
Then we can use what we know about how that system works to find concrete ways to counteract some of its pitfalls. I've detailed lots of examples of the risk of the instinctive nature of our risk perception system in my book, How Risky Is It Really, but I don't want to sound like a shill so I've posted a FREE excerpt with lots of detailed suggestions for how to achieve wiser healthier decisions. The link for it is at the bottom of a post on this, that includes a few "How" suggestions, which I wrote for Psychology Today, "Are We Doomed Because We Get Risk Wrong? http://bit.ly/eRCfVK
I hope you find this of value.
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fairwitness
Avid Ignoramian
11:48 AM on 12/10/2010
Thanks for the reply, David. I appreciate the link and I'll read your material with interest.

Unfortunately, in keeping with the recently confirmed psychological truth that when one is incompetent and, well, stupid, one aspect of the stupidity is blindness to it's reality--an unfortunate feedback loop of blindness and stupidity--rational assessments of risk and strategies for dealing with fear and it's concurrent stupidity, is that very few of us will be able to either conceive of, much less integrate, the perspective you offer or able to actually change our habits of thought and feeling that are effectively disfunctional and pernicious.

Alas, the How seems very, very murky and hope is slim.
11:47 AM on 12/08/2010
European Americans have a choice as to whether they smoke or not. The Native Americans that were wiped out by the Europeans had no choice. They were murdered deliberately to get rid of them to make more room for the settlers.
01:29 PM on 12/08/2010
Not to mention that Native Americans didn't sit around smoking for pleasure. Tobacco was used sparingly in rituals. Also not to mention that Europeans introduced Native Americans to alcohol. But of course the whole Rush rant is demented hate speech to begin with. Stephen Colebert did a brilliant response to Limbaugh; http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/367132/december-02-2010/the-word---the-great-white-wail?xrs=share_copy
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
01:54 PM on 12/08/2010
good point. smallpox isn't a choice.
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Trepasky
Sanity is neither free nor easy
11:41 AM on 12/08/2010
Us and Them is a favorite theme used to influence those who can not think. Rush and those like him use their bully pulpit to sway opinions and influence their followers. Details and reality are seldom considered as that would take too long. Sound bites that sound 'right' is one of the preferred tools used to bolster their opinion.
The 'right' is always 'right' or is that the 'left' is 'right'. It is so confusing. The rest of us wonder what went wrong. Facts are for the elitist group of thinkers. Folks like Rush have little regard for facts. It is opinion that masters the public without needing to be explained. How many people still believe that the sun revolves around the earth? We can trust Rush, he is a performer and an instrument of the rich. He never exaggerates and always tells us the truth, while disregarding the facts and he is worth millions. He knows how it feels to be a working class hero.
Everyone has a voice and opinion, unfortunately, only those who speak 'rich' get heard.
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Louis Leo IV
Louis is a trial lawyer, blogger & activist
11:40 AM on 12/08/2010
“Misunderstanding arising from ignorance breeds fear, and fear remains the greatest enemy of peace.” - Lester B. Pearson
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essbird
IOKIYANO
02:33 PM on 12/08/2010
Creating and exploiting the misunderstanding that arises from ignorance is the most effective tool of the authoritarian leader seeking to secure control, and the is greatest enemy of freedom.
- essbird
09:58 PM on 12/08/2010
Well said. Do people flock to demagogues like Beck and dividers like Limbaugh because they're afraid, or are they afraid because of what the manipulators are telling them?
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Dog Whistle Translator
proletariat standing ready for the signal
11:09 AM on 12/08/2010
You can't be exclusive until you exclude somebody. See, that's how they work.
11:00 AM on 12/08/2010
Fear? I think Rush is stupid just because. There is no real reason.