iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
David Wallinga, M.D.

GET UPDATES FROM David Wallinga, M.D.

Feeding Animals Antibiotics: Not Helping U.S. Meat Export

Posted: 01/21/11 06:06 PM ET

At a 2010 Congressional briefing sponsored by Rep. Louise Slaughter, I warned the continued and routine overuse of antibiotics in U.S. meat production could be shooting the global competitiveness of that industry in the foot.

Data finally released last month by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do little to allay those fears, while confirming the findings of a decade-old report from the Union of Concerned Scientists: More than 70 percent (74 percent, in fact) of all U.S. antibiotics are being used in food-producing animals. Most of our "medically important" antibiotics, like penicillins, tetracyclines and erythromycins, are used in animals, not people. And, nearly all of these are routine uses in feed for animals that are not clinically sick. Rather than to treat disease, these antibiotics are used for growth promotion or to avert sickness in animals that are stressed from the confined conditions in which they are raised.

There is no scientific basis for doubting the public health import of allowing antibiotics to be used in this way. The Center for Disease Control Director, the leadership of the Food and Drug Administration, the leadership of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the medical literature all conclude that agricultural overuse of antibiotics in feed is worsening the scourge of antibiotic resistance affecting the human and animal population.

The trade issue we raised in our presentation last March was that other countries, particularly in Europe, are also increasingly pointing to these feed antibiotics as worrisome and grounds for restricting imports of U.S. meat products.

In fact, a December 6, 2010 Congressional Research Service report itself confirms what we were saying six months earlier: "Although antibiotic use in animals has not been a significant factor affecting U.S. trade in meat products to date, evidence suggests that country restrictions on the use of these drugs could become an issue in the future and could affect U.S. export markets for livestock and poultry products."

What seems clear is that U.S. meat production is at a crossroads. Either we can try and cling to the way things have always been done, despite evidence that it is harming our citizens as well as putting our agriculture economy at risk. Or, we can all work together to make future meat production healthier, using fewer antibiotics, and become more competitive in a marketplace where people and countries care more and more about how their food is produced.

 

Follow David Wallinga, M.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/Food_Dr

 
 
  • Comments
  • 31
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Recency  | 
Popularity
04:10 AM on 01/26/2011
We also need to house the animals in proper quarters, feed them diets that they'd naturally eat in the wild (look at the effects of corn on cows as an example of why), and treat them like living creatures that do not deserve lives filled with torture and pain.

Current factory farming practices are also contaminating the water supply and our crops. Everyone loses.

Let's not forget that the mass amounts of so-called kosher meats aren't even produced via kosher practices.

It's time to respect the innocent creatures who feed you. It's the least they deserve for being the food on your table.
02:59 AM on 01/26/2011
Japan has banned US beef because of mad cow disease. They simply don't believe our government's reassurances that "something has been done about the problem". Why should they? The US government is as corrupt as it can be. US authoritarians are the dumbest peope in the world.
11:59 PM on 01/26/2011
mad cow disease is all over Europe, USA, and Canada. if they are going to ban USA meat products, it means they are not going to eat any more and they have to go back to their fishing which is another source of mercury that causes many diseases. there is no way to hide from disease.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
cwebster
predominantly exasperated
08:13 PM on 01/25/2011
Hope someone in authority is paying attention...
06:09 PM on 01/25/2011
As antibiotic use increased in both animals and humans, bacteria emerged that are resistant to the same drugs given to both. There is also evidence that resistance may develop in chemically similar bacteria.
Scientists agree that the widespread use and overuse of antibiotics to treat disease in humans is the primary cause for the increase in resistant bacteria. A growing body of science suggests a link between the low-level use of antibiotics in farm animals and the increase in bacteria resistant to the same or similar antibiotics administered to humans.
Why do we use antibiotics to fed livestock?
Treat sick animals, Prevent disease among animals susceptible to infections. Promote the growth of cattle, poultry and swine when they are fed low doses for long periods. This use affects a larger number of animals, because it usually involves treating a whole herd or flock, which increases the likelihood of genetic selecting for organisms that are resistant to the antibiotic.
It is also important to understand that resistance has nothing to do with potency. The resistant bacteria are not stronger; they simply cannot be treated with antibiotics that are currently available.
It is widely accepted that the primary cause is overuse and misuse of antibiotics. In some cases, doctors prescribe or patients demand the drugs too frequently or inappropriately, such as for illnesses that are not caused by bacteria and do not respond to antibiotics. There is also evidence that antibiotic use in food producing animals contribute to human drug resistance.
02:27 PM on 01/26/2011
TEKLU BAHTA
I absolutely agree with you. Based on the fact, many experts explained about antibiotic use in food animals over concerns of increasing antibiotic resistance in human medicine.
I think the following quotes are taken from the experts, may support how “as antibiotic use increased in both animals and humans, bacteria emerged that are resistant to the same drugs given to both.”
• “We have so many problems in hospitals that it is hard to imagine that veterinary uses are significantly contributing to microbial resistance in humans”
• “If all animal uses of antibiotics were terminated today, there is no evidence that human health would measurably benefit, while animal health would certainly suffer, and possibly human health as a consequence.”
• “We suggest that the role of food-producing animals in the origin and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne pathogens has been overestimated and overemphasized in the scientific literature; consequently, nonfoodborne transmission, including pet-associated human cases, has been underemphasized.”
• “While the initial value of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in animals was discovered as an improvement in growth and efficiency, and therefore were termed growth promoters, antibiotics are health promoters that lead to improved growth and efficiency of animal protein production.”

Therefore, after I read this general idea about antibiotic, it makes sense that expert’s definition and your explanation how food producing animals contribute to human drug resistance.
11:53 PM on 01/26/2011
some times i get confused with the explanation of the scientists because how come antibiotics creat resistant bacteria? DDT was first used as insect killed during WW II and it was called as atomic bomb of pesticides. Mosquito was one of the target insects.soon mosquitoes show resistance to the pesticide. practically they did rersist it, due to mutuation some genetically modified mosquitoes were created. at the bigging their number were small and their effect coould not be seen. but natural selection came and the fittest start to survive and contiue to cause malaria all over the world. there another similar example taken from biology text book. it is about HIV virus. researchers developed 3TC to interfer with reverse transcriptase. 3TC is very similar in shape to the cytosine-bearing(C-bearing)nucleotide of DNA, thus during reverse transcriptase the HIV picks the 3TC instead of the c-bearing. this error terminates further elongation and blocks reproduction of HIV. but some of the virus discriminate 3TC from the normal c-bearing nucteotide leaving the patient to severe exposure.

biology eigth edition
07:48 PM on 01/26/2011
TEKLU BAHTA
I absolutely agree with you. Based on the fact, many experts explained about antibiotic use in food animals over concerns of increasing antibiotic resistance in human medicine.
I think the following quotes are taken from the experts, may support how “as antibiotic use increased in both animals and humans, bacteria emerged that are resistant to the same drugs given to both.”

• “We have so many problems in hospitals that it is hard to imagine that veterinary uses are significantly contributing to microbial resistance in humans”

• “If all animal uses of antibiotics were terminated today, there is no evidence that human health would measurably benefit, while animal health would certainly suffer, and possibly human health as a consequence.”

• “We suggest that the role of food-producing animals in the origin and transmission of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne pathogens has been overestimated and overemphasized in the scientific literature; consequently, nonfoodborne transmission, including pet-associated human cases, has been underemphasized.”

• “While the initial value of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in animals was discovered as an improvement in growth and efficiency, and therefore were termed growth promoters, antibiotics are health promoters that lead to improved growth and efficiency of animal protein production.”

Therefore, after I read this general idea about antibiotic, it makes sense the expert’s definition and your explanation how food producing animals contribute to human drug resistance.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
photo
GoldwaterKid
Vote Person, Not Party
04:15 PM on 01/24/2011
Great article, and the posts here are very informative for all of us. My grandparents were ranchers, and they used to talk about food sources being about the "happy cow" and "sad cow". Happy cows live free, walking, and are rich in nutrients for healing our bodies. We grew up always with a 1/4 side of beef, so we knew where it came from? That would be one of the beginning steps for everyone in their communities.

Same with all food sources. Our health has dropped since we started importing all foods, and our bodies are fighting new bacteria sources.

Feeding the world was the push for the last thirty years, but going back to basics, now has to be how we see things. Stop using corn for fuel.....things need to be re evaluated and done before antibiotics were even produced.
02:30 PM on 01/24/2011
If you've got a bacterial infection, taking a course of antibiotics should help restore you to health. But these powerful drugs can cause some unpleasant side effects, such as yeast overgrowth and gastrointestinal trouble.

The first step in protecting yourself from these adverse effects is to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Since antibiotics can only treat bacterial infections (like strep throat, urinary tract infections, and severe sinus infections), they won't be effective against viral infections that cause the common cold, flu, or bronchitis. In addition to the risk of unnecessary side effects, inappropriate use of antibiotics can promote the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and leave you vulnerable to incurable infections later on.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
w84it
10:31 AM on 01/24/2011
I've cut beef, pork and poultry out of my diet. I eat fish maybe once a month.

I have nothing against people eating meat. But I do have a problem with mass "production" and the unethical treatment of beef cattle, pigs, chickens and turkeys.
photo
wtaylorhi
Web Entrepreneur
06:28 PM on 01/23/2011
Our food system definitely needs improving, all these toxins in our food is what is causing cancer I believe. http://New Beyoncedetox.org
07:25 PM on 01/23/2011
wtaylorhi:
You are right! We are eating unhealthy modified for the seek of money. The question is our plant earth is getting closer to its maximum carrying capacity, how can we address this issue without interfering to the natural state of the planet. As the same time, we are getting tones of disease that threatens our health. I wonder if there could be any solution to this problem.
02:28 AM on 01/26/2011
TEKLU BAHTA
I liked your point that you wrote about eating unhealthy food, but as this time, it is hard to believe that we buy and eat the meat in each of stores serve the people because mad cow disease is transmitted by eating infected cows. Cows raised in imprisonment are often fed meat. Cows living in the wild will only eat grass or other plants. They would not normally come into contact with any meat products. That is why captive cows are more likely to get the disease. And also if you looked at every time the beef meat cost increases six cents per pound. Therefore, to me, this increase of six cents per pound of beef is valuable since the USDA to mandate regular testing of every cow for mad cow disease. This also helps to keep people's healthy, but I personally recommended that not to eat beef meat at all!!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
No death panels
There's no man with a trumpet. Only me.
10:46 PM on 01/23/2011
wtaylorhi-here's your link: http://newbeyoncedetox.org/

Which takes you to:http://mastercleansesecrets.com/book.php?hop=seclady

People actually pay $27 for that?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
purenergy
04:57 PM on 01/23/2011
I have a friend who started taking old antibiotics she had leftover from a previous illness because she had a bout of diarrhea that lasted a few days, even though, she knows that she has irritable bowl syndrome...can anyone state how many things are wrong with that scenario?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Ozark Homesteader
http://ozarkhomesteader.wordpress.com
10:14 PM on 01/25/2011
Was that a rhetorical question?
1. You should never have leftover antibiotics.
2. She didn't know the cause of her loose stools.
3. Antibiotics can make IBS worse.
4. She'd medicating herself.
Should I go on?
photo
Max is Back
Caiu na roda, ou acorda ou vai rodar!
03:30 PM on 01/23/2011
This is one more side effect of the T-bagger republicans passing legislations to pander to the american drug cartels so that they can make more money. It would never occur to a republican that thjere might be side effects let alone that these side effects might be negative...
 
Countries that do not want to import antibiotic resistant diseases will resist US imports of meat at an inreasing rate...
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
05:04 PM on 01/23/2011
Heck it is going to impact our Healthcare Tourists who come here.....They are going to find out more and more about the infection rate here and the fact that these are resistant infections.....Not a good thing at all...When you have to choose between Boston and Paris.....
07:30 PM on 01/23/2011
Max is back
this is very true because no one wants to buy meat products that cause pademic disease to his/her country. morally and ethically, it is unfavorable action. as a country, we need to work together and introduce healthy food to our society after that we can gain the trust that we lost. my question is why do we want to do that?
photo
Max is Back
Caiu na roda, ou acorda ou vai rodar!
09:12 PM on 01/23/2011
It is a phenomenon that is also spreading as antibiotic hand soaps become sought after market commodities. I find that it is better to fight the enemy you know than the enemy you do not know. For whatever reason, the number of mutations increases when we, to use a metaphor, carpet bomb as opposed to striking at individual cases. In Scandanavia, they have drastically reduced the amount of antibiotic prescriptions for this reason and because prolonged exposure makes people's defenses weaker over time. As the indiscriminate overuse of antibiotics becomes commonplace and they are not used as sparingly, the trend will be for more and more bacteria to adapt and become resistant. I think it is a matter of scale. Some bacteria will mutate anyway, but the effect is multiplied by the mass use of even household products with antibacterial properties...
03:00 AM on 01/26/2011
You are right TEKLU like Democratic and Republican get together and work together to be healthy and to protect our society from disease, but each powerful and individual person should have an open mined to think our populations problem not personal benefit!
07:52 PM on 01/22/2011
I have been here in US for four and half years. since i came i am working in health care. most of the patients i worked with were MRSA, VER...... which are the most resistant bacteria. this is my first time to learn about resistant bacteria. from my microbiology class and other biology classes, i learned that all these resistant bacterial strains were came due to drug over use, which makes sense that other countries to restrict their trade with US. they bought meat products but practically they introduced resistant strains to their country and this is going to affect their health. drug over use causes negative effect but do the drug it self creat these deadly sstrains. from my previous experience, yes the drug kills the intended bacteria but leaves the newly develeped strains of bacteria. this does not tell us that the antibiotics created these resistant microbes. they were created by mutuation in their genetic level. their number could be very small and they are less competitve enought to be notices but when we apply the antibiotics, the sensitve bacteria will die leaving all the food and space to the new strains of bacteria. so how can we explain that these resistant strains of bactria were already there or not created due to over use of antibiotics?
06:05 PM on 01/22/2011
This is such an important topic! Exactly a year ago, my nephew (age three at the time) was hospitalized with a MRSA ST398 infection. It quickly became extremely serious and he spent three weeks in the hospital and two of those were spent in intensive care. Having been through it, I don't think anyone can be prepared for just how terrifying it is when antibiotics no longer do their job. It was a long and at times painful recovery for my nephew who became so ill, so quickly that I still feel a profound sense of horror looking back on it - I truly feel we dodged a bullet.

The event served as a wake up call to me. As a vegan (which my nephew and his family are not) I later became outraged to discover that MRSA ST398 originated in pigs due to antibiotic overuse in the livestock industry. How is this allowed to happen? Where are the public health authorities? We were visited by one infectious diseases specialist while in the hospital who offered no insights and didn't ever follow up with us.

Here is an article about MRSA and antibiotic overuse in animals from the NY Times. People are dying and will continue to die because of this, but no one seems to care. 18,000 Americans die of MRSA every year - more than die of AIDS, but still, no one cares.

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/12/opinion/12kristof.html
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ckdogs
Veritas
08:47 PM on 01/21/2011
I hope they are successful. Humans are developing resistant strains of bacteria, that may be caused by exposure to rampant antibiotic use in animals. A healthier environment for the animals would obviate the use of these drugs. It would slightly increase the price of meat, which would cause us to eat less of it - a win/win.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
No death panels
There's no man with a trumpet. Only me.
12:01 AM on 01/22/2011
I vote for taking over Canada.