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Dean Baker

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Debts Should be Honored, Except When the Money Is Owed to Working People

Posted: 01/31/2011 3:38 pm

This seems to be the lesson that our nation's leaders are trying to pound home to us. According to the New York Times, members of Congress are secretly running around in closets and back alleys working up a law allowing states to declare bankruptcy.

According to the article, a main goal of state bankruptcy is to allow states to default on their pension obligations. This means that states will be able to tell workers, including those already retired, that they are out of luck. Teachers, highway patrol officers and other government employees, some of whom worked decades for the government, will be told that their contracts no longer mean anything. They will not get the pensions that they were expecting.

Depending on the specific circumstances, they may find their pensions cut back 20 percent, 30 percent, perhaps even 50 percent. There would be no guarantees if a state goes into bankruptcy.

There has been a concerted effort to bash public sector employees by either highlighting the few instances where pensions actually are exorbitant or just making things up. Untruths about Goldman Sachs, General Electric or any other major company rarely appear in the media, and are usually quickly corrected when they do. However, exaggerations or outright fabrication are a standard practice for those who report on state and local budgets when it comes to public employees.

The public has been bombarded with stories of public employees retiring with six-figure pensions while still in their early 50s. There may be some instances of such inflated pensions, but that is far from the typical story. If we look to New York State, the hotbed of bloated public budgets, we find that the state's main retirement system pays an average pension of $18,300 a year. For many workers this is their whole retirement income since they were not covered by Social Security.

This is the general story of public pensions. Public sector workers are often better situated than their private sector counterparts, in that they even have pensions. But study after study shows that these workers paid for their pensions with lower wages than their private sector counterparts. It is tragic that so many private sector workers cannot count on a secure retirement, but it won't help them to make workers in the public sector equally insecure.

And, there is the matter of paying debts. State governments are legally obligated to pay retirees the pensions they worked for just like any other debt. It is fascinating to see the interest by many pro-business conservative types in defaulting on this debt.

Many of these same people have been determined to argue that homeowners who are underwater in their mortgages should pay their debts. They certainly have not been offering them any assistance in staying in their homes.

In fact, back in 2005, some of the same crew were busy rewriting the bankruptcy law. They wanted to make it harder for individuals to get out of their debt through bankruptcy. They felt it was so important the people paid their debts to credit card companies and other lenders that they actually applied the law retroactively. People who took out debt under one set of bankruptcy rules suddenly found that Congress had changed the rules after the fact and they would now be subjected to a much harsher set of bankruptcy rules.

Let's see if we can find a pattern here. When families take out a mortgage in the middle of a housing bubble, which may have been misrepresented at the time of sale, the homeowner has an obligation to repay the money to the bank. When people take on credit card debt, they absolutely have an obligation to repay the bank -- even if it means changing the rules after the fact.

However, when the government signs a contract with workers, it doesn't have to pay the workers' pensions if it proves to be inconvenient. Of course, we may also throw in the fact that when the flood of bad mortgage loans issued by the banks threatened to push them into bankruptcy, the Treasury and the Fed give them trillions of dollars of loans at below market interest rates.

There certainly seems to be a pattern here. The story has nothing to do with preferences for the market or government intervention. The picture here is very simple: The rules get changed whenever it is necessary to make sure that money flows upward from ordinary workers to the rich. In 21st century America, upward redistribution seems to be the guiding principle.

 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MeinNH
Ooooo Silly Me
10:33 AM on 02/02/2011
I worked for AT&T. My expected pension has dropped 75% in the past 10 years...when I asked about it, they basically made me feel like they were doing me a favor giving me anything.

Many of these people were offered a pension for lower wages and now that the piper is due, no one wants to pay. The stories of people getting outrageous pensions is overblown. This is one more sickening thing about America.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
TheDuke75
Of the People, For the People and By the People
09:25 AM on 02/02/2011
One of the things alot of people miss is the fact that most of the problems with pensions and benefits were not because of upping the benefits, but because of mismanagement of the funds being put in, borrowing to balance budgets etc. Bad investments caused NJ's pension funds to be where they are at now. Both parties are to blame. They both have not paid into them like they are required to by law and I believe the State Constitution. If they want me to go into a 401K I want all the money I paid into the fund back so I can invest the way I want. I just don't want my money falling into the hands of Wall St without my say so.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Balloonman
02:55 AM on 02/02/2011
We are so screwed. I don't want to be cliche but we-the-people, the Government in other words, taking into consideration our corpacracy/Wall Street/Bank/Insurance/Pharma/Munitions paid representatives impotency far as doing their/our first priority job, which is to really boost, energize we-the-people, who are after all the altogether reason anybody holds office and or accumulates their fortunes and power, off our deregulated unprotected backs, so to speak. Anyway, all that take into consideration and thus nobody currently ruling us listens and gives us favor over MONEY. MONEY acts strictly for itself to increase itself, in any event. Cold blood MONEY could care less for flesh and blood, only to be maneuvered to increase itself. It can be nightmare time, the worse the crisis, the weaker the people's position, influence and power, the better for MONEY rulers to step in with one more concocted invention to help screw us. When we are really hurting, that is the perfect time for MONEY and POWER, and its modus operandi network institutions, to slip in a better way to belittle and screw us, take what's left of our pride, take our last nickel so to speak, and claim our suffering and austerity is even patriotic.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
kamact
Market Observer
10:19 PM on 02/01/2011
The WS financial terrorists have bought our politicians, who now just represent the banksters and corporate elite
07:17 PM on 02/01/2011
The consequence of this guiding principle, roughly, is that contracts are only binding on the bottom 90% ish of workers - not corporations, government entities or the top percent or 2 of the wealthy.

Upward redistribution of wealth could be impeded if those who mismanaged these pensions were held responsible for their decisions.
03:26 PM on 02/01/2011
Am I missing something? Many other commenters seem to believe that retired public-sector employees don't get Social Security, but is that true? I thought that everybody who worked, public or private sector, paid into SS, and then in addition paid into whatever other pension/401K plan they were eligible for/chose to buy into.
05:55 PM on 02/01/2011
In some states teachers do not pay into social security - CT is one of them. This may apply to other professions, but in a quick search I didn't find any other groups
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mikdow
Curse you, Mansquito.
06:32 PM on 02/01/2011
It's not uniform. The rules vary not only state by state, but contract by contract. That's why it's so hard to unravel who does and should get what, and who should pay for it.

Your letter carriers does not pay into social security either; neither will any of their hours worked for the US Postal Service count towards their social security. They pay into an entirely different retirement account. They can still collect social security, but only if they have had some other job besides the Postal Service, and they must have had social security taxes withheld from their paychecks.
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02:08 PM on 02/01/2011
Debt was created to enrich the already wealthy and to imprison an impoverish The People.

It is why we have a debt money system in America, not a value money system.

Without our debt the banks cease to exist since nearly each and every one of our debts is money created out of thin air with the wave of a pen. Take away that phony money, and the banks have nothing.
oilfield
large employer per obamacare
08:51 PM on 02/01/2011
you are right...without debt money has no value.
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12:50 PM on 02/01/2011
When you connect the dots that are; deregulation under Clinton, the defunding of regulators and their powers under Bush, the blowing of the derivative based mortgage bubble and the passing of a law designed to either impoverish borrowers or throw them into the streets---well, I for one can no longer say that this course of events was accidental, or caused by ignorance or the favorite Banker lye today, "None of us saw this coming."

They not only did see it coming, they mad sure that it hit us head on!

And they practiced wiping out The People's savings and retirements with Enron, World Com, GM, and a whole bunch of countries like Ireland, Greece, and others where Goldman Sachs, the IMF and the World Bank have a history of crushing nations and destroying People.

It looks like it's our turn, if they get their way.
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Terry T
10:27 PM on 02/01/2011
How much did the funding for U.S. bank regulators in actual dollar terms decrease under Bush? I suspect people have actually looked it up. It would be in our federal budget each year, right?

You'd have to look up the OCC, Fed, OTS, FDIC for the federal bank system totals. The Fed isn't in the federal budget, and you'd have to look at that separately in their published annual statements.
Don't include the SEC, since they don't regulate bank lending and they regulate many other industries. And of course FNMA, FMAC, FHA aren't regulators, so don't include them..

What numbers and sources are you quoting for defunding of bank regulators? And over what time period? Boy, I'd like to have the actual facts so I could throw them at my conservative friends!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
sean alphonse
11:02 AM on 02/01/2011
I suppose if Americans stop being sheep and wake up like Egyptians, some upper class neighborhoods in the US could get trashed. It's cool to let AIG pay off $2.9 billion to Goldman with taxpayer money, but oh no ..... we can't pay off those slimy public unions who out negotiated us. I guess we'll have to see what happens. The tension is mounting. Unfortunately, in the U.S. all of this class warfare stuff just fizzles. Plus, Superbowl Sunday is coming up.
07:01 PM on 02/01/2011
Maybe most Americans realize that they have it a LOT better then most of the world. It's hard to feel taken advantage of, when you enter into a contract, agreeing to the terms.

For the record, AIG, Goldman, and the rest received LOANS. They have to pay back that money. If we bail out the pensions, how is that money going to be repaid?
01:23 AM on 02/02/2011
Snort. They won't, though, and they haven't. They paid bonuses with that money, and conferences at luxury spas!
oilfield
large employer per obamacare
08:52 PM on 02/01/2011
its hard to complain with big screen tvs, cars, iphones and climate controlled housing when one is on the dole....not exactly like egypt.
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Jerry Vasquez
A Unapologetic liberal
10:56 AM on 02/01/2011
Where is the news? The title of this piece seems to indicate some amount surprise at that fact.
None here. The comparison of underwater home owners is a good one but should have included
soldiers as well. This country sends off fine young men and women and hopes that they come
back safe and sound but when they don't, they get the same kind of treatment. This is what
happens when someone get the screwy idea that the country should be run like a corporation.
People are treated like overhead and instead of honoring agreements they look to the courts for
support to break those agreements.
01:25 AM on 02/02/2011
Fanned and faved. This is so true. The way we treat veterans in this country is disgusting. And businesses profit off them, too (see, for example, for profit "colleges.")
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
10:34 AM on 02/01/2011
It is rare for one with the public ear to speak such stark truth with such bitterness. I hear you, Dean Baker, and can only hope that your voice cuts through to those with the power to represent our honor and moral obligations. Thank you.
10:24 AM on 02/01/2011
Government pensions are funded by three sources: employee contributions, investment returns and employer contributions. Individual employees are the largest and only consistent contributors to the state pension system. State contributions have been nonexistent because it was easy to pass the buck to the next fiscal year and we all know what happened to investment returns.

http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Are-Pensions-the-Cause-of-zacks-594748065.html?x=0&.v=1

"Is There Another Possible Reason?

Perhaps, just perhaps, these workers are being made into scapegoats for problems they didn’t cause. State and Local pension funds are large institutional investors, and like most large institutional investors, they lost a lot of money during the financial meltdown. Some but not all of that has been recovered as the market has bounced back over the last two years.

However, not all the funds were in equities, and many of the state funds had large portfolios of the toxic mortgages that Wall Street was peddling during the housing boom. In 2010, the Wall Street Bonus pool reached $142 billion, or roughly 1% of GDP. To be fair, that is a worldwide total and many of the big Wall Street firms like Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS - News) and JPMorgan (NYSE: JPM - News) are global operations.

That implies that lots of people on Wall Street are getting bonuses for a single year that are greater than an a retiree in the 10% highest percentile will receive in a lifetime."
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alterego55
Flash your citations or leave!
07:30 PM on 02/01/2011
"Government pensions are funded by three sources: employee contributi­ons, investment returns and employer contributi­ons. "

What you really meant to write is:

"Government pensions are funded by three sources: employee contributi­ons, investment returns and TAXPAYER contributi­ons. "

And in CA, taxpayers also make up the shortfall from investment returns. While ordinary taxpayers have seen their 401K's tank, they have to also make up the difference for the tanking of state employee funds - its a double hit.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MeinNH
Ooooo Silly Me
10:35 AM on 02/02/2011
"Perhaps, just perhaps, these workers are being made into scapegoats for problems they didn’t cause."

I think that this is more the case than being as greedy as the MSM is trying to make them out to be.
10:13 AM on 02/01/2011
Unfortunately, you're appealing to private sector workers who've ALREADY had their pensions stolen to subsidize unionized public sector employees. Where was the outcry when the largest, most profitable corporations in the country, with the enthusiastic co-operation of our "elected representatives", were confiscating pensions for which their lower level employees worked decades? These workers also accepted lower wages, in many cases lower that their counterparts in the public sector (myths regarding public sector wages notwithstanding), in exchange for pensions and retiree medical (also taken back). First things first, in the spirit of promises kept, restore OUR retirement security before you demand we subsidize others. By the way, how many of these civil servant unions, I can thing of several big-city police departments, for example, have been endorsing Republican candidates yet expect to be insulated from their policies? When the pain is shared across the private AND public domains, maybe change can be effected.
02:50 PM on 02/01/2011
Why do you assume that all state or federal workers are part of a union? The state with the highest percentage of unionized public sector employees was New York with less than a quarter of the states employees being part of a union. The lowest was North Carolina with a mere 3.2 percent of its public work force in a union.

http://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm
12:39 PM on 02/03/2011
Because union representation in the public sector is exponentially greater than the private sector. Don't forget federal workers like the Post Office. That fact is, that for the most part union membership has been crushed in the dreaded private sector, while public employees have been insulated from many of the harshest impacts of the "new ecomomy" (scorched earth downsizings, pension/benefit take-aways, 24 hour availability, and "classifying" employees to avoid overtime compensation requirements, to name just a few)
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
blueken
Finger Picking blues man
10:12 AM on 02/01/2011
I have long thought that all public employees should be in the same retirement system as the rest of us, Social Security. Then maybe they would have a vested interest in makeing sure Social Security is funded and healthy. I also think if we are serious about the war on drugs that all public employees be drug tested. My government has said that it is perfectly fine for my employer to randomly have me pee in a cup. I find it humiliating, and I wonder why people who work in the public sector don't have to. People who carry guns, people who are supposed to be their in an emergancy, don't have to pee in a cup, but I do?
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TheDuke75
Of the People, For the People and By the People
11:41 AM on 02/01/2011
I'm a public employee and I pay 8.5% into my pension and pay into social security. And we do have random urine tests. I'll take the test anytime anywhere.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
blueken
Finger Picking blues man
03:48 PM on 02/01/2011
Correct me if I'm wrong, but drug testing is not universal for government employees. I have nothing to fear from a drug test. I just find it humiliating.
03:11 PM on 02/01/2011
As a Municpal Employee, I pay into both my state's Pension Plan and Social Security. What exactly happens to the money I have paid in for the last 15 years? Oh and by the way, my pension will be less than a third of my take home pay.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
blueken
Finger Picking blues man
03:50 PM on 02/01/2011
I guess all things are true. My sister is retired from teaching. She makes 70% of her best 3 years and gets health care insurance. I will probably get about 1/3 my take home pay when I retire, if they don't mess with the formula. That plus a life time of saving, and I will be very lucky if I can afford health insurance for my wife and I.
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sharonsj
10:04 AM on 02/01/2011
All this is part of the "privatize the profits, socialize the losses" plan on the part of the powers that be. Workers will be forced to pay more and more for their own demise while the rich walk away with everything. I was hoping people would wake up and take to the streets a la Egypt, but personally I think we're too stupid to realize how we are being screwed.