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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

Posted: October 18, 2010 01:17 PM

As we all know, there is a major philosophical divide in US politics. On the one hand, there are those who think it is the role of government to help ensure that the vast majority of the population can enjoy a decent standard of living. On the other side are those who believe the role of government is to transfer as much money as possible to the rich and powerful. The latter group seems to be calling the shots these days.

This is seen clearly in the "liar lien" scandal: the flood of short-order foreclosures that ignore standard legal procedures. The banks have been overwhelmed by the unprecedented volume of defaulting mortgages in the wake of the housing crash. Even under normal circumstances, foreclosure rates that in some areas exceed ten times normal levels would create an administrative nightmare.

But these were not ordinary loans. The highest rates of foreclosure are on the quick and dirty loans made at the peak of the bubble. These loans were issued to be sold. Almost immediately after the ink was dry, the issuers would sell these loans off to Citigroup, Goldman Sachs or other investment banks to turn them into mortgage-backed securities. The investment banks themselves were running short order operations. More rapid securitization meant more profits.

In this process, the paperwork often came as an afterthought. As a result, necessary documents weren't signed, title transfers weren't properly registered, the notes tying loans to specific properties may not have been properly filed and other paperwork errors went uncorrected.

If the law were being followed, these issues would create serious problems for servicers trying to foreclose on homes where the owner had defaulted. Banks would have to spend the necessary time, paying high cost lawyers for their work, to reconstruct the paper trail needed to establish clear title to the house and the documentation that would allow them to foreclose on a delinquent borrower.

In some cases, this may not even be possible. Many of the issuers that dominated the nonprime mortgage market at the peak of the bubble are no longer in business. They probably did not make sure that all the documentation went to the right place before they closed their doors.

If the Wall Street banks were like the rest of us, the policy response would be simple: follow the frigging law. If banks want to foreclose, then they should have to present the court with the proper documents, end of story. Anyone who has ever bought a house or refinanced a mortgage knows the headaches involved. Everything must be in order, a process that can cost thousands of dollars in fees, as a long sheaf of documents is signed in the presence of a lawyer. This process can easily take two hours.

The banks don't think that they should have to endure the same expensive tedium as the rest of us. For them, these processes are simply formalities that can be circumvented. Hence, the "robo-signers," who are paid to put their names to documents that they know nothing about.

Some people have been wrongly foreclosed in this process, precisely the sort of mistake that the bureaucratic formalities are intended to prevent. More frequently, homeowners have probably been assessed fees and penalties that they do not actually owe. To the banks, this is just another unfortunate error in the high-speed foreclosure process.

In this context, the demand for a foreclosure moratorium makes perfect sense to those who think that it is the responsibility of government to protect the majority of the population. After all, if someone has fallen behind in paying their bills, they still have a right to expect that the law get followed.

A foreclosure moratorium would allow regulators to ensure that the servicers have systems in place that guarantee that the right procedures are followed. A moratorium on foreclosures would serve the same purpose as the moratorium on deep-sea drilling following the BP disaster. The alternative -- that we should trust the banks -- doesn't pass the laugh test.

By contrast, those who believe that government exists to serve the rich and powerful point out that these procedures will raise costs for banks. In some cases, they may not even be able to carry through a foreclosure, since the proper documentation does not exist.

The result could be billions of dollars in losses for the Wall Street banks. That may not put them out of business, but it certainly could knock a few million dollars off the bonuses of some top executives.

So, there you have it: the question of whether the Wall Street banks should have to follow the same rules as the rest of us. It is one of the most central philosophical questions underlying politics today.

This piece originally appeared on Truthout.org

 
 
 
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03:21 PM on 11/07/2010
Destroying a Village in order to Save it! That seems to be the advice from Washington in regard to a Mortgage Moratorium. Just as media experts and right-wing flacks have been telling us that lower wages equal higher living standards; we are now told that foreclosures are necessary and good for us because they allow deadbeats to get their just rewards. Never mind that foreclosures are destroying trillions of dollars of equity that will take years to recoup. Never mind that local governments are laying off workers due to lower property tax assessments making the job market worse. Never mind!
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MoreFreedom
03:27 PM on 10/21/2010
Does anyone see the hypocrisy of politicians who want to stop foreclosures because someone signed a document without reading it, yet sign legislation without reading it or even making the text available to the public prior to voting for it? Are IRS answers to tax questions more accurate than these foreclosure documents (obviously not).

Baker takes the position that government's role to to take money from some and give it to others, with Democrats taking from the rich and giving to the poor, and Republicans of taking from the poor and giving to the rich. Baker's wrong - government's role is to protect our freedom and liberties. To do that it must resolve disputes (via the courts), pursue criminals (who steak/attack others), and protect us from nations and groups that attack us. Redistributing wealth isn't different from what criminals do (except it's legal per "laws" our politicians have passed). People who use government to do this are morally equivalent to criminals. And this especially goes for the politicians who support it (typically for campaign contributions). For if politicians weren't selling our liberties we wouldn't have this problem.

Government created the housing bubble, and now they want to make it worse. They want to take away from those with investments backed by mortgages (that's most everyone with a 401K, pension or money market account) and give it to people not paying their mortgages.
02:18 PM on 10/21/2010
They have proven it over and over again that there is nothing that they won't do for the almighty dollar and those bottom line profits and to he!! with whatever rules or regulations or laws or people that get in their way, in this I guess the normal working class of the population is expendable.
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Kassandra
Your micro-bio is empty
11:13 AM on 10/20/2010
Take a look at this one too:
Mega-Banks’ Confidence in Shutting Down Foreclosure Fraud Scandal Undermined By Reality
http://news.firedoglake.com/2010/10/20/mega-banks-confidence-in-shutting-down-foreclosure-fraud-scandal-undermined-by-reality/

It's the states attorney generals who are taking theses criminals on. Make sure yours is on your side when you go vote.
I guess the states don't want to see their neighborhoods subjected to disaster capitalism any more than we do.
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Eykis
Odd realm of Purgatory I reside in with HPo~
05:37 PM on 10/19/2010
My post on FRAUDCLOSURES either has been sitting for FOUR HOURS in pending OR

NOT POSTED.

I've posted it TWICE.
06:14 PM on 10/19/2010
E,

It happens to me all the time!! And I censor myself but I guess very harsh criticisms, coupled with real facts is considered more offensive than f**k. The latter I consider myself to be quite fluent in because it fits so nicely when describing the financial chaos of our Country...oh f**k, I just spilled my water... :)
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BlackWidowPilot
"Fu! Rin! Ka! Zan!"
08:04 PM on 10/19/2010
Welcome to the club.

Leland R. Erickson

Citizen
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BlairCase
02:30 PM on 10/19/2010
The banks aren't like the Mafia. The Mafia still makes uncollaterized loans. They actualy trust people to pay them back. Only the Mafia has deep faith in moral obligations.
06:20 PM on 10/19/2010
And if they do not get paid back, two broken legs never killed anyone... good one B.
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fb0252
01:45 PM on 10/19/2010
homeowner won't pay. banks can't foreclose. it is new ethic!
12:54 PM on 10/19/2010
What are they hiding?

Why would these lenders risk losing the collateral for these mortgage loans?

Why would lawyers knowingly file fraudulent & false affidavits - commit fraud on the court for their lender-clients?

What could they be hiding about these loans to take such audacious risks?

Why is most every lawsuit involving Investors & these lenders specifically about Mortgage Fraud?

How could these lenders defraud investors and NOT have defrauded the homeowners?

Countrywide admitted to selling 142-billion dollars of mortgage loans to borrowers that Countrywide KNEW could not repay. They created separate Underwriting software to APPROVE loans rejected from their normal system. The used ridiculous rates (1.25%) and 35-40yr tables and deliberately DECEIVED these borrowers. The “special” Underwriting program automatically changed the loan docs of these borrowers to NINA & SISA loans without the borrowers ever knowing it.

These borrowers had NO-IDEA their loans their 700-dollar mortgage would jump to 2-2500 dollars per month. These loans were created in 2005 & 2006 and these families are now facing the consequences.

Using Countrywide’s data - that equates to approx 965-THOUSAND FAMILIES tossed to the street BECAUSE they trusted the loan agent - that so-called professional. How many families are now in divorce - how many addictions now triggered - how many lives & dreams destroyed?

How many CEO’s of these pathetically twisted lenders & Wall Street buddies have been arrested?

Keep the Powder Dry
12:50 PM on 10/19/2010
Squash the banks.
12:47 PM on 10/19/2010
All the confusion and misinformation regarding the foreclosure process is at the heart of the problem. From the time the borrower walks into the bankers office to the time they are foreclosed, the public is kept in the dark about the process and the law. That is how the banks want it. It makes it easier to pick your pocket in the dark then in broad daylight.
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MilesToGo
11:05 AM on 10/19/2010
Judges need to stave off these legal shenanigans by the banks, implementing a moratorium on foreclosures, until proper and sane laws and regulations regulations are in place protecting homeowners. The ongoing political protections for immoral banking practices must end. It is that simple.
10:44 AM on 10/19/2010
Perhaps if the sanction for fraudulent or grossly negligent mortgage practices was that the loan be forgiven, the lenders would be motivated to treat these matters seriously. For too long they have been allowed to skirt the process and rules of evidence. When a plaintiff wants to take away what is usually a person's greatest asset it behooves the system to ensure that everything is proven to the letter.

The consumer is always in the weaker position in a battle with huge banks and mortgage companies. The mortgage industry has gotten away with murder in its ability to dictate the terms of mortgages as well as foreclosures. If a home owner violates any term of their mortgage, even a late payment, s/he pays for it. Lenders must be held to the same standard if they in any way violate the process.
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BlairCase
11:29 AM on 10/19/2010
Homeowners can force lenders to prove everything to the letter by contesting the foreclosure. In practice, few people contest foreclosures because they know lenders will be able to prove everything to the letter. They don't want to add legal fees and court costs to their other financial woes.
12:12 PM on 10/19/2010
In truth, few people contest foeclosure because they don't know what to do and they can't afford finding out. The whole point of legal proceedings is to force you to prove your case. There should be no short cuts of that proof allowed. During a time of foreclosure homeowners are at a terrible disadvantage - most likely fewer financial resources to hire an attorney, decidely less knowledgable about their rights than the opposing party, etc. It is unseemly and out of place for the law and the courts to make it easier for foreclosures to proceed.

Any foreclosure in any jurisdiction should require a judicial decision to proceed. It's a "taking" and it should be treated as such. Unfortunately consumers don't have the lobbyists and advocates to go head to head against the lobbyists and advocates for the mortgage industry who have greased the machinery in their favor. The same goes for debt collection which is an unbridled scandal in the U.S.
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Eykis
Odd realm of Purgatory I reside in with HPo~
02:27 PM on 10/19/2010
Blair,

Not as easy as it sounds. Read all of my posts regarding FRAUDCLOSURE.
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BlairCase
09:16 AM on 10/19/2010
The banks bring full mortgage documentation to the foreclosure hearings but present only an affidavit to the court. This saves court time. The average foreclosure hearing last about five minutes because few homeowners challenge the affidavits. When homeowners do challenge the affidavit, the plantiffs (banks) have to show the documentation. In a small percentage of cases, the original title has been lost during transactions between banks. In these cases, some plantiffs present an Affidavit of Lost Title. Homeowners who challenge can force the plantiffs to come up with the lost title or present other proof they have legal standing to foreclose, but few challenge the affidavits. Perhaps judges should require the plantiffs to present the title even in uncontested cases, but this would slow down only a small percent of foreclosures. MERS, which tracks more than half of home mortgages and conducts most foreclosures, says it never files for foreclosure until it has possession of the title.
10:07 AM on 10/19/2010
a really good post, and well done. Because this is not my field, I don't know what the acronym MERS stands for. What is MERS?
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BlairCase
10:54 AM on 10/19/2010
MERS stands for Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems financed by the real estate and mortgage loan industry. MERS simplifies the way mortgage ownership and servicing rights are originated, sold and tracked. It's only controversial because it also steamlines the foreclosure process.
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Passerineblue
Under construction
10:23 AM on 10/19/2010
There are so many people posting on the foreclosure process on HuffPo who really don't know what they're talking about, that I have given up trying to corrrect all of them. I am a lawyer who has represented both borrowers and lenders in major foreclosures for 30 years in most of the states in the union.

For the last time, I will point out some of the errors in the above posting, then I will just stop reading posts by people who know nothing or just a little about foreclosure:

MERS doesn't conduct foreclosures. Mortgage servicers do.

Affidavits are used by both plaintiffs and defendants in all cases, not just foreclosure cases. They are signed by the clients, not the lawyers. They are used primarily to enter necessary facts supporting the complaint into the record. Lawyers who submit affidavits signed by their clients which they know to be false can be sanctioned and even disbarred.

If no one representing the borrower shows up, the skids are greased and the case usually proceeds to foreclosure. If the borrower has a lawyer, the whole game changes. The "facts" in the affidavits are disputed (including who owns the note and the amount owing, etc.).

This big bugaboo about "original title being lost" is total hogwash. In 99.9% of the cases, the note is not lost. The problem is that the judge doesn't understand how MERS (the note registry) works. That's the problem, not "lost title"-a nonsense term, legally.
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BlairCase
11:05 AM on 10/19/2010
On its website, MERS states that "When MERS forecloses, MERS is the mortgagee and it is the holder of the note because a MERS officer will be in possession of the original note endorsed in blank, which makes MERS a holder of the bearer paper. MERS will not foreclose unless the note is endorsed in blank and held by MERS." I suspect some judges understand how MERS works but are trying to encumber the foreclosure process to make themselves popular with their constituents.
01:16 PM on 10/19/2010
Foreclosure Mill Attorneys have filed FALSE AFFIDAVITS & ASSIGNMENTS. Yes - committing Fraud on the Court. The affidavits are SIGNED BY the authorizing agent (MERS, SERVICER or TRUSTEE) assigning authority to the foreclosure mill attorneys to represent the Trustee (etc) as a substitute Trustee.

Most of these loans were NOT properly filed by the lenders. They bypassed the Transfer of the Note to the Trustee. The False Assignments now exposed are a direct cause of their illegal act. This negates & severes the collateral (property) from the Note. Meaning, those loans are no longer secured. It does not void the mortgage nor imply the borrowers are not liable. It simply means they cannot "legally" take their homes.

Millions of families have been illegally foreclosed and thrown to the streets. Maybe the judges should be looking more closely at the loan docs to see if these loans were even legal. It is illegal for a federally insured institution to lend more than the borrower can repay.

Keep the Powder Dry
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med1067
What goes around, comes around.
08:36 AM on 10/19/2010
The middle class is a door mat for the banks and Wall St. First, we have to bail them out, and now, they take our homes. And Congress doesn't care. We are in deep trouble.
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BlairCase
09:33 AM on 10/19/2010
The big investment banks have already paid back their TARP loans with interest. More than 600 small community banks are making monthly installment payments on their TARP loans. The government expects to make a profit on the bank portion of the bailout. As the TARP loans are repaid, we should use the funds to bail out Main Street, which was the original puropose of the program before the money was diverted to the banks to avoid a ruinous financial meltdown.
09:59 AM on 10/19/2010
Ummmm, the only homes they are taking are where the borrowers defaulted on the promise they in borrowing money to buy the home People making their payments, people who have paid off their homes, those middle class owners have no fear of someone taking their home.

Should the banks follow the laws? But of course! Get the paperwork right, and then proceed. But let's not con ourselves into thinking that banks are stealing homes from people who are up to date on their mortgages. If/when that happens, go after the banks for doing so.
06:37 AM on 10/19/2010
Yes, indeed: "Follow the frigging law". And if you don't, what? The answer ought to be obvious: toss them in jail. In an earlier, more tolerant time, it might have been enough to pick a few bank executives and middle managers to set an example and send a message, but that's long gone. Send them all up (after of course giving them a fair trial). We can certainly do it - America has no shortage of police or prisons.
08:21 AM on 10/19/2010
The penalty for a false affidavit is generally a misdemeanor with a fine only, no jail time possible for filing a false affidavit.