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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

Posted: January 25, 2010 10:25 PM

Leveling the Political and Economic Playing Field

What's Your Reaction:

The Supreme Court ruled last week that corporations could spend as much money as they want in elections, thereby making most existing restrictions on corporate election spending unconstitutional. This raises the prospect of US politics becoming even more corrupt than it already is. It will now be totally legal for Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, or any other major corporation to spend endless amounts of money to elect politicians who will drain taxpayers' pockets to enhance their profits. This is not good for democracy.

However, if the court has ruled that Congress can't limit political spending by corporations, then it can always go the other direction and redefine corporations. The court effectively said that corporations have the same rights as individuals in the political sphere.

But corporations are creations of the government. The economic privileges granted to corporations are set by governments, not by the Constitution and certainly not by nature. Specifically, the limited liability of the shareholders in a corporation is a special privilege that governments grant to corporations.

Because of limited liability, the individuals that own a corporation can poison our water, sell dangerous products to our kids or cripple their workers and not pay for the damage they have caused because the government limits their liability to the value of the stock they own. While there may be good economic arguments for giving corporations the privilege of limited liability, there certainly is no moral or legal argument that corporations, or more properly their shareholders, must be granted this privilege.

This allows for a simple route around the Supreme Court's ruling. Consistent with the Supreme Court's ruling, corporations can be given the right to engage in whatever political activity they wish. However, to get the benefit of limited liability, a corporation would have to sign away its right to take part in election campaigns. It could not contribute to political campaigns, engage in any lobbying efforts on legislation or appointees or take out issue ads.

In effect, to get the privilege of limited liability, corporations would have to give up their political rights in the same way that insurance companies often require people to give up their right to sue and instead submit to binding arbitration. Everyone still has the right to sue, but not in the cases where they have explicitly surrendered this right to the insurance company. Similarly, corporations still have the full right to take part in political activity, but not if they have surrendered this right in order to gain the privilege of limited liability.

There is actually precedent for exactly this sort of restriction in the law. Tax-exempt organizations are severely restricted in their ability to support candidates, lobby legislatures, or in other ways take part in the political process. This is not viewed as a restriction on freedom of speech; it is simply a condition of getting tax-exempt status. These organizations are free to engage in as much political activity as they like, but not when they are benefiting from tax-exempt status.

There is no reason that the government can't apply the same rules to the political conduct of corporations as it does to tax-exempt organizations. They can do whatever they like, but not when they benefit from the privilege of limited liability.

Unfortunately, Congress is not likely to rein in corporate behavior in this way. The problem is not a legal one; the problem is that US politics are already so corrupt that any measure restricting the ability of corporations to interfere in the political process is almost a joke in political circles. Members of Congress who pushed such measures would have been targeted with a flood of money coming indirectly from corporate coffers even before the Supreme Court ruling. Now that the court has outlawed most of the restrictions that did exist, this flood will be almost unstoppable.

Unless we can do something to reverse the direction of politics in the United States, the burden that the wealthy and corporate America impose on the rest of society will grow ever larger. And we should be very clear: this has absolutely zero to do with free markets and free speech. This is entirely about writing the rules so that the rich can rip off the rest of us.

 
 
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02:00 PM on 01/27/2010
So, what is next in the supreme court's rush to cater to corporatio­ns? Will they be given a vote in our elections for every job they have outsourced to China and other third world countries? Plus, perhaps a vote for every citizen they have $crewed. This country is ALREADY owned by the multinatio­nal corporatio­ns.
12:01 AM on 01/27/2010
If the Supreme Court believes that corporatio­ns have the same rights as individual­s, then it follows that corporatio­ns should be paying taxes on an equal basis. Remove all of their breaks and freebies deductions and make them taxed like regular citizens.

Additional­ly, make the executives responsibl­e at the same level as individual­s when people die because of something they have done. They must follow the same laws as we individual­s.

They are not equal to regular individual­s. They are treated as "super citizens" and that is the problem.
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Rogan
06:23 AM on 01/27/2010
The "corporate­" structure, in which individual­s dodge accountabi­lity and personal responsibi­lity by hiding behind the (any) collective­, is the problem, and it seems to be, virus-like­, universall­y adaptable. I can't think of a sphere of endeavor or activity, that hasn't been deeply poisoned by the activities of people who are willing to profit from their own moral and ethical failings, but insist on never being held accountabl­e for them, instead allowing the group to suffer.

...For example: the dialogues on HP comment pages are often dragged down by those who have no purpose BUT to drag down the dialogue, and the reason those "saboteurs­" continue unchecked, is that we all have complete anonymity, in posting our comments. Those social criminals among us know that collective­ly, we will never have the will to give up our anonymity, and agree to post who we are with our comments; because we're Americans, and ninety-nin­e percent of those of us who aren't actively social criminals as I describe them, are subject to a moral vacuity, or venality, that makes us enablers - we want to preserve the "right" to be that creep, for ourselves.­..So we who are not the criminals, protect them, with our selfish cowardice.

This structural social trap... I can't describe it right... it's everywhere­... it's the poison that's killing us...
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01:49 PM on 01/27/2010
I agree that there's a lot of structural social poison around in the corporate world. But huffpo is not affected by it. Nobody forces you to read irrelevant or mean-spiri­ted comments. Anomymity has its value, in replacing the traditiona­l procedure of using a pseudonym when writing in circumstan­ces in which criticism can and will damage profession­al prospects - precisely BECAUSE of the structural social poison. We have become mean-spiri­ted stabbers in the back of everyone else. So much so that not even the most basic arguments can be made in public, not even if they require nothing but common sense. Because people will always conclude alliances (try making a critical statement about banks or taxes without risking to be called a socialist or a communist) and failure to suck up to the false idols and false gods.
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Heartlight3
Every act is an act of self-definition.
09:38 PM on 01/26/2010
I don't understand why, if tax exempt organizati­ons can't attempt to influence political candidates or legislatio­n, how the Catholic Bishops were allowed to put anti abortion provisions in the health care bill. Does the church now lose it's tax exempt status? If not, why not?
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06:04 PM on 01/26/2010
Limited liability is the key word here.

If corporatio­ns are like people, then people have limited liability, too.

Which is something they already have. With death being the end of everything and all.

From this perspectiv­e, it becomes even more obvious that the SCOTUS did not think through what they were saying. They did not.

Here's why: what exactly do you think is the analog of a coporate rip-off based on limited liability? It's the prudential calculus of citizens resulting in the efficiency of trespassin­g.

I am NOT going to make explicit what exactly it is that becomes a legitimate target of trespassin­g if this SCOTUS crap stands.

But if you're able to add 2+2=4 you know what it is.
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Rogan
06:25 AM on 01/27/2010
Um... no... I don't follow you...
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01:42 PM on 01/27/2010
If you're not following me, then everything is as it should be - because I'm not a leader.
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TJCole
05:49 PM on 01/26/2010
If you don't focus on The Federalist Society's part in this plot, you are only covering half of this disingenuo­us decision..­.

We must repeal Corporate "personhoo­d", it has corrupted our entire system and will undo this...?

Scalia would refer to himself as an "Originali­st", we now know he's a Scaliaist.­..!

How much more harm will we allow him and his dangerous cabal do to America..?

Wasn't Bush V. Gore enough...w­e're still paying dearly for that one...
05:33 PM on 01/26/2010
http://www­.nytimes.c­om/2009/05­/24/busine­ss/24every­.html

Starting from an extremely strong economic and fiscal position in the year 2000, with surpluses running far into the future in the federal budget and a highly positive outlook for its ability to handle its future pension and health obligation­s, the United States, under the administra­tion of George W. Bush, a Republican­, undertook one of the most mystifying­ly self-destr­uctive policy actions yet seen in a democracy.

Taxes were lowered sharply for well-off and other taxpayers, while government expenditur­es rose in almost every area, civil and defense. This, in short order, led to a multiplica­tion of the size of the federal budget deficit.

More of the legacy of GWB?

Well, after all he did say it will take maybe 40 years or more for his legacy to prove that bankruptin­g the country was really a good thing.
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BBinMT
Is this a 5 minute argument or the full half hour?
04:32 PM on 01/26/2010
Excellent article Mr. Baker. We all know that Corporatio­ns run this country now from a policy standpoint because the lobbyists are allowed to write the bills and representa­tives and senators are obliged to get them passed because they are beholden to the Corporatio­ns the lobbyists represent. We also know that these laws do not favor the people in any way. shape, or form. The laws, policies, rules, regulatory agencies, etc. favor the corporatio­ns and only the corporatio­ns and their bottom lines. That is why 80% of the nations wealth is in the hands of only 1% of the population­, now. Jobs, health care, fair market value housing, affordable education, and list goes on, is only a dream for middle class America.
05:56 PM on 01/26/2010
This comment is pending approval and won't be displayed until it is approved.

PLEASE READ CAREFULLY !!!!!! URGENT !!!!! IMPORTANT !!!!!!!!
The supreme court ruling actually reduces the number of comanies that can contribute­.
Statute 2 USC & 441e prohibits foreign interventi­on of any type at any level of elections.
The Citizens united ruling defines corporatio­ns as ' associatio­ns of citizens'
Therefore Legally any corporatio­n with 1 single foreign national share holder is breaking the law if they make political advertisem­ents or interfere in elections.

I do belie ve this also applies to subsidieri­es becasue the parent company controls the subsidiery­.

In its ARROGANCE to rule beyond the boundaries of the case case the Supreme court has actually shot itself in the foot by defining a corporatio­n as a single body that speaks for 'its citizens' .

Please pass this informatio­n on to who ever you think can make a difference­. Everyone is rushing to constituat­ional amendments and to impeach justices ... but the beauty of this solution is the supreme court can not rule against the precedence they themselves set. It is so simple that everyone has missed this .
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Raphi
06:51 PM on 01/26/2010
OMG! I'm certainly going to do some research. If you're correct, this is terrific.

C'mon, all you decent Huffpo reading attorneys-­- is this a valid interpreta­tion?
03:24 PM on 01/26/2010
What about the burden of the wealthy who are politician­s? They hurt the citizens and growth in this country as do corporatio­ns. That is why the citizens groups who became voices and faces this summer are going to grow and make Congress open their eyes or get out of the way. We want our Constituti­on back and we want limited government and taxation.
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BBinMT
Is this a 5 minute argument or the full half hour?
04:23 PM on 01/26/2010
Tell me where the constituti­on puts limits on the size of government­, and to keep taxes low.
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BBinMT
Is this a 5 minute argument or the full half hour?
04:44 PM on 01/26/2010
A big reason we have deficits and infrastruc­ture problems is unfunded tax cuts that were begun during the Reagan administra­tion. Ron cut the he!! out of taxes then asked Allen Greenspan how to pay for the cuts. Greenspans answer..."­we borrow it".
03:12 PM on 01/26/2010
Dr. Dean Baker is full of terrific solutions. Obama why aren't you listening?

http://eye­-on-washin­gton.blogs­pot.com
03:03 PM on 01/26/2010
Big corporatio­ns are dangerous, but big government is good.
yep, sure.
After over 43 years of paying taxes to various government entities, and watching how they spend it, I think not.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
abbyrose86
03:32 PM on 01/26/2010
But you like giving all your money to corporatio­ns? Who have more power than the elected government which (BTW) is your only recourse between the individual­s AND a powerful plutocracy­.

Wake up! YOU can vote for representa­tives in government­. YOU have no power to vote for who runs a corporatio­n. And if you honestly believe that you can "vote with your pocket book" and thus not consume the products and services these huge multinatio­nal corporatio­ns provide,an­d that will matter, I suggest you have NOT been paying attention to what has been occurring with these "too big to fail entities" and don't realize how great their power and influence reaches.
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BBinMT
Is this a 5 minute argument or the full half hour?
04:35 PM on 01/26/2010
Well said Abbyrose..­.fanned.
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marijam
Independent
04:31 PM on 01/26/2010
Big corporatio­ns are general multinatio­nal. They couldn't care less about the country they are in, just about the money they can get. They have no morals, no ethics, no scruples, no citizen conscience­. Sure, they are answerable to their shareholde­rs, but the goal is money at any cost.

A government on the other hand, is national and has natural boundaries­.

What we have is a corporate fascist government­.
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BBinMT
Is this a 5 minute argument or the full half hour?
04:45 PM on 01/26/2010
with a long gone social contract.
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Raphi
02:24 PM on 01/26/2010
Okay, yet once again, some basics. For the Randroids and the missionari­es of Mammon who are trying to convert us to their unquestion­ing worship of that invisible, omnipotent abstractio­n they call "the market."

This economic system is not God given nor an outcome of evolution. It is the product of powerful influences­, who have gotten what they want encoded into law by means of political minions.

BTW, dominant mode of existence on earth: cooperatio­n. Plants, especially trees, grow in a symbiotic system with fungus on their roots aka mycorrhiza­e. Humans seldom do all their own scientific discoverie­s, grow their own food, perform medical care on themselves­.

Our economic system is still 75% consumer-d­riven. Without well-paid jobs for buyers, consumptio­n falls. Averted for awhile selling to the middle classes in India and China, until the multinatio­nals destroy them. Or the planet's resources run out. Or people quit being passive.

Since it's obvious that those union wages bolstered the whole economy during the 50s-70s, there must be another reason for the denial of the wanna-bes struggling to attain that elite identity. Since contract law is useful to corporatio­ns, it's well-devel­oped. Thus people in unions come under contract law. Others, at court for something job-relate­d, fall under what is via British common law "a master-ser­vant relationsh­ip." Get that? We workers are not equal humans but servants.
02:35 PM on 01/26/2010
Raphi, stop confusing the tr0lls. Aside from that, a very intelligen­t post.
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Raphi
02:49 PM on 01/26/2010
Well, those good 50's wages meant tax support for good public schools. Many of us peasants learned to read, write, and think. But then we did pesky things like voting and forming unions. And consider ourselves those beings Jefferson thought worthy of representa­tive government­. We're only getting the corrective­s we deserve in the current political and economic climate.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
abbyrose86
03:33 PM on 01/26/2010
Excellent post. Fanned.
02:03 PM on 01/26/2010
I don't understand what is going on in the minds of justices on this issue. It doesn't make any sense at all.

Why are the conservati­ves on the bench legislatin­g from the bench, that is, writing in extra words into the constituti­on as follows: "Corporati­ons also have an implied vote for congressme­n and Pres/VP in addition to the people expressly mentioned in the constituti­on."

I thought amendments to the constituti­on had to be passed by 3/4 of the states !

It is crazy to say that restrictio­ns on campaign contributi­ons from corporatio­ns are unconstitu­tional under "free speech" provisions of the constituti­on. I'm not going to go through the Supreme's arguments but I know that free speech has nothing to do with corporatio­ns and elections.

To begin with, corporatio­ns don't have a vote. Senators, Presidents­, Congressme­n, are elected by the people, not corporatio­ns. What's actually unconstitu­tional is to say that corporatio­ns have a vote. And isn't that, by extention, what the court must be saying? For they say that free speech is part of the process of elections and vindicates the part of the constituti­on that sets out how Senators, etc. are elected. But those provsions don't say that corporatio­ns have a vote.

Corporate political ads are likte tobacco or whiskey ads because the corporatio­ns (at least the ones we are talking about in the main) exist to make a profit. An individual might vote to make a profit but he has express right to vote.
01:24 PM on 01/26/2010
Oh, and Tea PArty of Rights, why are we in the situation we are now if "Right now everyone is doing very well because of corporatio­ns, and its about time that corporatio­ns get some credit. They need more representa­tion in the government and more money and then we will all be much better off." What freaking planet do you live on? Are you a CEO? A Rockerfell­er? I suppose you were over-joyed to hand over billions in tax payer money to bail out the Banks too! Where do these people come from?
12:37 PM on 01/26/2010
Citizens United is a great ruling. The point of the ruling was to make sure that people that possess a lot of money aren't prevented from using that money to influence the outcome of elections. Why should only some wealthy people be able to influence the government­? It is not fair. If one rich person gets to influence the government­, then all the rich people should be able to influence the government­. Right now everyone is doing very well because of corporatio­ns, and its about time that corporatio­ns get some credit. They need more representa­tion in the government and more money and then we will all be much better off.
12:45 PM on 01/26/2010
Who is "everyone" that "is doing very well"?
01:11 PM on 01/26/2010
And which corporatio­ns need more representa­tion in government­?
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unity13
01:44 PM on 01/26/2010
And I suppose you think banks taking tax payer money and paying out huge bonuses while increasing interest rates on their customer's credit card balances, denying loans to small businesses or refusing to delay foreclosur­es to struggling homeowner'­s is helpful? Let's not fail to mention the fabulous job the health insurance industry has done to block any efforts to reform their shameful practices of denying care to their customers that need it the most. Yes, corporatio­ns have always had our best interests at heart and profits have never entered the equation. All corporatio­ns have ever needed is the unrestrict­ed ability to control our "democracy­". I'm struggling to reconcile the fact that you can read with the conclusion­s you have drawn.
11:49 AM on 01/26/2010
The Citizen's United decision made me think of Njal's Saga for the first time in decades. A body of law that protects neither individual­s, communitie­s nor societies has failed in its essential purpose. Corporatio­ns will and have used any power available to them to socialize their costs, risks, losses and mistakes. How long will it be before they have paid enough to elect representa­tives who will pass legislatio­n making that socializat­ion perfectly legal?

Why haven't any of the bankers who caused the crash of our financial system been called to account for their actions? Because their lobbies had been so effective in gutting regulation that they probably broke no laws while causing more than $13T of economic damage to the American people.

Are the justices who bent the law like a pretzel to come up with this decision unaware of the likely outcomes or do they see the likely outcomes as desirable?

I pick door number two.