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Dean Baker

Dean Baker

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The Big Retailers Versus the Big Banks: It Makes a Big Difference

Posted: 05/ 9/11 01:56 PM ET

The battle of the "swipe fees" has been hard to miss the last few weeks. The big banks are spending millions of dollars on TV, radio and Internet ads telling us that the government should not limit the fees that they charge on debit cards transactions. On the other side, a coalition of major retailers, such as Wal-Mart and Target, has been funding a comparable campaign to stop the bank gouging.

It may seem as though the public has little at stake in this battle between big banks and big retailers, but that is not true. In this case, Wal-Mart is on the side of the angels; small businesses and consumers will win if they prevail. This is an important battle in its own right, but even more important as a lesson in effective politics.

The basic story here should be a policy no-brainer. There are two major debit card networks, Mastercard and Visa, who essentially are the market. Together, they control more than 90 percent of the debit card market.

This control gives them enormous market power. There are few retailers who can refuse to accept the debit cards issued by these networks. They would lose a huge amount of business if they did. As a result, Mastercard and Visa and the banks with whom they share their profits, are able to charge fees that far exceed the actual cost of a debit card transaction.

According to research from the Federal Reserve Board, the fees on debit card transactions average 48 cents. The Fed estimates that the networks can cover their overhead and operating costs with a fee of 12 cents per transaction. The difference, which comes to $12 billion a year, is pure frosting. It's additional profits for the banks and credit card networks. (Some of this is shared with debit card customers with various rewards, like frequent flyer miles.)

The biggest losers in the current system are cash-paying customers. Retailers are required by the companies to charge the same price to everyone. When they raise their prices to cover the debit card fees, they also must raise prices to customers who pay in cash, who tend to be poorer. So we have a system in which low-income consumers pay higher prices to increase the profits of the big banks and give frequent-flyer miles to higher-income consumers.

This is where the big retailers come in. If they can lower the swipe fees, they hope to be able to pocket some of the savings, even if they end up passing most of the savings on to consumers. If the big retailers can pocket 20 percent of the savings, this gets them another $2.4 billion a year in profits. This is real money, certainly enough to get their attention. However the other 80 percent translates into an additional $9.6 billion a year in consumers' pockets.

This is the reason that Wal-Mart is on the side of the angels. It is not being altruistic; it hopes to increase profits by lowering swipe fees. However, it will also be putting money into consumers' pockets (and taking it away from banks), if it succeeds in this effort.

Unfortunately, any political victories by progressives in the foreseeable future are going to look like this. The reality is that progressives are far too weak to have any clean victories. Good policy to help ordinary people won't buy you a cup of coffee in Washington. Without the firepower of some deep-pocketed interest that gets to share in the pie, policy will go nowhere.

This is why cap and trade was the best hope for an agreement limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Goldman Sachs and the Wall Street gang saw the possibility of big bucks hustling emission permits, futures and options on emission permits, emission-permit-backed securities, etc. A carbon tax would be easier and more efficient, but no one in Congress or the Obama administration cares about a bunch of enviros whining over the future of the planet. On the other hand, Goldman's campaign contributions are taken very seriously.

This was the genius, whether intended or not, of the Obama administration's green jobs projects. These projects financed work by thousands of contractors around the country who made profits by weatherizing homes and businesses. These contractors are now strong advocates of more funding to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, even some of the recently elected conservative Republican governors now support such spending.

The moral of this story is that we should get used to seeing some of the bad guys in our camp. And if we are going to design policy that has any chance of being implemented, we have to find ways to bring more of them on board.

 
The battle of the "swipe fees" has been hard to miss the last few weeks. The big banks are spending millions of dollars on TV, radio and Internet ads telling us that the government should not limit th...
The battle of the "swipe fees" has been hard to miss the last few weeks. The big banks are spending millions of dollars on TV, radio and Internet ads telling us that the government should not limit th...
 
 
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01:09 PM on 06/08/2011
"And if we are going to design policy that has any chance of being implemented, we have to find ways to bring more of them on board."
I totally disagree, that is part of the reason we have not done so well as it is. What we need to do is TELL CONGRESS WHO THEY WORK FOR AND WHO THEY BETTER REPRESENT. When and if they do not SHOW BY THEIR VOTES whose side they are on they will not get our vote and BE OUT OF A JOB. Holding them accountable and their actions transparent is the only way we are going to get the job done correctly.
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den1953
The best politicians are for free!
10:14 AM on 05/10/2011
it is very hard to distinguish big banks from big business most times they both have their hand in each others back pocket, and Americans pay no matter which way the dollar flows!
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thejazz
I'll burn that bridge when I come to it.
09:26 AM on 05/10/2011
You cannot defeat your enemy unless you understand them. There is now way in hell that large corporate retailers are going to be on the side of consumers, smae with health care or health insurance. There needs to be wedge issues like this to exploit. 80% is better than nothing.
07:51 AM on 05/10/2011
Wal-Mart is altruistic...your'e kidding, right. The same company that has insurance policies on it's employees so that they become the beneficiaries. The same company that years ago touted the American content of it's products. This is the company that helped destroy America and its heartland. Their only interest pure and simple is to become bigger and cheaper. Doesn't matter who they destroy to get there.
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cats530
Valar morghulis
12:57 PM on 05/11/2011
dead peasant insurance is disgusting, isn't it? But its the clash of the titans, big retailer vs. big bankster. Should be fun to watch.
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AvgJoeBlow
We are smarter than any of us.
07:14 AM on 05/10/2011
Once again, in the end of all this hub-bub each and every one of us gets screwed by a transactions fee whether we use a card or not. Yet suggest that the Wall Street and the investor class pay a miniscule transaction fee on stock trades and transactions and you'd think Capitalism and the world ecconomic system as we know it will come to an end.
-AJB
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Joe Padilla
Ever hear of a credit union crisis?
10:20 PM on 05/11/2011
You're right and that is a great post. Imagine if each trade placed had a .44 cent fee paid by the seller to a bank other than their own. They would go nuts. Absolutely nuts.
12:31 AM on 05/10/2011
Welcome to the club of third-worl­d countries America.

In Latin America, you dare not find 2 price tags for everything retail, one price for cash the other card.

It's like that already in the US for gas, in most places.

Until people in the US stop bailing out TBTF with fees, taxes, QE, inflation, etc. it's going to be YOU, the consumer, who are innocent of derivative­s, that are going to pay for their bail outs.

Everytime you swipe that card, remember you are paying to bail out TBTF which should've already been placed into RECEIVERSH­IP/BANKRUP­TCY re-organiz­ation.

That can be done by simply restoring Glass-Stea­gall.

Debit fees to pay off bail outs to Wall Street is not cute-n-fun­ny!
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quadgemini
11:13 PM on 05/09/2011
Come quickly, 1950DA.
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AvgJoeBlow
We are smarter than any of us.
07:24 AM on 05/10/2011
LOL - Tx
The way we are headed by 2880, you'll just have to update the old phrase about the tree falling in the forest to, "Would it still be global devestation if no one were here to see it?"
-AJB
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allwarisbad
10:57 PM on 05/09/2011
Gas stations have different Cash and Credit rates in our area ...
10:49 PM on 05/09/2011
The problem here is that both the banks and big corporations like walmart are crying about a system they developed and enhanced. Their CEOs get giant bonuses and the greed continues. Is it the consumers fault they convinced everyone of all ages and income to use their bank cards? Even school children use the cards now. Welfare and other similar programs issue bank cards instead of checks. Why don't they just split the costs and get over it.
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Joe Padilla
Ever hear of a credit union crisis?
12:39 AM on 05/10/2011
They already split the costs with the people who pay cash. This fight is between retailers and banks. Not necessarily Wal Mart and Home Depot. There are a lot of smaller business that pay even higher swipe fees that will benefit by not sending their money to New York instead of keeping it LOCAL.
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Matthew Christopher
07:47 AM on 05/10/2011
Using cash is expensive and annoying. Not sure why anyone would advocate it. Credit cards are amazingly effective at lubricating the economy, it is just the consumers who are stupid about using them.
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mrpotatohead
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11:55 PM on 06/07/2011
Using plastic is also expensive, and more importantly it goes to the bank not the business that is creating value. It's invisible to most people and that's why it's easy to exploit.
09:09 PM on 05/09/2011
I'm with the Banks on this one. I don't want to pay higher banking fees so Home Depot can pocket $35,000,000! I can't even imagine how much Wal Mart plans to pocket. We don't need the government setting prices between businesses. If WM thinks debit is too expensive, they should stop accepting it...that's how it works in a free market.
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allwarisbad
10:51 PM on 05/09/2011
How is it a free-market when Via/MasterCard hold a virtual monopoly over more than 90% of Debit Card users ?
09:29 PM on 05/12/2011
Nobody is forcing merchants to accept debit cards and there are lots of alternatives: cash, checks, credit cards, in-store credit. If debit doesn't work, don't use it. And the courts have found that it's not a monopoly.
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Joe Padilla
Ever hear of a credit union crisis?
12:31 AM on 05/10/2011
I don't want to pay higher prices when I pay with cash to pay for your convenience or JP Morgans profit scheme. Credit card fees should be paid ON TOP of the purchase price otherwise cash buyers pay more for everything. Do you understand that cash buyers are helping to that $35,000,000?

NOT FAIR.
09:31 PM on 05/12/2011
Hey Joe, the merchants don't have to charge you debit card fees when you pay with cash. If they want to, they can deduct the fees when you pay with cash. That's on them, not the banks.
08:21 PM on 05/09/2011
This is a company that was directly responsible for pushing thousands of American factories out of business and destroying small retailers. The business practices of Walmart and other big retailers has destroyed a great deal of diversity in the American economy; you don't need to be an economist to know an economy that's becoming less diverse is an economy going down the toilet. Their business practices have destroyed a massive segment of former middle class consumers. If you want to know why you're getting less services for your tax dollars now you can thank the likes of Walmart.

Earlier Walmart was arguing that online sales should be taxed which would hurt consumers now they're being praised for fighting banking transaction fees that might hurt their own bottom line. This company and its friend in big retail could care less about the American consumer they will do whatever it takes to increase their bottom line, most of the time that doesn't coincide with consumer interests sometimes it does but comes with a number of economy damaging hidden costs.
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Joe Padilla
Ever hear of a credit union crisis?
12:34 AM on 05/10/2011
Yea and Chase was responsible for putting me out of business when they along with 3 other huge banks ruined our economy.

All they are doing is limiting the swipe fee to .12 cents instead of .44 cents. If someone buys a candy bar and puts it on their debit the store will lose money on that and they are required to lose money if they agree to accept credit and debit cards. That's not fair.
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Matthew Christopher
07:48 AM on 05/10/2011
Yeah I really enjoyed going to 15 stores each weekend, so sad to see that time has passed. And by "business practices" I assume you refer to offering lower prices than the competition, which is what every business in the history of the world has done to flourish.
01:23 PM on 05/10/2011
Almost no one spends recklessly enough to need to go to 15 stores a weekend. Yeah maybe before Walmart at most you needed to go to your local hardware store, clothing outlet and grocery store whereas now you just make one trip, are people seriously that lazy. And with more stores we generally had more selection, now you're stuck buying whatever junk they decide import.

Also, as I mentioned Walmart has been one of the loudest voices in raising prices on internet purchases. Furthermore, these low prices also have generally come with a lower quality of product in case you haven't noticed. You may not care that factories and small retailers have gone out of business because it doesn't affect you directly, but guess what, those businesses previously paid taxes and employeed people. Now our government is trying to provide services and take care of unemployed with fewer tax dollars and greater unemployment and everyone has to pay for this in terms of higher debt and increasing inflation. There's no such thing as a free ride.
07:35 PM on 05/09/2011
This is a free market. Wal-Mart is a private business. They can opt-out and not accept credit and debit cards. Cash is not free! There is a overhead to process, deposit, and count the cash. It doesn't magically appear in the cash register and disappear into your bank account at night. Someone must safeguard and transport the cash. Wal-Mart knows this which is why they will not put up a large "CASH ONLY" sign.

Do you really think Wal-Mart is going to pass on the supposed savings to their shoppers? No, they will pocket it for themselves.
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10:09 PM on 05/09/2011
Cash is not free either. Excellent point. I hadn't thought of that.

I come here daily in the hopes of learning something. It rarely happens.

Thatnk you.
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Joe Padilla
Ever hear of a credit union crisis?
01:28 AM on 05/10/2011
They are already paying to process cash since they have to accept it now. That eans they already have a courier and a cashier system in place.
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Matthew Christopher
07:50 AM on 05/10/2011
What is your point? They also already have a system for credit cards in place. I bet walmart would be ecstatic if they could get rid of cash (and especially check) transactions and only use credit cards. Probably the most annoying thing to see in a checkout line is someone fumbling around filling out a check that the cashier then has to scan and print and file. That takes something like 30 times longer than swiping my card. It is a similar story for cash.
06:58 PM on 05/09/2011
HHHmmmm..Picture this: Retailers get to list the swipe fee on the customers receipt, right after the sales tax. Customers that pay cash don't get charged a swipe fee. Customers will then become aware of their banks fees and can shop around for a better deal or just start using cash. Banks will have to compete by lowering fees, so the need for government intervention is eliminated. This will also prevent retailers from "cashing in" on hidden swipe fees.... just saying.
08:34 PM on 05/09/2011
Except that retailers know they sell more when people pay with credit cards which more than makes up for the swipe fees.
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mrpotatohead
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11:59 PM on 06/07/2011
That isn't always true. It seems true to people who don't operate a business, but it's an inaccurate assumption.
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Matthew Christopher
07:51 AM on 05/10/2011
Well the customers who pay cash would need a surcharge for the cost of storing the cash, transporting it to the bank, counting it at the end of the day, etc etc. I mean if we are being honest about costs lets go all th way.
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mrpotatohead
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12:00 AM on 06/08/2011
Businesses have to handle cash already anyway, in addition to electronic transactions.
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meoshi
A Member of We, the People
05:23 PM on 05/09/2011
I agree with you, Mr. Baker........Who was it that said, "Politics make strange bedfellows?" I also grew up hearing the quote, "Beggars can't be choosy." So, as liberals and progressives, we have to take help wherever we find it.........Because we sure do need the help.......
03:53 PM on 05/09/2011
The largest single employer in America is the federal, state, city and local government. A $3.4 trillion annual federal budget employs directly and indirectly more people Wal Mart and Target combined. This is just simple math, the single largest jobs program is the government (metermaids, city bus drivers, school bus drivers, city maintence worker's (cleaning offices) and this is just the low end of the jobs program. And in most case these people are paid better and have better benefits than Wal Mart employees.
04:56 PM on 05/09/2011
So?
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Matthew Christopher
07:52 AM on 05/10/2011
The government doesn't have to make money, as evidenced by the fact that it's budgets have been in the red for pretty much forever.
01:49 PM on 05/19/2011
That's because we're paying the Federal Reserve to make and print our money for us. If we would go back to having our own money, we would no longer have interest payments to worry about and can finally get back to black.

And by your comments Matthew, it's pretty evident where you stand as far as the banking issue, which is BY FAR the main reason why we will FOREVER REMAIN IN DEBT. Which institution do you work for?