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Dean Baker

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The War on Public Sector Workers

Posted: 04/16/2012 1:46 pm

Politicians across the country are using heaping doses of the politics of envy to try to arouse the anger of workers. However, their targets are not the corporate CEOs pulling down tens of millions of dollars a year in pay and bonuses. Nor is it the Wall Street crew that got incredibly rich inflating the housing bubble and then took government handouts to stay alive through the bust. The targets of these politicians' wrath are school teachers, firefighters and other public sector workers.

They are outraged that many of these workers still earn enough to support a middle-class family. Even more outrageous, many of these workers have traditionally defined benefit pensions that assure them of a modicum of comfort in retirement. Having managed to ensure that most workers in the private sector did not benefit much from economic growth over the last three decades, the same upward redistributionist crew is turning their guns on public sector workers.

There are two major deceptions in their story. First, after working to eliminate traditional pensions in the private sector, they now tell us that getting a pension in the form of a guaranteed benefit is hugely more valuable than having the same money placed in a 401(k)-type defined contribution account. Second, after shoving stock down everyone's throat in the bubble years, they now tell us we cannot expect a very good return from investing pension funds in the market.

Starting with the pension story, it is really touching to hear conservatives singing the virtues of defined benefit pensions. They argue that if a state or local government puts $1,000 a year in a defined benefit pension and guarantees the market return for its workers, this is hugely more valuable than if it takes the same $1,000 a year and puts it into a 401(k) type account.

Since most public sector workers still have defined benefit pensions, this is a central part of their story about public sector workers being overpaid. By their calculations, the $1,000 that a government puts into a defined benefit pension today should be counted as being worth close to $2,000 since the government guarantees the return. Doing the math this way goes a long way toward showing that public sector workers are overpaid.

There are a few points that jump out here. First, it is amazing to hear many of the same people who touted the replacement of defined benefit pensions with 401(k) accounts now tell us about the great value of a guaranteed pension. When we do the math their way, it means that ordinary workers have even less to show from economic growth over the last three decades, since so many workers have lost pensions in this period.

The complaints of these conservative economists also make great reading when put side by side with their plans to privatize Social Security and get rid of its guaranteed benefit. When we were talking about cutting back protections for hundreds of millions of workers and their families we were not supposed to take into account the value of a guaranteed benefit. Now that we are talking about cutting the pay of public sector workers, it is essential to include the value of the guarantee in the calculation. Is it any wonder that so many people have contempt for economists?

Finally, it is important to keep our eye on the ball here. The extra value comes from the guarantee. There is no gain to the government if it replaces pensions with 401(k) accounts as many have advocated and some governments have done. The argument is not that the state is paying too much; the argument is that the worker is getting too much because of the value of the guarantee. If we eliminate a guaranteed benefit we have just taken away the workers' retirement security, we have not saved the taxpayers a penny.

The other part of the story is the claim that the returns being assumed by public pensions on their investments are overly optimistic. This one is really, really painful.

Some of us were making this argument at the top of our lungs back in the late '90s, when price to earnings ratios in the stock market were over 30. We continued to make this argument in the last decade when price to earnings ratios were still well into the 20s, far above historic averages. However we couldn't get anyone to listen back then, because the complaint about exaggerated stock returns did not fit the agenda of the upward redistributionists.

Now that the upward redistributionists have put the attack on public pensions at the top of their agenda it is convenient to raise concerns about overly-optimistic returns. However, now that the stock market has plunged (pensions have already taken their hits) their concerns are wrong. In fact, pension funds are being very reasonable in their return projections. Those familiar with arithmetic know that it would be almost impossible for them to earn a substantial lower rate of return, barring a complete collapse of the economy.

So, welcome to the latest episode in the long-running battle to redistribute ever more income to the rich. Having already achieved great success in depressing the pay of workers throughout the private sector, the call is to cut the pay and benefits of workers in the public sector. Won't you join the cause?

 

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Politicians across the country are using heaping doses of the politics of envy to try to arouse the anger of workers. However, their targets are not the corporate CEOs pulling down tens of millions of...
Politicians across the country are using heaping doses of the politics of envy to try to arouse the anger of workers. However, their targets are not the corporate CEOs pulling down tens of millions of...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
05:21 AM on 04/19/2012
The writer overlooks a very important point.

A VAST amount of the money spent at the local level is derived from property tax - sales tax - and various user fees. These revenues are not subject to the profits of nor derived from the profits of large Corporations.

These monies are derived from the pocket of that part of the 99% who work in the private sector and add value to goods and services.

The REAL war at the local level is NOT between giant Corporations and the local public worker.

The real adversaries in that divide are the public service worker whose salary and benefit package cost normally exceeds 70% of the locals budget and the people and small local businesses who are being hammered by property tax and sales tax.

The public worker who is effectively paid with a slice of private sector value adding jobs is taking more from the puddle than the local tax payer can afford. To blame that on giant and distant corporations is simply a misleading and useless argument that simply diverts attention from the real point where the wheel touches the ground.
09:56 PM on 04/17/2012
Read this story: http://www.capitolweekly.net/article.php?xid=y5qn8ger3ylp9c

Public sector employees gamed the system in the past in California. Some of the abuses have since been stopped. But the pensions are still too damn high.

Read Peter Nowicki's story here: http://whostolemycareer.com/posts/92/3286-the-curious-case-of-peter-nowicki.html

The public employee unions have brought the wrath of the public on themselves. The unions, especially the public safety unions, were just too greedy.
10:59 AM on 04/17/2012
Private sector workers get no pension, few benefits and no raises most of the time. Since they are the ones financing public sector workers it is literally worker vs. worker with the public sector unions winning big time because they are organized, scream the loudest and threaten politicians with tens of thousands of votes.

Until private sector workers stand up for themselves by voting out all incumbents in *all* elections, save their money, refuse to incur debt and give themselves a pension, nothing will change.

Finally - NO....public workers do NOT pay their own wages and pensions (duh) - they can be paid their after tax salary with no taxes and nothing changes (ie pay a $60K cop who pays $15K in taxes - $45K instead and nothing changes). Tax private sector workers at 0% and it is literally game over.

A $50,000 pension taken over 30 years is $1.5 Million - a winning lottery ticket for every cop, teacher, firefighter in the nation - at the expense of much higher property taxes, income taxes (state) and sales tax.
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
08:39 AM on 04/17/2012
funny listening to all these righty ideologues begrudging middle class workers their pay and retirements yet have no problem with the obscene amounts of money wall streeters "make"
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
06:42 AM on 04/18/2012
If you can not see the difference nobody will ever be able to explain it to you.

I will try however to get you at the starting line.

Private income is derived from and contributes to production. It is self sustaining.

Public income is also derived from production .... However it is not self sustaining because it adds no production to the mix.

So .. One adds economic value ... The other takes from that value.

It behooves those adding value to be careful how much they pay lest they end up working only for the public sectors benefit.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JustinP213
I dislike all political parties.
01:16 PM on 04/18/2012
Well, I am not tethered to any political ideology, so I look at each issue in an objective manner. I think CERTAIN public union retirement packages are obscene. But, I also find the MAJORITY of CEOs pay packages obscene. So, there.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
05:25 AM on 04/19/2012
So there ????

Hardly an objective ending.

CEO's who are overpaid are taking from ownership not the public -- Public Employees take from their fellow 99%.

When the "help" pressures the economic well being of the people paying the "help" it becomes time to change the financial equation.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
RagaMuffin
Fighting ignorance & stupidity 1 post at a time
07:55 AM on 04/17/2012
It's time to play "Remember When"!

Remember when government employees were civil servants?

Remember when you graduated with your degree and the last job that you would look for was a job in public service?

Remember you said you wouldn't work that type of job because they were over worked and under-paid?

Remember when you demanded a smaller government but complained about the poor quality of service when ever you had to conduct business with them?

Remember when you went to conduct some type of business with the government and was amazed by all the handicapped people working there?

Remember when you had a mind of your own and understood the true value public servants other than politicians?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
06:01 AM on 04/17/2012
I do not know if public workers are over paid. I do think that they are paid more than the public can afford. It is a small but important difference.

The write in particular mentioned teachers, firefighters, and police. It is interesting to note that these three groups are largely paid by local tax, normally property based. It can be further inferred that because of the major funding source is in fact working America and that working America is apparently taking issue with local budgets, that just perhaps working America has an issue with the cost of its Public Workers.

In my area, a generally healthy economic region, there is a huge outcry at the cost and rate of increase in local budgets. As matter of fact the outcry has become so loud that most areas public entities have limited increases to under a couple of percent and in some cases actually decreased the budget.

In every instance of belt tightening the loudest yell has come from Union reps. It is of course their job to preserve these jobs and associated costs. HOWEVER ...

Where we seem to often miss the point is that the entity paying for these jobs is essentially one that has a responsibility to get the service performed with the least people and at the least cost reasonable. Government should NEVER be viewed as a job service.
itolduso
lateral thinker
02:10 PM on 04/17/2012
Over the past decade, local, state, and county governments have taken to 'bribing' corporations, factories, and businesses to relocate in their towns with 'taxdollars' - more than just 'tax forgiveness'- these 'incentives' have morphed into an obscene plundering of taxdollars that should be used for infrastructure, education, utilities, services and the PAY AND BENEFITS that are EARNED by those who SERVE US as teachers, firefighters, clerks, crossing guards, and police. Big Box stores (and other corporate entities) build on lots that taxpayers paid for, they receive roads, streetlights, utility lines and sewers at taxpayer expense. They receive taxpayer funded grants to cover their landscaping and facade, they are allowed to keep the salestax they collect, along with the state-income tax they withhold from their underpaid workers....and they are granted decades of not paying tax on their profits. Because they 'promise' to 'create jobs'. THAT'S why local, county, and state budgets can't cover the costs of paying the people that actually DO JOBS.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
02:33 PM on 04/17/2012
You might be surprised to know that essentially I agree with you. I just think you over simplify.

A lot of the "incentives" are a result of a need to overcome the disincentives of the tax structure. The solution is not going to be found in increasing a businesses cost -- The result of that is aptly illustrated in the ongoing flight of production which has left us with basically a service economy.

It should also be noted that the majority of those grants do not originate at the local level -- They are state and federal. Still grants b of little consequence to the local budget. PROPERTY tax breaks on the other hand do impact local budgets. Even then those breaks are normally temporary reductions of tax and still add to the local budget more than the empty lot being replaced, and usually at a rate that exceeds the cost to a town county. In fact studies in our town (we are not the only town that have conducted them with the same result) clearly show that a housing development or apartment complex exert a much larger cost in excess of property tax than a commercial venture does. This is largely because of the cost impact on those specific services you mention.

Continued
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
02:37 PM on 04/17/2012
I know of NO Business that is allowed to keep sales tax -- Would appreciate some proof of that -- also NO business keeps its employees state income tax legally -- again show me the proof.

BUT -- AGAIN -- I do agree that the tax breaks need to stop --- To make that work however will require a comprehensive tax overhaul and that is simply not on the horizon on either the right, the left, or the middle.

I stand by my statement .....

I do not know if public workers are over paid ,,,, BUT ... They ARE paid more than the current system can afford.

and really ..... Without comprehensive overhaul this is the system we are stuck with.
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Kai-HK
Don't Share My Wealth! Share My Work Ethic!
03:59 AM on 04/17/2012
Public Sector Workers are overpaid and they are taking advantage of the poor who have to support their bloated rent seeking. The public unions must be broken so the poor have a chance in the US.
03:04 AM on 04/17/2012
For ordinary American workers, it is a race to the bottom.....

The rich want to see just how low they can go with the salaries and benefits of the workers.

And too many working stiff Repug voters do NOT get it.
10:06 PM on 04/16/2012
I wonder why . . .

http://redtape.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2010/10/05/6345539-20-government-workers-with-super-sized-pay

In California: A pension check and an unemployment check ?

There's no hard data on these special kinds of double dippers, but to give you a flavor, reporter Robert Lewis found that 53 former sheriff's deputies in Sacramento County collected a total of $300,000 in unemployment benefits last year, along with their regular pensions.

----

In Illinois suburb, a $435K parks director with a $166K pension

In Highland Park, Ill., a northern Chicago suburb, park district Executive Director Ralph Volpe and the local parks commission provide an instructive example. Volpe's salary in 2008 was $164,000, but the commission added $270,000 in bonuses. That raise was nice, but even nicer was the step up in his pension, which is based on an his last-year salary. The bonuses helped bump Volpe's pension up by more than $50,000 per year. The $166,000 he'll make annually now that he's retired exceeds his top base salary for the job.

----

Clarkstown, N.Y. -- an average salary of $150,000

Disclosures that retiring police Capt. Thomas Purtill pulled down $543,000 last year –- tops for all municipal workers in New York state. Purtill wasn't alone: Four of the top 10 municipal workers among the state's 1,500 municipalities were Clarkstown cops. Nearly 150 of Clarkstown's 173-member police force earned six figure salaries in 2009, not including overtime, for an average salary of $151,000.

---
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Kai-HK
Don't Share My Wealth! Share My Work Ethic!
04:00 AM on 04/17/2012
These parasitic rent seekers are awful!
08:54 PM on 04/16/2012
That is funny. All of the politicians in LA (Los Angeles or Latin America, take your pick) are Democrats who have basically given the public sector workers exactly what they wanted for decades. Now the Controller says that LA is heading towards bankruptcy and more cuts are on the way. They will lop thousands more teachers this year and probably get rid of their cradle to grave early and late education programs. The reality is that the older workers in the public sectors (retirees and soon to retire) are gobbling up all of the resources and there is not much left for new workers. It is the same for the way Medicare and spending are piling federal debts on younger generations with one big exception: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS A BIG OLD PRINTING PRESS THAT THE CITIES DO NOT HAVE. They can no loger pay on Tuesday for a hamburger today. Make sure you live in a solvent city.
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Kai-HK
Don't Share My Wealth! Share My Work Ethic!
04:00 AM on 04/17/2012
True that!
07:43 PM on 04/16/2012
The private sector provides us with food, shelter, and clothing. Why should the public sector employees be paid more than those in private industry?
03:08 AM on 04/17/2012
Workers in private industry have had their salaries stagnate (or cut) and benefits decreased.

And now it is the turn of the public sector workers.

****Isn't it so nice that lots of workers will be paid so little? {sarcasm}

At least the Repug working class will also deal with the consequences of a race to the bottom for wages and benefits.
It wouldn't be "fair" if only the Dems suffered.
{sarcasm}
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
emmanuel kalu
information is knowledge, knowledge in power
05:24 PM on 04/16/2012
if you don't understand the grand plan of the republicans, you would never understand what is happening to this country. Their grand plan for a long time is to create a modern day slave workers, and you can see this from their actions and the policies the continue to push. they have taken away most of the pillars of worker benefits.They have taken away saving in the traditional sense, now you can only save by giving your money to a bank in form of a CD or mutual funds. pension, has also being destroyed, switch to 401ks and all that crazy kind of retirement account. now they are going after SS the last pillar of retirement for workers, working ever so hard to move it to wall street. why do they do that? because all three new retirement pillar generate huge fee for the rich and wall street, while giving them worker money to gamble. the most recent attack is on your healthcare, seeing that they have being successful in destroying the only method most workers use in acquiring wealth their homes. after destroying your homes and kicking you out, they want to now rent it to you. ensuring upward wealth distribution, while the destroy the one agencies that allow the worker to own homes. Republicans final attack, your heathcare, via medicare and mediaid. the simply goal, create workers that are depend on the rich and the corporation for everything, continue to surpress wages. modern day slavery.
03:10 AM on 04/17/2012
On the other hand, remember what happened to Marie Antoinette and company and why.

Just saying.......
04:36 PM on 04/16/2012
The guaranteed return for defined benefit is nonsense. Money invested directly or indirectly on a worker's behalf in many instruments is subject to market forces. The COLA for public pensions is absurd, and almost never matched in the private pension world - what is left of it. The early retirement of many public jobs, most having nothing to do with physical work, adds insult to injury. A teacher retires in his early 50s, with a COLAed pension that doubles in less than 20 years? Why? I am sure they worked hard but who steps off the ladder that soon. Firefighters need to retire at 39? really? Even desk-bound ones? The system is rife with loopholes and abuse. It is not a partisan issue {see Rhode Island for a good example of what happens when this is ignored.}
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
04:22 PM on 04/16/2012
So very true. when the 401k was first conceived it was intended as a supplemental investment to the traditional pension plan. Companies soon realized it was a way to shed their pension obligations off on the worker. Wall Street soon realized it was another vast souce of other peoples money for them to gamble at the casino, which is also why they have been licking their chops to "privatize" social security
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A level Head
Consumption not investment requires subsidy
06:07 AM on 04/17/2012
To simple .... Generally 401K plans are controlled by the individual with regards to investment choice. I have never seen a plan that did not include very safe fixed return options. The worker is no less greedy than the banker. he chose more often than not to chase larger returns instead of taking the safety of a fixed return.

It seems that many only consider one greedy if they SUCCESSFULLY chase money -- Those who chase money and lose are too often painted as victims when they are in fact simply people who lost the chase.
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
08:21 AM on 04/17/2012
if only that were true. even the so called "safe" options lost money big in 01 and 08. and the reality is despite some having choices of investing options yyou have very little control where and how your money is "invested" not to mention all the hidden fees
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
08:27 AM on 04/17/2012
"Unlike defined benefit ERISA plans or banking institution savings accounts, there is no government insurance for assets held in 401(k) accounts. Plans of sponsors experiencing financial difficulties, sometimes have funding problems"
07:34 AM on 04/17/2012
"Companies soon realized it was a way to shed their pension obligations"
Perhaps true... of companies offered pensions. But at no time in our country's history did a majority of employers offer pensions. Thus, when companies first recognized as a potential means to contribute tax-deferred income for retirement, it was a new benefit for many, if not most, workers in the U.S.

P.S.: The 401(k) was not first conceived as a supplemental investment to the traditional pension plan. It was conceived as a means to reduce one individual's tax obligation. As Annie Savoy would say, "You can look it up."
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
08:19 AM on 04/17/2012
obviously you weren't around when they were doing the "sell job" on the 401k. because it was promoted as just what I said - a supplemental investment.

It does not reduce your tax obligation as the taxes are deferred to when you withdraw the money from the account.

My first career job out of college had a traditional penison and you had the option of the "suplemental" 401k in addtion to it
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cyclone70
When one facepalm isn't enough
08:29 AM on 04/17/2012
there is the traditional 401k where taxes are deferred (but you are still obligated) and the Roth style that is paid into with after tax funds with no deferrment, however you are limited in usages of the roth funds or there may be penaties
03:58 PM on 04/16/2012
According to Investors Business Daily , the average recent college grad with a degree that isn't in the sciences has a median income of $17,000. In Los Angeles we have brain dead building inspectors who dont have any college degrees working a couple hrs/ day and getting paid over 100,000.Govt employees get paid almost 3X the median income.
In Calif , teachers in private schools get paid far less than public school teachers and have far less generous pensions.
Despite alleged austerity , federal spending is up under Obama and employment in the private sector is way down.
There are prison psychiatrists in Calif making over $800,000 . How much would they get in the private sector. .Many constuction workers and other bue collar types seek govt jobs in Calif because they will work little and get paid more than in the private sector.
Prison guards in Ca can start working at 40 and retire at 50 with almost 100% of their former pay.
Spending on govt employee pay and benefits is up by over two thirds in Ca in the last decade
06:37 PM on 04/16/2012
evidence, please...preferably NOT from IBD. How about citing facts rather than talking points. Perhaps these ARE facts, but I'd like to see the evidence. It would help if it was from a gov website and not from a conservative position palace...(err think tank)
06:42 PM on 04/16/2012
Well, umm, err, well, ahem, you must just dispise the true blue, American middle class. You must be an evil one percenter?

Just kidding my ex-coworker's saw the writing on the walls, went to work for the city of fort Wayne. They are laughing all the way to the bank, lot's of controllable O.T., gravy work, all of them getting fatter as we speak.

I don't blame them, they are reaping what we have sewn, poor work ethic, lack of accountability, top notch union negotiated wages and benefits. As long as people don't remind us that we are paying for that "I'm not upset"
08:46 PM on 04/18/2012
i am for the overworked underapid private sector , not the underworked overpaid public one.