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Dean Baker

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There Is No Santa Claus and Bill Clinton Was Not an Economic Savior

Posted: 12/25/2012 2:54 pm

The truth is often painful but nonetheless it is important that we live in the real world. Just as little kids have to come to grips with the fact that there is no Santa Claus, it is necessary for millions of liberals, including many who think of themselves as highly knowledgeable about economic matters, to realize that President Clinton's policies sent the economy seriously off course.

In Washington it is common to tout the budget surpluses of the Clinton years as some momentous achievement, as though the point of economic policy is to run budget surpluses. Of course the point of economic policy is to produce an economy that improves the lives of the people in a sustainable way. Clinton badly flunked this test.

The Clinton economy was driven by a stock bubble. This is not a debatable point. The ratio of market-wide stock prices to corporate earnings was well over 30 to 1 at the peak of the bubble in 2000. This is more than twice the historic average.

This run-up in stock prices drove the economy in two ways. First, since any good huckster could make millions selling shares in dot.whatever, we had many hucksters starting nutball businesses that never had a prayer of making a profit. This is not much of a long-run economic strategy, but in the short-term it led to an increase in investment.

The other way that the bubble drove the economy is through the wealth effect on consumption. The run-up in stock prices generated roughly $10 trillion in bubble wealth. The wealth effect from stock is usually estimated to be 3-4 cents on the dollar. This would mean that the bubble generated between $300 billion to $400 billion annually in additional consumption. This would have been 3-4 percent of GDP at the time ($480 billion to $560 billion annually in today's economy). This is born out in the Commerce Department's data which show that the saving rate fell from close to 7 percent at the start of the 1990s to around 2.0 percent at the peak of the bubble in 2000.

This was the economy that President Clinton handed to President Bush in January of 2001. It was an economy that was being carried by an unsustainable bubble that, in fact, already was in the process of deflating at the time Bush took office. The S&P 500 was more than 10 percent below its 2000 peak and the NASDAQ was down by more than 40 percent on the day that Bush took office. This pretty much guaranteed the recession that began in March of 2001 just as the collapse of the housing bubble placed President Obama in the middle of terrible recession in January of 2009.

The 2001 recession was the main reason that the surplus vanished in the 2002 fiscal year. Directing tax cuts to the wealthy was a foolish policy response to the downturn, but it was reasonable to turn to fiscal stimulus following the collapse of the stock bubble, just as it was reasonable for President Obama to turn to fiscal stimulus following the collapse of the housing bubble. The Bush tax cuts did provide a boost to the economy, although they would have provided a larger boost if this money had been directed at moderate and middle income people or devoted to long-term investments like education and infrastructure.

The growth of the housing bubble eventually provided the boost needed to recover from the 2001 recession, just as the stock bubble propelled growth in the 1990s. As the economy got back near full employment in 2006 and 2007, the deficits shrank to sustainable levels.

However, while the deficits were sustainable in the later years of the Bush presidency, the housing bubble was not. Its collapse gave us the most predictable economic disaster in human history, even if all our top economists somehow didn't see it.

To have a sustainable growth path we have to reverse one of the other central policies of the Clinton years, the over-valued dollar. This policy, which was put in place when Robert Rubin became Treasury Secretary, ensured that we would have large trade deficits. The trade deficits were good news for Wall Street with its obsession over inflation. It was also good news for companies looking to move operations overseas to take advantage of cheap labor.

However, the high dollar was terrible news for the country's workers, who were placed at an enormous competitive disadvantage. It resulted in the loss of more than 4 million manufacturing jobs. It was also bad news for anyone who doesn't think that bubbles are a clever way to drive the economy.

Rubin and his allies control the Democratic Party with their money at the moment. Their financial power will not be easily overcome. However, it is important that people understand that the Rubin-Clinton team is every bit as much about redistributing money from the rest of us to the very rich as the Republicans.

The big difference is that, unlike the Republicans, the Rubin-Clinton crew believes that the rich should have to pay their taxes. That's something, but until there is someone in this debate who isn't pushing policies that redistribute before-tax income upward, the vast majority in this country can only lose.

 

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The truth is often painful but nonetheless it is important that we live in the real world. Just as little kids have to come to grips with the fact that there is no Santa Claus, it is necessary for mil...
The truth is often painful but nonetheless it is important that we live in the real world. Just as little kids have to come to grips with the fact that there is no Santa Claus, it is necessary for mil...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
dbrett480
07:41 PM on 01/08/2013
I think the credit Clinton gets is less for the economy and more for his management of the budget.
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12:18 PM on 12/30/2012
Thanks to Dean Baker for putting the so-called "Clinton prosperity" into perspective.

Beyond an economy benefiting from the unsustainable dot com bubble, Clinton worked with the GOP to give us trade agreements that shipped U.S. jobs and technological advantages abroad, repeal of Glass Steagall protections opening the door wide for Wall Street abuses, the shredding of the social safety net, and unchecked promotion of exploitative sub-prime mortgage lending, all of which contributed to the eventual economic collapse.

The familiar Clinton spin about the Clinton years is "what part of peace and prosperity" didn't you like? My answer is the part of "peace" that was waging war in eastern Europe and with Iraq without calling it war, accounting ending and damaging millions of innocent lives, and the part of "prosperity" that was a ticking time bomb that eventually helped collapse the economy.
10:57 PM on 01/09/2013
And things are oh so much chippier in Obama Land
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04:25 AM on 01/10/2013
Economically, nope.  Not yet.  Still lots of fallout from Clinton and Bush damage.  It took Franklin Roosevelt THREE terms to get the nation out of the Depression, and he had responsible, functioning Congresses to help, unlike today.
02:17 PM on 12/28/2012
"INVESTMENT"? ???
There you go again!
You say, ". . . long-term investments like education and infrastructure."

Was it not Clinton who invented calling tax-and-spend "investment," just as Ross Perot popularized the buzz word "infrastructure"? Government spending is generally not investment! Dumping money into education is NOT investment. The more the govt offers up in student support, the higher the institutions push their prices.

The fact is that the tax/spend structure must be put in hierarchical regulation.
First, it must be decided how much revenue the govt will suck up in tax. What is a fair amount for the people to pay. I put it to you that apart from defense, 10 percent is well enough; a 10 percent that by its nature taxes the rich more than the poor (10 percent of a million is a lot more than 10 percent of 100 dollars). Once this is determined, the congress has to debate it out & fight it out on what will be spent for what. They have got to get it thru their blood-sucking heads that "This is all you get! Make do!" As the percent of tax gets higher & higher, the tax-payers are becoming more & more slaves of the govt.

I do not include in the above a retirement system, like Social Security, which should be financed by the contributions from the future recipients.
05:06 AM on 12/28/2012
In addition to all of the above, Clinton's renewed push of the Carter Administration's Community Reinvestment Act was a major cause of the housing crisis starting in 2008. This government act heavily pressured banks to grant mortgage loans to minorities in order to increase their chances of becoming home owners. This led to a huge shift in creative financing practices, allowing unqualified buyers to obtain loans they were destined to default on because they simply coudn't handle the payments to begin with. Thus, the housing bubble occurred a decade later as many of these loans starting going to foreclosure.
05:06 AM on 01/02/2013
The 'creative' financing practices were Illegal! Lenders printed out W-2s with false income numbers, & then told these 1st time home buyers that it was ok. They'd get falsified appraisals. The law did not tell lenders to commit fraud! GE had a division selling mortgages. Been in the press - the lawsuit documents describing the operation was posted. Described what I wrote plus a lot more details. This was taking place all over with big & small outfits. Wall St. Fraudsters/ Banksters knew it - they were making tons of $$$ SAYING they were AAA rated, since the Rating Agencies said so-- in on it/ had to make Their share! They were selling the securities like hot cakes, & they Knew they were Toxic. E-mails/ whistle blowers, etc., have proven it. My point is - the opportunity to buy a home by Minorities / White lower income people was available. They were 1st timers. They were Sold a Swamp so to speak by the lenders. Before long--foreclosed on. The lender got Their commission/ $$!! That company sold the Toxic loan to banks who were Begging for more. The bubble burst & taxpayers got left holding the bill! Banksters/ Fraudsters got Richer. Elizabeth Warren says the market is Rigged! (in Congress/ Advocate for the Consumer/ 99%!) She grew up with very little money. Her dad was ill, or died - I can't remember. She & her husband have plenty now, but she remembers & wants to protect/ & help others.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mochaview
My micro-bio approves boycotting corporations
12:01 AM on 12/28/2012
Dean Baker, you're not discussing Bill Clinton's welfare destroying practices done entirely to assuage the feelings of Whites who would otherwise vote Republican. The ideology was that poor minorities refuse to work and on welfare because they're lazy/ incapable. The massive majority of Whites on welfare weren't mentioned. These policies cutting welfare down to just 5 years was done at the same time jobs were being sent overseas. So, the poor people, who don't own capitalism and haven't inherited unearned skin privileges like many just like Clinton did because the Irish lobbied congress to be classified racially as White (Book: "When the Irish Became White") allowing them to step aside from institutionalized racism hindering access to resources/education and allowing them to participate in social security/FHA Housing/GI Bill/Housing developments(Levittown,NY)/suburbs where poor Blacks/Hispanics were FORCED TO CONTRIBUTE TAXES TO PAY FOR BUT WHERE NOT ALLOWED BY LAW TO PARTICIPATE IN, allows the gains from those homes and that education to be inherited generation after generation along with the land of slaughtered Native Indians to place all of it upon and the luxury to pretend like it never happened.
These last few years employers have refused to hire the unemployed forcing more people into homelessness and desperation once their unemployment benefits run out and aren't extended. They are near suicidal once reaching public assistance which lasts only 5 years in an era when jobs are being outsourced and will never return.
11:24 PM on 12/27/2012
wow, Mr. Baker, you saw the bubble coming from way back in 1992 ? (because no one else called it a "bubble" before, like, 1998...
wsdave
Abusive or Insulting? I won't be responding.
04:16 AM on 12/28/2012
Nobody called the tech bubble a bubble before 1998? Bubbles are pretty obvious, since basically every time the economy is doing well, it's because of one. That goes back to at least the 20's.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Ray Mehan
11:14 PM on 12/27/2012
Finally a liberal willing to speak the truth about Clinton.
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12:19 PM on 12/30/2012
and it is a very said truth.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
shankapotomus
07:47 PM on 12/27/2012
This is why i hate the media, just see how they make democrats look good, look at what they did with Obama.
12:22 AM on 12/28/2012
I don't get your post...a large portion of Americans have come to the realization that the media is 95% extreme leftist progressive aka democrats nee marxist, by their own admission. What they did for Obama was do the bidding of O's handlers...you cannot hear, see or read anything about politics today without a condemnation of the right...event though we all understand the underpinnings of the "dems"....the bias is so thick and ugly!
05:08 AM on 01/02/2013
hey - your post indicates you didn't read the article!
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MacTheCat
Those Clouds You See Aren't really clouds at all
06:24 PM on 12/27/2012
Wonder why we haven't heard of the ultimate solution from the one man who, more than any other, is responsible for this Depression: Sanford J. Weill whose greed and lust for power propelled the Clinton admin, with much help from Rubin and Rahm to repeal Glass Steagall and eventually give Weill a $140 Million Dollar pay day for his efforts?

You'd think the man who planted the seeds for our Derivative based mortgage destruction would have something to say about how to undo it, hmmm?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
shankapotomus
06:06 PM on 12/27/2012
Sir i have been telling them this for a year but they just don't believe it.
11:39 PM on 12/27/2012
I've been telling it since 1999. A lot of opposition from the lame Democrat Party media machine.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
mdabe80
05:53 PM on 12/27/2012
Long overdue article. Balancing the budget was done by taking SS funds for a bit. Clinton NEVER had this country sovent.
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niweldit6
03:22 PM on 12/27/2012
The Left and some Democrats will n ot be able to understand this article.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
bushywhacky
Gods' crash-test dummy
07:37 PM on 12/27/2012
byte me
12:24 AM on 12/28/2012
I sincerely hope your post is sarcasm...if not, please use your spell checker...because you actually prove niweidit6's comment!
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maclfam
03:00 PM on 12/27/2012
The dollar is one major issue. The other is the decline of the middle class (about which Mr. Baker has written), which has been steady since President Reagan and continued through the Clinton years. The dot.com bubble, then the housing bubble masked the real decline in spending power. The housing crash removed more than $1T from the economy (again, from Mr. Baker) and has finally revealed the devastation to the American economy that has been caused by the decline in middle class earning power. I believe the origin of this decline was Reagan's decertification of the Air Traffic Controllers, which made it acceptable to union bust. Follow the graphs: the decline in unionism almost exactly parallels the decline in real wages. Until jobs return to America, especially manufacturing, the country will founder. There are some signs that this is starting: GE, Otis, and the Auto industry are slowly coming around. See tha lastest The Altantic for two interesting articles on this subject.
09:32 PM on 12/27/2012
Why can't Americans realize the big business/conservative movement began with Goldwater. When he did so badly at the polls, they realized they had to have converts, they began with Evangelical Christians, worked on the blue collor worker (it is hard to believe how many blue collar workers believed in Reagan after he helped cut their throats), worked to convert industrial states, Catholics and people of the Jewish faith. During this period of time, from Goldwater to Reagan, is when all the issues were brought up, right to life, gays, etc., etc., to divide the nation. Then add people like Rush Limbaugh and his ilk and Evangelical TV preachers who have done nothing but divide this country and you have the conservative movement who only have big business and the military/industrial complex at heart. And of course,according to their thinking, the execs and stockholders of the corporaitons are much more important than the worker, white or blue collar.
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maclfam
06:54 AM on 12/28/2012
I agree. I always date it to Reagan because he got elected and started the national agenda. It did start with Goldwater. But I also tie it to the Civil Rights laws. Democrats were traditionally a conservative Southern party, and the Republicans were the Northern party (Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt!). The Civil Rights laws swapped the parties! So the conservative, evangelical South moved to the Republicans as the conservative movement gathered steam.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Bayard Waterbury
social philosopher
02:25 PM on 12/27/2012
This is a great article that really doesn't go to a complete up-to-date conclusion. Once again, we are stuck with a president who is not of the Democratic progressive party, but who, rather, as with his recent and past predecessors, simply a president, as with our Congress, who represents the wealth and power of this country (and perhaps the world, truth be told). A deeper look into what points were made in this, and as an overview, our ruling class, call them the Plutocratic party, is just that. It's just the story of humanity, where the law of our jungle says that those who have get theirs on the banks of those who haven't. It's time to face facts. America is not a glorious democracy. It has become a country run by wealth which tries to control the rest of the world very imperialistically. Why else would the world's "greatest" nation have it's military spread over more than 800 military bases around the globe, many in places where their presence is seriously hated and resented. Yes, Dean, the most recent past presidents have records which, upon close examination, do not bear up to be virtuous in any aspect. The real question is, are the 99.9% who kowtow make a decision to stand up against this evil form of tyranny?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Pearlswan
Born in Philly yet my heart's now in Frisco
01:53 PM on 12/27/2012
I've been saying this for years and no one would believe me. Thank-you, Dean Baker, for calling it like you see it. Finally, the truth is out about the Bill Clinton presidency. Redistribution of wealth upward has been in the mix for the past 30 years, at least. Workers, wake up and unite!
06:48 PM on 12/27/2012
And part of that redistribution was to Bill and Hillary Clinton whose worth was very little as they entered the White House. Now they are worth over $100 million -- no one can make that kind of money just by making speeches after leaving the presidency. The only way I could take any of these people seriously is when their worth is that of the middle class they preach they are protecting. Harry Truman went to Washington with very little worth. As he left Washington, he returned to his mother-in-law's home and had little income. There was no pension even for the president which was passed into law. Clinton's main goal was to increase his wealth -- not yours -- and anyone believing otherwise needs to contact me . . . . I have a bridge to sell you!!!
11:42 PM on 12/27/2012
Baker, a darling of the national main stream media and the far left, has been laying this out since 1999 (specifically in regards to the Clinton legacy).

This is the proof of how biased the national MSM is. They'll quote him - invite him on - reference him - anytime they can use him against the conservatives, but they censor his voice, and most any voices which challenge their agenda.
05:14 AM on 01/02/2013
How was this article used against the conservatives? I'm sleep deprieved & I missed it. Or I read it correctly & it didn't.