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Dean Baker

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Time Is on Our Side: The Survival of Social Security

Posted: 01/16/12 07:07 PM ET

As we approach budget time we can look forward to another burst of hand wringing by the Washington elites, who will once again tell us about the need to cut Social Security and Medicare. News stories and opinion columns will be filled with solemn pronouncements about how these programs must be curtailed before they drive the nation to bankruptcy.

We can look forward to that famously deceptive graph showing how the cost of Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid are projected to soar as a share of the economy over the next two or three decades. Those with good eyes will notice that it is the cost of Medicare and Medicaid that are soaring, not Social Security.

This is primarily due to the projected explosion of private sector health care costs, not the impact of aging on the cost of the programs. That would lead honest people to focus on the need to get U.S. health care costs in line with costs in every other country in the world, but no one ever said that the Washington elites were honest.

But this is old hat. We know that the elites tell stories to advance their agenda. What is worth noting -- and celebrating -- is that thus far they have failed.

They have been pushing this line for the last twenty years, yet during this period there have been no substantial cuts to either Social Security or Medicare. This is a great victory for the vast majority of the country, the 99 percent, over the One Percent.

This fact is truly an impressive accomplishment. It is not only the Republicans who want to cut these programs; top leaders in the Democratic Party have repeatedly indicated their willingness to cut these programs.

President Clinton was all set to go along with a plan that would have reduced the annual cost of living adjustment for Social Security by as much as 1.1 percentage points. Had he gotten his way back in 1997, many seniors would be getting checks that are more than 10 percent smaller today. This sort of cut could have been devastating for people struggling to survive in the wreckage created by the incredible economic mismanagement of the last 15 years.

More recently, President Obama indicated his willingness to support an increase in the age of eligibility for Medicare and a cut of 0.3 percentage points in the annual cost of living adjustment for Social Security. These cuts would be a great hardship to tens of millions of near retirees who have seen much or all of their wealth destroyed by the collapse of the housing bubble.

In addition to those openly advocating cuts to these programs, Washington is also filled with a large number of "good cops." These are people who ostensibly support these programs. The good cops tell us that we are better off taking a deal in the long-run, because otherwise the bad guys will come back with even more powerful ammunition and push through larger cuts to Social Security and Medicare.

No one can know the motives among this group of good cops, but the fact is that they have repeatedly been proven wrong. If we had taken their advice back in the 90s, seniors today would already be receiving much lower benefits.

And, there is no reason to think that once cuts were put in place that the elites won't come back for more. After all, those of us who remember the 2000 presidential race know that any improvement in the budget situation is an argument for more tax cuts. And tax cuts will inevitably mean that we will have more pressure in the future for budget cuts.

The other important part of the argument for delay is the demographic fact that we hear repeated endlessly. The country is aging. The huge baby boom cohort is reaching the eligibility ages for Social Security and Medicare.

This means that the percentage of the electorate directly affected by these programs is rising every year. As hard as it was politically to make cuts in these 15 years ago, it will be much harder in 2014 or 2016, when the percentage of the adult population eligible for Social Security will be almost 20 percent larger. Better yet, if we can delay to 2020 the Social Security eligible population will be close to 30 percent larger as a share of the adult population.

With older people voting in much higher ratios than young people, there are not likely to be many politicians anxious to support cuts to the programs they depend upon. And, contrary to the stories of the Washington elite, the support of seniors for these programs is not driven by greed. It is driven by the fact that they recognize the importance of these programs in their own lives. They want to ensure that their children and grandchildren will enjoy the same security in their own age.

The moral of this story is that we should celebrate the work of hundreds of thousands of people across the country who have blocked the Washington elite to cut Social Security and Medicare. And remember, the future is on our side.

 

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06:13 PM on 01/17/2012
One of the things the author did not address is why time may not be on the side of Social Security. When Social Security was initiated the trend in American business employment was larger and larger businesses were employing more and more workers. Thus in designing Social Security there was some great reason to believe that there was already in place a sophisticated system for payments coming in. And that system could be reasonably be verified through employment audits. Today and at least for the forseeable future the exact opposite is true. The large companies are employing less and less people and more and more people are, in one form or another, becoming contractors. Thus the measurement of their obligations to the Social Security system are being defined by those who would pay the taxes, the self employed or contract employed. There is every incentive for this growing number of people NOT to pay their fair share, legally and more particularly illegally. Moreover the government has no real effective way to correct the problem on the great number of people who are in the group. Audits and examinations are down to 1% of taxpayers, and if you are not willing to pay into the system, and many are, the chances of getting away with it are 99%. This problem alone is enough to think that time may not be on the side of Social Security.
04:52 PM on 01/17/2012
SS is easy to fix, an indexed retirement age and and/or a different way of calculating the inflation indexing.
11:51 PM on 01/17/2012
bave

it's easier than that. raise the payroll tax one half of one tenth of one percent per year... that's forty cents per week per year.

your fixes would cut benefits below the survival level. or force people to work who could have paid for their own retirement if you let them. why would you not let them?
08:20 AM on 01/18/2012
A cut of .5% is a cut below "survival" level? Maybe the intention of SS has been perverted. It was not supposed to be a fix all retirement, it was supposed to be a supplement.
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09:34 AM on 01/18/2012
Just a question. Why do you need to fix Social Security. The first thing should be to do is check the premis that there should be Social Security.
09:52 AM on 01/18/2012
Ok, sure, but let's define it first.

It was *never* intended to be a primary source of retirement funds. It was put forth to serve a need for people who have lived longer than their expectancy and generally pay benefits for only a few years because of the average age vs time of death.

Now, we have people on social security for 30 years. That's not what was intended.
10:04 AM on 01/18/2012
Why

checked.

next question.
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tomdavis
02:48 PM on 01/17/2012
The biggest problem is the ever- increasing cost of healthcare. That's what's going to bankrupt the country. Healthcare is now over $2.5 trillion (17% of GDP) and is consuming very penny in sight.
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ErnestineBass
No longer a cog in The Machine.
02:19 PM on 01/17/2012
If I come back tomorrow, maybe my reply to Jerry Lammers will finally be posted.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
02:08 PM on 01/17/2012
Currently, the U.S. post office is planning to cut 120,000 workers and close post offices across the country because the Republican Congress passed a law in 2006 that requires the post office to fund its pension program for 75 years ahead and to do that by 2016. That puts a huge strain on its operating revenue and is forcing those cuts. Many sparsely populated states rely on the post offices that will be eliminated. Some of those same states provide ballots and voting by mail. That could mean that thousands of Americans will be denied their right to vote. The advantage to the government in forcing that forward funding is to have another benefit program that will be forced to buy Treasury bonds and therefore to finance the national debt that has been accumulated over the last 31 years, mostly during Republican administrations.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
02:01 PM on 01/17/2012
Other ways to increase funding for Social Security would be to have a small increase in the payroll tax, and another way would be to reduce payroll taxes for low income workers and to eliminate the payroll cap altogether, taxing income of all kinds would provide a much better way to fund the program while spreading the payroll tax burden. By cutting the rate, low and middle income earners would have more disposable income that could help to stimulate our puny recovery. The most nonsensical way to cut benefits would be to means test income. There are three levels of benefits, one for low income beneficiaries who earned the least during their working lifetimes, one for most of us, middle income beneficiaries and a third for higher income folks. That level is capped so that no matter how much they make, their benefits will not increase. Means testing high income folks would be a double whammy on them, first their benefits are capped at the top level and then means testing would deny them of benefits if their lifetime earnings were high enough. Who knows how many high income people will never apply for their Social Security benefits since they really do not need them. I would believe that many of them do not bother to collect their benefits.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
01:55 PM on 01/17/2012
In 1998, the trust fund was projected to be insolvent by 2027, since then, that date has been as high as 2042 and now stands at 2037. How could that be? There are three estimates derived by the Social Security actuaries, one is very pessimistic, one is optimistic, and the third is the one that In 1998, the trust fund was projected to be insolvent by 2027, since then, that date has been as high as 2042 and now stands at 2037. How could that be? There are three estimates derived by the Social Security actuaries, one is very pessimistic, one is optimistic, and the third is the one that is reported to the public, the one that provides the numbers that we all are well familiar with. It has proven to be slightly pessimistic.

In 1983, when the new Social Security law was passed, a target was set to fund Social Security for 75 years, a ridiculous notion, one that has provided enforced savings that have provided the Treasury Department with a steady, reliable source of borrowed funds. At this time, the trust fund holds 2.5 trillion dollars of Treasury debt. It is just one of 155 federal funds and it is the very best financed.
There is absolutely no reason to increase the retirement age or to change the benefit formula to cut payments to recipients. There are many reasonable ways to increase funding for Social Security. The first, most logical is to increase the payroll cap.
03:26 PM on 01/17/2012
Gene

you are mostly right. but why raise the cap and risk turning SS into welfare when workers can pay for their own increased needs (they are going to live longer) with a tax increase if one half of one tenth of one percent per year. that's forty cents per week for today's average worker.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
08:19 PM on 01/17/2012
Thanks for your reply "neejerk". I think that you overlook the fact that all earned income is taxed for Medicare, there is no cap. If the cap were totally removed from Social Security, it would not be welfare unless high income workers were denied their benefits. There is a cap on how much high income workers can draw in benefits. If you read my comment closely, I wrote that if payroll tax cap was lifted, the tax could be reduced for everyone. Lowering the tax rate would allow low and middle income workers to have more money to spend in an economy in which the top 1% have 20 percent of all income.

I do not disagree that raising the payroll contribution by a small percentage would help to strengthen the trust fund, but it would be an additonal burden to low and middle income workers who with the payroll tax contribution along with their income taxes would put many if not most people in a higher overall tax bracket than many of the super rich. Also, income such as capital gains are not subject to the FICA tax. Interest income and dividends are not subject to the tax. The rich have many ways to obtain income at reduced federal income tax rates and they pay nothing to Social Security on those sources.
03:54 PM on 01/18/2012
The reason to decrease benefits some in combination with increasing payroll cap is basic fairness. The younger you are the less you are responsible for the excess of promised benefits over expected taxes.

Please explain logically why younger high income citizens should take 100% of the hit, and let older high income people get away scot-free?

Why should VP Biden not pay taxes on all of his social security income?

p.s.
The SS trustee report of 1998 estimated 2032, not 2027 for the exhaustion of the trust funds.

"Under the intermediate assumptions, the excess of OASDI tax revenues over expenditures until 2013, together with interest earnings on the trust funds, will result in a rapid accumulation of assets for the combined OASI and DI Trust Funds during this
period. However, total income is estimated to fall short of expenditures beginning in 2021 and in each year thereafter. In this circumstance, trust fund assets would be redeemed to cover the difference until the assets of the combined funds are exhausted in 2032."

http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/TR/ and then select 1998, and look on page 20.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
11:20 PM on 01/18/2012
Andrew, take a look at the 1998 report at: http://www.ssa.gov/oact/tr/TR97/tr97.pdf for the projection of the combined OASDI funds as reported in 1997. See page 25.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
01:09 PM on 01/17/2012
There needs to be even greater emphasis on the "explosion of private sector health care costs". Simply moving these costs from government to individuals will accomplish nothing, because even more profits will be extracted from us. We have watched the total cost of health care in this country soar at a rate far greater than stated inflation, far greater than the rate of growth of the economy in the best of times.

This is the mother of all bubbles, and yet we have to listen to conservative politicians pretend that if we just stop government from paying any of the medical bills, something has been accomplished. What was ushered in under Obama stands a good chance of dampening the steady surge in costs, but again, the conservatives want to obliterate that meager achievement.

Just look at the math, please. If conservatives are allowed to continue to support the health care industries' robbing us at an ever greater rate, then it will blow up in such a frightening manner that I can hardly imagine -- something worse than the Bubonic Plague raging unchecked across the country, I would guess.
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John Derrick
12:41 PM on 01/17/2012
Washington likes to lump all three (Social Security, Medicare & Medicaid) into the same conversation because it can disguise the reality of Social Security's balance sheet. Washington has borrowed against Social Security and reducing it's contributions can potentially lead to a meaningful "default" of repayment in the future. Instead of Washington "brainstorming" ways of cutting contributions, why don't they scrutinize more about "who" they are allowing to gain access to it's benefits....like those who don't pay into it? One more reason that Washington retirement must become part of the Social Security System.... After all; are we not "One Nation Under God?"
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John Derrick
12:33 PM on 01/17/2012
Washington politicians (including Presidents; who fall into this category) stand before their pulpits and spout how Social Security benefits should be cut during times of prosperity...but what we (as investors) must remember is that the Social Security Trust is invested over the long term and as such, should never be scrutinized by temporary "market swings." One wouldn't reduce retirement contributions during a time of prosperity now would we? All this simply supports that Washington needs to fall under the same Social Security retirement plan the rest of us enjoy (?) This and this alone would mandate it's safe-keeping for the long-term.
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GENE DEVAUX
Political activist, degrees in Accounting and Econ
02:40 PM on 01/17/2012
John, since 1984 all new government employees, including elected ones, have been in the Social Security system. Employees who were on the government payrolls before that date had the choice of remaining in their government retirement program, one to which they had to contribute, or choosing to have the Social Security plan. The idea that "Washington" does not participate in Social Security is a false one.
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John Derrick
10:53 PM on 01/17/2012
I summize the overwhelming choice of politicians is the pension plan. Having said this, why then is this Trust fund so abused by so many in Washington who want to A) Raise the eligibility age or B) Reduce the individuals pay-out instead of fixing it? The fund is owed repayment from "loans" by government and it is laden with fraudulent claimants who live off others that work but seems unguarded from fraud. Sorry, but I expose my frustration toward a system falling apart by so many paid to safeguard our funds.
12:30 PM on 01/17/2012
The key number is 86 million voters - or 1 out of 5 US citizens - by 2030 will be over 65 (according to the US Securities and Exchange Commission http://www.sec.gov/news/press/extra/seniors/agingboomers.htm). This does not include those voters closing in on 65 (55-64). The challenge is to organize and harness this incredible segment of the voting population, who already vote in percentages greater than any age group, to make the politicians act in their best interests, namely not reneging on the Social Security and Medicare social contracts..
05:05 PM on 01/17/2012
Cool, when the system goes bankrupt and hyper inflation shows up as a result, that will be a MUCH better solution.

Either way you inflict financial harm unto the same group.
06:46 PM on 01/17/2012
bave

there is no reason for the system to go bankrupt. in fact it can't. as long as americans want a safe way to save for their own retirement, SS is the best deal they can get.

all that bankrupt crap comes from the Petersons yelling every year that "we are running out of those worthless iou's".

meanwhile SS is paid for by a pay as you go payroll tax which is adequate to cover all future benefits. if the next generation is going to live longer than the last and wants to keep the same replacement rate all they need to do is raise their own tax... really their own savings... one half of one tenth of one percent per year... forty cents per week for the average worker today.

but hey, why would they want to do that when they can cut their heads off to save the cost of tomorrow's dinner?
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Si1ver1ock
the bread of wickedness, the wine of violence
12:08 PM on 01/17/2012
The US Gov't has as much money as it needs for what ever it wants to do. The only real limit is if it starts to crowd out the private sector, which might cause inflation.
04:50 PM on 01/17/2012
Sure, by printing it. Do you want to discuss what happens when you just print the money you need?
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Si1ver1ock
the bread of wickedness, the wine of violence
09:01 PM on 01/17/2012
Listen here-->http://audio.wrko.com/a/50687769/economist-warren-mosler-on-the-Listen here-economy-part-1.htm
11:59 PM on 01/17/2012
bave

you mean when the bank extends you a line of credit?

but there is no need to "just print it". we could pay our taxes for the stuff we already bought.
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Si1ver1ock
the bread of wickedness, the wine of violence
12:00 PM on 01/17/2012
What I would like to see is a real health care program designed in the same way we design an aircraft carrier or nuclear submarine or B2 Bomber. A robust public option that makes between 1% and 3% profit reinvested in medical research. A Medical Industrial Complex that actually targets what ails us.

Terrorism kills fewer people than bee stings.
11:49 AM on 01/17/2012
"In addition to those openly advocating cuts to these programs, Washington is also filled with a large number of "good cops." These are people who OSTENSIBLY support these programs." (caps added)

Well put.

"The good cops tell us that we are better off taking a deal in the long-run, because otherwise the bad guys will come back with even more powerful ammunition and push through larger cuts to Social Security and Medicare."

More fear mongering.

Is it possible that those in Congress ready to retire and a president who is on his second term or certain he will not win a second term will stoke fear, play the bad cops (with nothing to lose as they are leaving) and hack at Social Security before they leave office?

Patterns everywhere these days:

"Just give us your trillions and we'll save you from Saddam's WMDs."
"Just give those who committed fraud your trillions with no strings and we'll save you from depression." (lol, we have one anyway)
"Just give us some of your Social Security that you paid for your entire lives and we won't take all of it."

COMING NEXT as water is worth more than oil --and the country, cities and towns are being bankrupted: "Just sell your town water rights to us ---which sustain life and a healthy environment--and you'll have money for your schools and roads" (that is, until you have nothing left to sell!)
11:39 AM on 01/17/2012
"Better yet, if we can delay to 2020 the Social Security eligible population will be close to 30 percent larger as a share of the adult population."

Once we get everyone on a government transfer program we won't have to worry about them at all. And we can easily get the votes to increase the payments.
02:32 PM on 01/17/2012
econ

SS is not a government transfer program. you pay for your own benefits. yes pay as you go is the mechanism, but just because you can't understand that doesn't turn it into government welfare.
04:51 PM on 01/17/2012
It is, by definition, a welfare program.
06:01 PM on 01/17/2012
I was admittedly mixing two types of apples. The two issues I combined were:

1. that people getting benefits from the government are likely to want more government so increasing the people at the trough tends to protect the trough.

2. that if, as is being proposed by many, you remove the cap on SS, removing the connection between what you pay in and get out completely, then it will be a welfare system.