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Deepa S. Iyer

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A Hindu's Search for Meaning in Sound And Silence

Posted: 02/ 8/2011 9:39 pm

In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, a Hindu spiritual treatise, a sage tries to describe Brahman, the indescribable force motivating existence, to a skeptically curious king. "There is a spirit in the sound of the steps of man, and that spirit I adore as Brahman," the sage explains.

On a less deep level, I think that my 4-year-old self would have empathized with this description. At the time, I enjoyed trips to the mall simply for the opportunity to hear the rhythmic click of high heels on tiled floors.

I grew up constantly listening to an eclectic mix of sound and, relatedly, music. My mother played Sanskrit chants, shlokas, each morning, normally sung by famed Indian classical singer M.S. Subbulakshmi. My mother's personal listening preferences rested with Pink Floyd and the Beatles, my father's with ghazals and occasional Tamil film songs. As a Suzuki piano student, I was often force-fed a steady diet of classical composers, like Haydn, Brahms and Beethoven. I reveled in the sharp shouts of vegetable sellers on trips to India, or the piercing drone of the vacuum cleaner at home.

It all fit together strangely cohesively. Sounds were good friends, whether this friend was introduced to me through the booming voice of classical Indian singer Bhimsen Joshi or from Carl Czerny's technical piano exercises.

Yet, something was missing. In my listening world, music hinged solely on tune. Words, when they were present, simply went in one ear and out the other -- I barely noticed them at all. I always dismissed lyrics as a cheap ploy to distract listeners away from tonal nuances.

This all changed when I started learning Indian classical vocal music after years of learning piano. Initially, the transition was not too difficult. In classical Indian music, learning and performance are based on listening, imitation, repetition and, for advanced students, improvisation. This was similar to the Suzuki style of learning piano, which encourages students to learn by listening to recordings.

At the same time, I was distinctly challenged. Music was no longer solely instrumental, because vocal songs have lyrics. In Carnatic music, the South Indian style of music that I was learning, lyrics are inextricably linked to melody. With compositions often written by meditative poet-saints, lyrics and music combine to form a metaphor of the individual soul's unique longing for the Supreme, whether this individual is composer, listener or singer.

This confluence is reflected in the song's lyrical nuances and in the raga, or melodic mode, in which a song is set. The word raga in Sanskrit, crudely translated, can mean color. The way in which raga and lyrics combine when exercised by a skilled musician paints rasa, a unique emotional hue, in the listener's mind and heart.

After learning Indian music, I found myself revisiting recordings of piano pieces I'd learned, this time searching for meaning in instrumental music. Recordings of Beethoven and Bach posed unfathomable puzzles. Solving these puzzles required imagining figurative conversations between characters given life by the music. Leonard Bernstein, in a lecture series given at Harvard University, put it simply: "Metaphor is the generator -- the powerplant of music."

Today, thanks largely to iTunes, I, like many, have a daily listening regime, in which I collect pieces rather like an art collector accrues beloved paintings. I've found that my mind pulls pieces out of this collection frequently and randomly; When I miss home while traveling abroad on work, I hear Rachid Taha's Ya Rayah. When I see twilight draping itself stealthily over a city, I hear Liszt's La Campanella. And when listening to the drenching rain of the Indian monsoon, I always hear the notes of Raag Megh Malhar. Based on whimsical inspiration, I can pick a song out of my collection and make it a momentary metaphor of existence.

The Maitri Upanishad, another Hindu reflection on consciousness, says "There are two ways of contemplation: in sound and in silence. By sound, we go to the End: immortality, union, and peace. Even as a spider reaches the liberty of space via its own thread, the mindful one reaches freedom via vibration and void." The sense of sound is a distinctive feature of human experience. Take a minute to stop and listen to anything -- it can easily turn into a rather profound metaphor of life's experiences.

 
In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, a Hindu spiritual treatise, a sage tries to describe Brahman, the indescribable force motivating existence, to a skeptically curious king. "There is a spirit in the s...
In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, a Hindu spiritual treatise, a sage tries to describe Brahman, the indescribable force motivating existence, to a skeptically curious king. "There is a spirit in the s...
 
 
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02:20 PM on 02/10/2011
I am reminded of the quote by Tagore... he says

"The water in a vessel is sparkling; the water in the sea is dark. The small truth has words which are clear; the great truth has great silence. "
~Rabindranath Tagore
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Cindbird
03:32 AM on 02/10/2011
Even in silence there is sound. I used to sit by the Gulf of Mexico as a child and listen to the waves. To me, it sounded like breathing. I used to imagine the Earth breathing with me. It gave me a profound connection with all of nature. The silence is never silent. Sit in silence sometime. You'll hear a low aural hum. It's the sound of the open line, the nerves in the ears. It's as if your brain is humming to you. It's in these moments we learn the greatest truth, we are intimately connected with every other thing on Earth. All through the power of sound and silence.
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Erewhon7
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11:13 AM on 02/10/2011
"Even in silence there is sound."
Your rather curious definition of silences seem to be limited to absence of music or speech.
It is much too narrow.
01:17 PM on 02/10/2011
My Indian Baba carved out a room in solid rock to create an area of silence in India, and it did filter out the sound from the outside world, but you could still hear the blood rushing through the veins close to the ear.
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Allan Richter
10:11 PM on 02/09/2011
“In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, a Hindu spiritual treatise, a sage tries to describe Brahman, the indescribable force motivating existence,… The Maitri Upanishad, another Hindu reflection on consciousness, says "There are two ways of contemplation: in sound and in silence.” (Deepa S. Lyer)

Jewish theosophy (Kabbalah) has much in common with Indian philosophy. Ein-Sof is the Kabbalist’s absolute a concept similar to Brahman. Judaism also has a meditative tradition. Music is one of many techniques used. There are others which have parallels in Hindu including meditation on “nothing”.
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ZenSufi
There is a secret in the Heart of Man.
09:10 PM on 02/10/2011
One of the phrases that describe Siva is "Sivayave".
01:34 AM on 02/11/2011
Ponder for a moment that they are not as alike as one might think. Ain Soph (Kaplans spelling) is the 'undifferentiated Absolute' or the 'unknowable undifferentiated Absolute', since the undifferentiated Absolute can not be known. Brahma is one of the three attributes of the Differentiated Absolute (Atman) as the Force of Creation, or the Creator. If this is the case then in Jewish Mysticism (Kaballah and again Kaplan) it would be Elohim who speaks 32 times to Create the Universe that would be Brahma. Voice of course is sound that is projected outward as a force. Sound is mutually dependent on silence because without silence you can not have sound as a force. This is similar to the idea of the Tzitzum (Kaplan) where darkness had to be carved out of the Divine Light so that Light could exist and in which in it. I could go on with the parallels between Hinduism and the Kabbalah and even through in Buddhism with Nirvana (undifferentiated absolute) and the 32 spokes of the Heart Chakra (Six Yogas of Naraopa) in comparison to the "32 paths engraved in Yod" and 32 times Elohim speaks.....but I wont. ....but something to ponder certainly.
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jdbond
07:17 PM on 02/11/2011
Brahman, not Brahma. I know, I know...
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ZENNEPHI
08:58 PM on 02/09/2011
..."Imagine. An Drop in the Ocean, or an Ocean in the Drop? Oceianic....."
..."Stop, Look, Listen..."

OSHO-Bhagwan/Hindi Mystic-[Rajneeshpuram Oregon-USA]
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Indigo1941
Time Traveler
04:22 PM on 02/09/2011
I like to listen to ambient noise, the television, the cars going by, the occasional dog, the children playing, the fire truck going by, the police car on the prowl, the wind and the rain. It all has rhythms, generated by happenstance and it has silences that punctuate that noise. To me, it's as if I'm listening to the planet and the people on it, as if the Unity of All That is humming to itself. It's not annoying unless a listener decides to be annoyed by it. Then, of course, it's extremely annoying.
06:35 PM on 02/09/2011
I love your post. Beautifully written and quite profound.
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Indigo1941
Time Traveler
08:12 PM on 02/09/2011
Thanks, friend.
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Erewhon7
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11:17 AM on 02/10/2011
Then Indigio, you will like Western avant-garde movement called "Musique concrète," which explores making music with everyday objects and random-found sounds.

John Cage wrote a few pieces exploring this technique.
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Indigo1941
Time Traveler
12:17 PM on 02/10/2011
Yes indeed. I like John Cage's work. I'm a big fan of Xenakis, the Greek composer whose Oresteia is a masterpiece of concrete music in opera form. As the final scene approaches, the musicians distribute noise makers to the audience and when, at last the Eumenies (Gracious Ladies aka Furies) are escorted into their temple under the Parthenon, the musicians lead the audience in the noise making until, at last, the musicians have all left and the audience is sitting there making noise. It's a fun moment as is life when we let it happen.
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Jewels23
Whose woods these are I think I know.
03:53 PM on 02/09/2011
I wish you would list more of your playlists. I would love to explore some new music!!!
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OuterBanx North12
Now with 33% MORE caffeine!
04:20 PM on 02/09/2011
Utne Magazine usually highlights new types of music in their issues; some of them along the lines of what the author writes about.
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Scott Schwenk
03:06 PM on 02/09/2011
Thank you for this! I've been a casual student of Indian music since '94, and an empassioned student of mantra just as long. That Maitri Upanishad quote really hits home. I hope one of your next articles touches deeper into your experience of the silence as this does for your experience of sound. One of the most notable experiences for me with Indian music in particular, and all music in general, and most definitely with mantra, is the spaciousness, the living pregnant silence, revealed in the wake of the sound, the place the mantras express from.
01:35 PM on 02/09/2011
And, let's not forget the sound (music) in the silence. In Sanskrit it is called the anahata nada or unstruck sound. In mystic Hindu and Sufi teachings it is referred to as the sound current or audible life stream. It is the sound energy essence which is behind all other sounds.

Sweet.
12:33 PM on 02/09/2011
This article reminded me of my childhood days;In a Tamil Hindu household like yours, learning Carnatic music and Mridangam(a percussion instrument). When we were kids we do not give much importance to learning arts like these; however now that i'm a bit older(and slightly wiser?), I am forever grateful for the chance I got to learn these. Music is truly divine!

Keep up the good work!
12:01 PM on 02/09/2011
Sound is important, that is why the God of the universe in Revelation 19 tells us about the great sounds we will hear in the end. Loud voices shouting "Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong tou our God." Multitudes with voices like the rushing waves.

But we don't stop at sound, for than we shall see...
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Machinistscott
Not Red, Not Blue, I'm Purple
11:18 AM on 02/09/2011
Here's a good tune.
Listen closely at 1.30.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xB4dbdNSXY
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gal416
is a Bible verse † † †
01:07 PM on 02/09/2011
Lennon was right in that he was killed and died for nothing.
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Erewhon7
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11:09 AM on 02/09/2011
Great music achieves a perfect balance between sound and silence. Masterful musicians understand how to "play" the silences.
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OuterBanx North12
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10:52 AM on 02/09/2011
Music is the greatest gift I have received in my life, because nothing other than music can so definitively affect my mood, bring tears to my eyes, remind me of a wonderful place I have visited, or most importantly, conjure up happy thoughts of a loved one.

Lyrics have their importance in music, and some writers are so talented at making points in simple verses they crystallize perfectly that theme. However, the simple sounds of music by themselves can be the best therapy one can receive.

Silence in small doses is OK for me. Music brings me to another level.
09:42 AM on 02/09/2011
"In my listening world, music hinged solely on tune. Words, when they were present, simply went in one ear and out the other -- I barely noticed them at all. I always dismissed lyrics as a cheap ploy to distract listeners away from tonal nuances."

This was the same for me for years. I didn't care about lyrics, as long as the person singing had some talent.
For me this changed when I was introduced to the work of Diamanda Galas, specifically "Masque of the Red Death", "Plague Mass" (both of these pieces deal with the AIDS crisis in very direct and confrontational means) and her more recent work, "Defixones: Will & Testament" which deals with the Greek/Armenian/Assyrian genocide of the early 20th century.
11:42 AM on 02/09/2011
There is also this way:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mUmdR69nbM
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01:52 AM on 02/09/2011
Are sound and silence "two"? It reminds me of the classic Leibniz question, "Why is there something rather than nothing?" To which Heidegger added, "Since nothing would be so much easier."

Is it "easier" to be silent than to sing? Not for my two-year old grandsons, who sing, unprompted, to their admiring grampa on the car rides home after our outings. It is music to an old man's ears.