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Weekly Health Tip: Mercury In Fish -- How Much Is Too Much?

Posted: 07/11/11 09:08 AM ET


Visualization is courtesy of TheVisualMD.com

Brought to you by Deepak Chopra, MD, Alexander Tsiaras, and TheVisualMD.com Brought to you by Deepak Chopra, MD, Alexander Tsiaras, and TheVisualMD.com

When you order fish in a restaurant these days, you might feel you need a marine biologist to help you make your selection rather than a waiter. Figuring out which fish is safe to eat -- and how often you should eat fish -- has become fraught with worry, mainly due to concerns about mercury content. You might be tempted to swear off seafood completely to keep things simple. But if you do, you'll miss out on the health benefits of eating fish, including the heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids in many fish. A wiser approach is to understand why mercury is a concern and when to avoid certain seafood.

Where the mercury comes from How does mercury get into fish and shellfish in the first place? Mercury is a metal that occurs naturally in several forms. The kind inside your thermometer is called elemental or metal mercury. It's used to make dental fillings and some batteries. It's also used in chemical manufacturing plants, coal burning plants and other industries, and that's how it ends up in your swordfish steak. Industrial pollution releases elemental mercury into the air. Rain then washes the mercury out of the air and into streams and oceans where it gets turned into methylmercury. Fish and shellfish absorb methylmercury as they feed and it builds up in the animals' tissues over time. That's why larger and older fish tend to have the most mercury.

Risks to the developing nervous system Most of our exposure to mercury comes from the methylmercury in contaminated fish. Ingesting excessive amounts of mercury is not good for anyone. In adults, it can cause damage to the nervous system, as well as the immune system and heart. But the greatest health risk from the mercury in seafood is to fetuses, infants and very young children. Even small amounts of mercury in a pregnant or nursing woman's blood can damage the developing nervous system of a fetus or infant. Nerve cells multiply and grow at a rapid rate during gestation and infancy and are especially sensitive to mercury. Scientists aren't sure exactly how the metal does its damage, but they think that it may stop the growth of dendrites and axons, the fibers on the cells that deliver and receive signals. Studies of populations that consume large amounts of seafood have found that children who were exposed to methylmercury in the womb or shortly after birth had altered memory, attention and language development.

So how much mercury is too much? Scientists don't know precisely what level of mercury in the blood leads to harmful effects. Studies show that children suffer developmental delays when their mother's blood level is as low as 30 to 40 ng/mL (nanograms per milliliter), while adults usually don't show symptoms of mercury poisoning until their levels are higher. Fortunately, most people have some built-in protection against mercury: A genetically determined mechanism causes the body to expel the metal in 30 to 40 days. A Swedish biologist recently discovered that a small portion of the population carries a genetic mutation that makes their cells retain mercury much longer -- in rare cases up to 190 days -- and those people may be at higher risk.

While mercury poisoning from eating seafood is relatively rare, the early signs include tingling and numbness in fingers and toes and poor muscle coordination. The treatment for mercury poisoning caused by eating contaminated fish is simple: You stop eating the fish and wait for levels to come down naturally.

Guidelines for eating seafood Of course a better solution is to avoid ingesting too much mercury in the first place. That's easy to do. For most adults, eating fish and shellfish is not a health risk -- and it's important to get the health benefits of fish. Seafood is an excellent source of high-quality protein and iron, and it's low in saturated fat. And fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as trout, salmon and tuna, can lower your risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. That's why the American Heart Association recommends eating at least two servings of fish a week.

However, women who may become pregnant or are already pregnant, nursing mothers and young children need to be more careful. The FDA advises pregnant or nursing women to avoid four fish that contain high levels of mercury: shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish. Instead, they should eat up to 12 ounces a week of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury. These include shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, Pollock and catfish. If you eat canned albacore ("white") tuna, limit your intake to 6 ounces per week because it has higher mercury content. Young children should eat smaller portions of these fish.

While pregnant and nursing women should avoid high-mercury fish, they should not stop eating seafood, according to the FDA and others. That's because fish and shellfish contains nutrients that are important for a baby's growth. Plus, the omega-3 fatty acids in many fish can actually promote the baby's brain development (they help adult brains function better, too). So next time you're ordering fish, don't panic. Just make sure you eat a variety of seafood (not a steady diet of the four high-mercury fish) and follow the guidelines if you are pregnant or nursing.

Learn more about limiting your exposure to environmental toxins:
TheVisualMD.com: Environmental toxins & free radicals

 
 
 

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05:01 PM on 07/15/2011
Amyone who buys a chopra book is Definitely showing signs of mercury poisioning .....
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04:56 PM on 07/15/2011
DR ? chopra
I just saw you on the dylan ratign show...you are so full of sh** it's incredible you can think normal thinking Humans will swallow your BS...man....you are one piece of work...
outnow
Ban the bomb
07:53 PM on 07/13/2011
Dr. Chopra,

This inforation explains so much about why some people get disease from heavy metals and chemicals in the environment. Thank you so much.
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04:59 PM on 07/15/2011
you don't need chopra to figure mercury is bad for you.......
just get a good medical book
and talking of books....
try a REAL science , it may be compilicated, but stick with it...you'll see this chopra guy is full of it.
outnow
Ban the bomb
10:00 PM on 07/15/2011
No, no. It isn't about Dr. Chopra at all. You must read the Discovery Magazine article. It's about the director of the Genome project. Unless you know more than he does, you shouldn't criticize the science therein. Jane Hightower is a mercury expert. Francis Collins is an expert as former directOR of the Human Genome Project. Christopher Austin, Brenda Weis, Mathew Rand, a mercury toxicologist. Please don't crticise what you don't understand.
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09:06 AM on 07/16/2011
you do know he went and got a book on mercury poisioning and just copied and pasted...
02:43 AM on 07/13/2011
Fortunately, or unfortunately (depending on the perspective), I can personally relate to this article-

I now avoid all fish, seafood, fish oils, seaweeds and basically anything out of any ocean.

At just 19, I have severe mercury poisoning, gliosis of the brain and nerve damage.

Not that I pity myself in any way, because it was always my choice to consume fish, seaweeds, and sea foods.

However, I do strongly sympathise with the fish and sea creatures that are swimming around in excessive levels of toxic poison, as I believe, unlike us humans, they do not have a choice.
outnow
Ban the bomb
02:20 PM on 07/13/2011
Did you have a chance to read the article from Discovery entitled, "How to Tell if You're Poisoning yourself With Fish?" The explanation may be that you have genes that allow methyl mercury to remain in your body longer than other people. It is really interesting and may apply to you. In fact, it may apply to all of us on one level or another with the many new types of environmental toxins of all kinds that we are encountering in our modern environment.
06:24 PM on 07/13/2011
Thanks ! I read that part but not the whole article - and I will,

Thanks again xx
05:29 PM on 07/15/2011
Someone with "severe mercury poisoning" would not be capable of writing a message board post.
01:33 PM on 07/12/2011
Any amount of Mercury is too much, especially in developing brains, tissues and cells. But the "safe" amounts all depend on who has the most money for political lobbies. A can of tuna used to have a warning label. Now, nothing at all. The element itself hasn't changed, the amount of mercury in food we eat is increasing, not decreasing, and yet the warning labels are gone. It's all about the money. Do not believe the "safe amounts" because the number favors whoever gives the most money. So do the scientific studies, if you give enough money, i bet we can find "facts" that prove Mercury does not exist at all (sort of like global warming).
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
03:18 PM on 07/12/2011
"Any amount of Mercury is too much"

What's your evidence for this? The system that expresses proteins that mind and remove mercury depends on the presence of mercury to remain active. Not having any present would result in a significant reduction in mercury-binding proteins. Then, when experiencing an acute exposure, it will take longer to remove the mercury.

"the amount of mercury in food we eat is increasing­, not decreasing­,"

Reference?

"It's all about the money"

Oh, of course.
06:32 AM on 07/12/2011
A good post .
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
07:14 PM on 07/11/2011
Excellent article. Pertinent and conveys correct information. Very well-written!
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Chuck Bluestein
Always searching for latest health breakthrough
05:33 PM on 07/11/2011
I read that the only reason that they have not stopped selling the white albacore tuna is that it sells so well even though it has a lot of mercury. Everyday the mercury and pollution in the ocean is getting worse. Omega-3 essential fatty acids is very important to health but there are few vegan sources that are great sources like fish.

The 2 great sources are chia seeds and flaxseeds. But whole flaxseeds (tiny seeds) are not digestable. So they are sold ground but you have to be concerned about them going rancid. But the chia seeds are digestable whole and are also a source high in many other nutrients. They were used by Aztecs. But then there is an issue of the body changing the short chains of omega-3, in plant foods, into the long chains of EPA and DHA.

We need the EPA and DHA but the body is not very efficient in changing the short chains into the long chained ones that are in the fish. Fish get their omega-3 from eating algae. Two edible algaes are spirulina and Lake Klamath blue-green algae. http://bit.ly/nbD3Jx Vegans can eat them since they are not animal foods. They contain the long chains of EPA and DHA. They are called super foods since they are the most nutrient dense foods on the planet with more vitamin B-12 than liver, more calcium than milk and more beta-carotene than carrots.
10:52 PM on 07/11/2011
Isn't there some debate over whether or not the B12 in spirulina is well absorbed?
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Chuck Bluestein
Always searching for latest health breakthrough
12:42 PM on 07/12/2011
Yes they know that the vitamin B-12 from some plant sources do not work. But they did a study of the lake Klamoth blue-green algae and found that it did increase the vitamin B-12 in the blood to a more than adequate level. Vitamin B-12 in supplements is grown on bacteria. Blue-green algae is technically cyano-bacteria. Vegans can eat it because it is not an animal. But it is not a plant either. It existed before plants and animals that evolved from the blue-green algae. It was here when there was no oxygen in the air. The blue-green algae put the oxygen in the air.

Also one group found that meat was not a good source of vitamin B-12 because it increased the need for it. But a supplement of vitamin B-12 is very cheap. Some people take a 500 mg supplement of vitamin C daily. That much B-12 will last you over 100 years! You only need 6/1000 mg per day of B-12 or 6 micrograms. My mother ate lots of meat but needed a doctor to give her a needle of B-12 every week. The body can store B-12 for years unlike other vitamins.
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lele23
09:46 AM on 07/12/2011
Chuck, thank you for the information on spirulina and blue-green algae. Another vegan option is algae-derived omega-3 in softgel or liquid form, which contain DHA and often EPA as well. This would be the nutritional equivalent of a fish oil supplement but without the risk of contamination.

Regarding the flaxseed, you can buy it whole, process it at home, and keep the ground seeds in the freezer.
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Chuck Bluestein
Always searching for latest health breakthrough
12:27 PM on 07/12/2011
Yes you can grind it at home if you have a grinder. But then you do not need to keep the grinds in the freezer or refrigerator. You can just grind it as you need it. But a short time in the refrigerator is fine.
05:09 PM on 07/11/2011
Dear Deepok,

Thanks for this article. I actually had mercury poisoning when I lived in NYC. My doctor attributed it to eating way too much sushi and tunafish sandwiches. I stopped eating fish for a year, and my levels went down. I'm now a bit paranoid about eating fish, and take high quality fish oil supplement insstead.

Since I love fish, this article makes me feel that I can still enjoy this excellent source of protein and oils, as long as I stick to a variety of species instead of just tuna!
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
07:16 PM on 07/11/2011
Avoid fish that eat other fish, that eat other fish. As they are called, keystone predators (at the top of the food chain) bio-accumulate methyl-mercury and other pollutants.

Salmon, halibut, trout, bass, etc. are all on the menu.
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TaurusRose
Seek the Unique
12:01 PM on 07/12/2011
Please... 'are all on the menu' Which menu? Eat or Avoid?
I've tried to determine this via google, but to no avail.
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sophie M
ANTI WAR./animal rescue
02:17 PM on 07/11/2011
i make a wicked veggie burger..
i hate to feed meat. fish... to my pets ,,,,,,but i have to.

.
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
07:17 PM on 07/11/2011
Because in nature, animals don't eat other animals, especially those in the order carnivora.
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frank day
Republican = FAIL
02:04 PM on 07/11/2011
Fish, or any meat is totally unnecessary.

Go Vegan !
10:59 PM on 07/11/2011
Sigh..why oh why promote veganism like this. I would rather hear someone say that it's not moral to kill animals for food because they can feel too. You may not need fish, meat or any other animal product to survive, but you may not thrive for as long as you could, unless you supplemented and were very meticulous about getting all the right things in your diet. There is not any evidence strong enough to tell us that eliminating all animal products is the healthiest for short and long term health. I understand you may not be saying this or believe this, I'm just sayin.

I have no problem with vegans or vegetarians, and I understand some of the reasons for this way of life. I actually thought about being vegetarian at one point myself.
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
03:09 PM on 07/12/2011
"but you may not thrive for as long as you could, unless you supplement­ed and were very meticulous about getting all the right things in your diet"

Not to mention their reliance on others in society that eat meat.

It's nice to live in a country, in a time where you can pick and choose what you eat. Trying to project some moral high-ground is out of line.
11:03 AM on 07/11/2011
Mercury on the brain side of the blood brain barrier can stay there for years, not be expelled in 30-40 days. Been there, still doing that.
06:02 PM on 07/11/2011
Yes a very very long time. I've had mercury poisoning for over 15 years.
Josephius
No, not microbio, molecular bio and biochemistry!
07:21 PM on 07/11/2011
Any links to support that claim. All I can find is that it's longer...nothing about 30 to 40 years.

http://people.uwec.edu/piercech/hg/mercury_tox/distributionexcretion.htm

http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/mercury.pdf
06:03 PM on 07/16/2011
Andrew Hall Cutler's book, Amalgam Illness is a good source. I have been dealing with it for about 10 years and don't feel that I am out of the woods yet.
10:37 AM on 07/17/2011
What the sources you cited overlook is that once in the brain, mercury in the form of methylmercury can be converted to inorganic mercury Hg+1 or Hg+2. This form does not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it is trapped in the brain. Some chelating agents including the body's glutathione can remove it, but slowly. There is usually collateral damage when that happens because the inorganic mercury has bonded with various sulfhydryl groups or disulfide bridges (which have been broken). Once the mercury has been removed, the damage must be repaired and unfortunately the chelating agents can often interchange the mercury for other metal ions, thus dropping it off to do damage elsewhere. Methylmercury itself is not very harmful, but it is very harmful because it gets into the brain and nervous system and converts to inorganic mercury, and does much damage in that form. It deactivates enzymes, receptors and a host of other processes by reacting with sulfur groups mainly.
10:12 AM on 07/11/2011
Dear Dr. Chopra - So glad to have come across your article. I get paralyzed with indecision at the grocery store fish counter where I alternate between the thoughts of "this is a good thing" and "no its not- you read about mercury poisoning." If I buy it, I cancel out the good effects with the thoughts that this may be bad. It helps to know what and how much etc.

Now can you please explain if there is a health risk or benefit to wild versus farm raised fish?

Thanks so much.

Carolyn Winter
03:56 PM on 07/11/2011
I'm not Deepak, but I'd avoid farm raised if u can.
Studies in British Columbia and UK showed farmed salmon accumulate more cancer-causing PCBs and toxic dioxins than wild salmon.
Flame-retardant additives used widely in electronics and furniture are appearing in increasing amounts in fish, and farmed salmon contain significantly higher levels of these polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds than wild salmon.
In the wild, salmon absorb carotenoids from eating pink krill. On the aquafarm, their rich pink hue is supplied by canthaxanthin, a synthetic pigment manufactured by Hoffman-La Roche.
Aquafarms, called "floating pig farms," by Daniel Pauly, professor of fisheries at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, put a significant strain upon their surrounding environment. According to Pauly, "They consume a tremendous amount of highly concentrated protein pellets and they make a terrific mess."
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08:46 PM on 07/11/2011
Don't dismiss farm raised fish entirely. Yes, some are harmful to the environment and can contain some toxins, but there are a variety of species farmed that are safe and environmentally friendly.

U.S. farmed cobia, catfish, freshwater prawns, and numerous other species are all safe to eat and sustainable. Also, not all farmed salmon is bad; there are some (small-scale) closed systems that are ecologically sound and produce fish that are safe to eat.
08:44 AM on 07/11/2011
Dr. Chopra thanks for pointing out the health benefits of consuming fish even during pregnancy. It's wise to be aware of both the benefits as well as the risks so one can make educated decisions. You didn't however point out that fish oils can be a viable addition or alternative to consuming fish for providing the healthy essential fatty acids. As you pointed out mercury binds to the protein or muscle of the fish, but I have been told by some research doctors that for this reason it's improbable to find mercury in fish oil, and numerous tests have found even low quality oils free of mercury. Our nonprofit has found incredible benefits for fish and fish oils in children with autism/apraxia etc and have more info here http://pursuitofresearch.org/2010/12/01/therapeutic-use-of-fish-oil-for-apraxia-autism-and-other-communication-impairments/ The main concern of fish oils is rancidity because as you can imagine fish/oil is highly unstable in oxygen. Testing has shown and many low quality fish oils have high peroxide levels (rancidity level is high) I was told those are the fish oils that you "burp" (ewww) So good to seek high quality fish oils or algae for DHA/EPA.