For 8 years now, I've been running HUGS for THUGS / Enter to Grow in Wisdom, a sendoff event for rising Harvard freshmen. One of the biggest pieces of advice that I dispense to them is to take language classes. Universities generally do a fantastic job of teaching them, they're a super-useful lifelong skill, and they're generally an easy 'A'. You just can't go wrong.
The big question is, which languages should you take? Here's my $0.02 on which to take, with ratings for each. I've taken lessons in French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, Portuguese and Chinese, so those are based on firsthand experience:
Chinese. Everyone's talking about how China is going to take over the world. Whether or not that is true is irrelevant to the fact that if you become any kind of entrepreneur or businessperson, you're certain to deal with China. Printing, manufacturing, outsourcing, construction, finance -- it's all there.
Chinese business runs on the principle of guanxi -- loosely translated as 'relationships.' Basically, it means that in a 2hr business meeting, you will spend the first 1:50 talking about your families, and the last 10min negotiating the deal. Knowing Chinese in this situation will hold you in good stead.
Also, there's a hierarchy of how good a deal you can get from a Chinese merchant: the gringo rate for those who don't speak Chinese; the rate for the foreigners who can hack a few sentences; and the rate for natives. The better your Chinese, the better the deal you'll get.
Knowing Chinese will also give you access to a millennia-old body of literature and philosophy. On the downside, the effort required to speak, read and write Chinese will be about 3x that of picking up an Indo-European language with a Roman alphabet, so you need to be pretty determined. And because of the sheer volume of work required for a Chinese course, you want to make sure your courseload is pretty light for that semester. Like a jumbo box of Corn Flakes, it's easy to digest, but a lot to get through.
The big argument for learning it in college is that you'll never have the luxury of time and the facilities to do it this easily again, so you might as well do it now. Also, if you speak Chinese fluently, it is very likely that you will never be unemployed. There's some company somewhere who will find your Chinese expertise indispensable and be happy to make you their envoy to the Middle Kingdom.
Ease of learning: 1 Employability enhancement: 10 Cool factor: 10 Overall: 21/30
Japanese. Back in the '80s and '90s, Japanese was the go-to language for the budding careerist, because then the Land of the Rising Sun was the one poised for world conquest. Some decades and a few financial meltdowns later, the bloom may be off the cherry blossom, but Japanese is still hella cool. With three writing systems, it's a bit of a bear to get good at reading and writing, but the richness of the literature is well worth it. It can enhance your employability but not by much, so it's more of a recherché scholarly thing to do for the coolness factor.
Ease of learning: 2 Employability enhancement: 7 Cool factor: 10 Overall: 19/30
French. Hate to say it, but French is pretty useless except for speaking, well, French. If you speak French to Parisians, they will love you and treat you like a king, which is the diametric opposite of the treatment most Americans receive. The literature is astonishingly rich, and it's a treat to read Montaigne, Molière, Balzac, Rimbaud, Éluard and other greats in the original. French pop is pretty awesome, too, and knowing French makes listening to Aznavour, Jacques Brel and MC Solaar that much more fun. Although the employability boost is minimal at best, of all the languages you could learn, this one probably makes you look the most sophisticated.
Ease of learning: 6 Employability enhancement: 1 Cool factor: 10 Overall: 18/30
Italian. I freakin' love Italian. The pronunciation and grammar are super-straightforward, so you'll learn it faster than almost any other language. It's super-useful for music (allegretto ma non troppo), food (how delightful it is to know that spaghetti alla puttanesca means spaghetti in the style of a whore?) and figuring out the gazillion Latinate words in English. Also, Italians are super-friendly, and if you speak Italian to them, they will freakin' love you.
Also, Italian was almost solely responsible for making me appreciate opera. Once you understand what ma in Ispagna son già mille tre is talking about, Don Giovanni becomes a lot more fun to watch. By far the biggest bang-for-buck factor of any language I can think of.
Ease of learning: 10 Employability enhancement: 1 Cool factor: 9 Overall: 20/30
German. Tougher than Romance languages and not nearly as mellifluous to the ear, learning German is a labor of love for most people. I happen to love German culture, delight in the way the language sounds, and find the prospect of understanding Schiller and Rilke in the original very appealing. I also like that it informs me of the Germanic roots of English. Can't say it does anything for your employability, since all Germans speak English better than we do.
Ease of learning: 5 Employability enhancement: 2 Cool factor: 9 Overall: 16/30
Spanish. Easily the most useful language you can learn on the planet. There are 400 million native speakers and 500 million total speakers of Spanish in the world, second only to Chinese. By speaking Spanish, you can own Central and South America as well as Spain (aka the world's biggest non-stop party).
If you have any intention of pursuing medicine, learning Spanish is de rigueur in the US. You will have patients who simply don't speak English, and asking them "Where does it hurt?" slower and louder ain't gonna get you nowhere. It's also super-easy, especially if you already know another Romance language. So learn freakin' Spanish. I picked it up in med school, and it has been indispensable -- especially since people in hispanohablante countries tend not to speak any English. Order dinner in Costa Rica? Check. Direct the cab in Barcelona? Check. Bonus: you can listen to the Spanish-language soccer commentators on TV, which are approximately 5.8 quadrillion times better than their English-language counterparts.
Ease of learning: 10 Employability enhancement: 8 Cool factor: 6 Overall: 24/30
Russian. No personal experience with this one, but I'm guessing its employability enhancement factor is on the rise. Billionaire oligarchs have business to do and money to burn, so there's an opening there for the enterprising linguist. There's also a serious boy shortage in countries like Russia and Ukraine, so if you're a dude, speaking a little Russki may give your love life a boost if that's your dish. Russian's a great entrée into the world of Slavic languages (Czech, Polish and Ukrainian are not far off), it's a new alphabet with a whole different grammar, and -- Pushkin! That's all you need to know, really.
Ease of learning: 4 Employability enhancement: 8 Cool factor: 9 Overall: 21/30
Portuguese. A few years ago, Portuguese would not have even been on the list. But now, with the rise of Brazil as an economic power and the fact that four (four!) of my close buddies have married Brazilian women, Portuguese is a contender indeed.
First of all, the language is cake, especially if you already know another Romance language. Second, it's super-useful -- entrepreneurial opportunities abound in Brazil now in the same way they did in the US in the 1860s. And Brazilians just don't speak a whole lot of English. Third, if the fit hits the shan here in the US, where ya gonna go? Canada is too darn cold and Australia is running out of water, so you may want to consider Brazil.
Portuguese is also fun to speak. All the hard consonants are softened, and the vowels undulate like the strains of a Carlos Jobim song -- speaking it is like giving your mouth a mellow massage. Also, Brazil is insanely fun. Scientists have shown that a Brazilian's DNA, instead of the usual A-T-G-C, is made of the nucleotides P-A-R-T-Y. Add to that the friendliness (and pulchritude) of Brasileiras, especially towards American men (sorry ladies -- but hey, I hear China has a serious boy surplus), and you've got yourself an excellent case for falar português.
Ease of learning: 9 Employability enhancement: 8 Cool factor: 9 Overall: 26/30
'Roots' languages. As Americans, the rest of the world has often accused us of having no roots. And it's sadly true that many immigrants come here from countries of rich cultural heritage -- Korea, Iran, India, Vietnam, China -- only to lose the native tongue within a generation.
Letting a colorful and rich native culture get homogenized into the bland consumerism that passes for American culture is a crime to you -- and your children. McDonald's and Spider-Man ain't culture, yo. Knowing stories from the Mahabharata, Shahnameh, King Dongmyeong -- now that's something solid you can hold on to. And essential: trees reach for the sky only if they have strong roots. If you're not fluent in the language of your ethnic roots, chances of your kids picking it up are nil, so now's an excellent time to get on that case.
So don't be ashamed of taking Persian if your name's Amir, Hindi if your name's Sunil, or Korean if your name's Grace. I guarantee it's a decision you'll never regret.
For further super-practical, time-tested, savvy tips on academics, social life, extracurriculars and career planning in college, visit Enter to Grow in Wisdom
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How incredibly arrogant of you to decide what constitutes culture and what doesn't. Just because Spiderman hasn't been around for 3000 years doesn't mean it's not culture. Culture exists wherever there is a group of people that share something. Many millions of Americans enjoy Spiderman so, yes, it IS culture.
And what is the big deal about having "no roots"? Why should we define themselves by such a narrow criteria like where our ancestors came from? We are each individuals and should be allowed to define ourselves however we see fit. We have no obligation to preserve any "culture" no matter how old or how "colorful" it is.
Good article Ali.
For anyone doing business in the EU, French and German in particular are huge assets. I think the author has a rosy view of how many Europeans are perfectly fluent in English, but that isn't the case outside of a few select countries. You might find yourself having a tough time in France and Italy if you only speak English, and it's absolutely not true that it's much easier in Germany. The only place I've been where it was easy to get by with English was the Netherlands, and even there it gets tougher if you go to a more rural area. Plus, French and German are spoken in several countries as first languages, and in many others as second languages.
In short I love the idea of learning new languages, but assert that their are much less expensive (and IMO more effective) ways of doing it than taking a college class.
"If you want to get laid, go to college. If you want to learn, go to a library"--Frank Zappa
You might enjoy this link on tones: http://www.cogsci.jhu.edu/courses/325-F2004/ladefoged/vowels/chapter2/chinese/recording2.1.html
Bring in native speakers of any language you can find in the neighborhood. Put them in every kindergarten class, whether they speak their language grammatically or not. Pay them $10.00 an hour to sing songs, and play games with the kids.
You can have more than one native speaker at a time in the classroom. Kids AUTOMATICALLY learn the most difficult of languages.
If you wait until high school or college you are wasting the kids time and the teachers time. By high school, they could be functionally in two or three other languages, and actually ready to become fully literate in all of them.
Look how that works in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Also, to learn a second language, you need more than games and songs.
You are clearly a expert in this field, and I am a mere lay observer.
You may be quite correct that by age seven the best window is closing. That just strengthens my argument for Head Start, Kinderagarten, First and Second Grade.
I have no idea of how English is taught in Norway. But from what I have seen on television, after the shooting, most of the late adolescents who were on that island, were fluent in educated, standard English.
Now, I appreciate that they were not a random sample of Norwegians.
When it came to interview the "ragtag" Libyan rebels, it turns out quite a few could express themselves in English, and many were fluent.
You know, you are quite, quite wrong, that to learn a second language, "you need more than games and song", if by that you mean you need schools, etc.
Yes, you man "Need a Village". But remember, we have no evidence of written language until after the Agricultural Revolution, about 10,000 years ago. Did people just grunt at each other till them?
Did Columbus make note of the fact that the people he met were only capable of "grunts and growns".
Or maybe they all carried matches so they could send smoke signals.