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Dr. Douglas Fields

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Flame Retardants: Extinguishers of Brain Development?

Posted: 03/27/10 08:39 AM ET

This week firefighters and health groups pushed the Maryland legislature to ban a class of flame retardants called deca BDE. Manufacturers counter that the flame retardants, widely used over the past 25 years on everything from home furnishings to electronics, save lives. It seems odd that firefighters who are dedicated to saving lives should be lobbying against flame retardants. What does the scientific literature say about the effects of these chemicals on the brain?

Polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants are widespread environmental pollutants on a global scale, but the contamination is greatest in the United States. These chemicals are found in wildlife, human food, household dust, indoor air, and in humans themselves (both human tissue and mother's milk). The concentration is particularly high in infants and toddlers who are exposed through mother's milk and household dust. Levels of these compounds in the environment are four times higher in the United States than in Europe.

These chemicals mimic thyroid hormones and they can damage or kill cells by oxidative injury, the same chemical reaction that turns steel to rust, only in this case the reaction is applied to the body's proteins. Prenatal exposure to PBDEs interferes with neural development in experimental animals. Rats exposed to flame retardants during fetal development have a weakened ability to strengthen synaptic connections in the hippocampus of the brain, which is the fundamental cellular mechanism of forming long-term memory.

In a study conducted in the Netherlands and published in 2009, researchers measured the concentration of flame retardants in pregnant mothers in their 35th week of pregnancy, and then tested the 62 offspring after they reached five to fix years of age using standardized neuropsychological tests for motor performance, cognition, and behavior. The results showed that children from mothers with higher levels of flame retardants in their bodies during pregnancy had worse fine motor skills and poor attention, but the effects depended on the particular kind of flame retardant chemical in the mother's body. A recent paper published by A. Messer in Physiological Behavior (January 2010), implicates PBDEs in autism.

Interestingly, the oxidative damage caused by these compounds can be counteracted by glial cells, called astrocytes. Astrocytes are known to release powerful antioxidants. When neurons were exposed to PBDE flame retardants in cell culture they were killed, but if astrocytes were added to the cultures, the neurons were protected. These findings are published by G. Giordano and colleagues in the March, 2009 issue of the journal Neurotoxicology. Firefighters may be willing to fight fire with fire, but they are reluctant to fight fire with something that might stifle development of a child's brain.

 
 
 
This week firefighters and health groups pushed the Maryland legislature to ban a class of flame retardants called deca BDE. Manufacturers counter that the flame retardants, widely used over the past...
This week firefighters and health groups pushed the Maryland legislature to ban a class of flame retardants called deca BDE. Manufacturers counter that the flame retardants, widely used over the past...
 
 
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10:49 AM on 03/30/2010
there are natural fibers, such a bamboo that are naturally flame retardant and don't off gas toxins. this can be verified online.
10:47 AM on 03/30/2010
a fine example of newer science correcting applied science. hope this can get changed.
09:53 AM on 03/29/2010
"The concentration is particularly high in infants and toddlers who are exposed through mother's milk . . ."

And we've been pushing breastfeeding and Autism rates are skyrocketing . . . . .. hmmmmmm.
02:46 AM on 03/30/2010
hmm... breastfeeding= higher autism rates? That's quite the stretch. Need I point out that breastfeeding isn't some newfangled technological advancement? It was quite popular before the 1950s ;-) Anyway, even with the "push" for breastfeeding, most U.S. mothers last about 3 weeks before giving up.

Interesting theory though.
01:39 AM on 03/29/2010
Here's an idea: Instead of poisoning their brains, let's just not let tykes smoke in bed or bar-b-cue while wearing their jammies. Or perhaps that's too simple.
12:13 AM on 03/29/2010
Very important article wrt autism, imo. Note, flame retardants are also heavily used in things like laptops, TVs, and furniture too. Helps explain why autism is common among middle to upper class and has trended upward in the past 3 decades (during which consumerism has been king).
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dugmaze
Any man's death diminishes me
05:52 PM on 03/28/2010
Thanks for the article. I just checked my son's pj's and they say 100% cotton, keep a snug fit.

Could this chemical be filtered out of water, cooked out of food, or filtered out of air?
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RMankovitz
Researcher, inventor, entrepreneur, author
07:26 PM on 03/27/2010
Much of the PBDE human toxin issue has to do with their bromine content. Bromine is a toxic halide, in the same group as perchlorates and fluorides, and is ever present in our environment. Insanely, bromine is also used as a dough conditioner in bread, and as an ingredient (brominated vegetable oil) in some soft drinks.

One of their biggest impacts of bromine on the human body is the interference with iodine uptake. Iodine is an essential mineral needed by the thyroid and other glands. In women, the breasts and ovaries are also large users. Tests of several thousand women show virtually all are iodine deficient, leading to thyroid disorders, fibrocystic breasts, PCOS, and other hormonal disruptions. Bromides are neurotoxic, leading to a wide variety of nervous system disorders.

A small group of scientists and MDs have conducted research showing inorganic iodine/iodide supplementation can displace bromine from cells of the body, and force its excretion, ultimately detoxifying the body and reversing ill effects. Tests are available to measure bromine excretion as a function of iodine intake.

For details on this research, see the book "Iodine, Why You Need it, Why You Can't Live Without It," by David Brownstein, MD. The subject is also covered in some depth in "The Wellness Project".

Roy Mankovitz, Director
http://www.MontecitoWellness.com
07:04 PM on 03/27/2010
Most assuredly a good Republican sells this pollutant and enjoys the fruits of his labor at the local yacht club!
10:49 AM on 03/29/2010
The federal governments mandates the use of flame retardants to make products safe. There are no safe flame retardants so get rid of the stupid mandate. Cotton, wool, and leather are naturally flame retardant. If you want to wear PVC, polyester, and nylon, you should accept the risk and stay away from fire. Republican capitalists may make the product but democratic lawmakers make stupid rules and democratic lawyers always want to blame someone else. The same is true for flame retardants in upholstery. If you are stupid enough to play with matches or smoke on the couch, accept the fact that you may burn up if you are careless. Do not require the use of dangerous chemicals to keep the couch from burning so that the smoker is safe and everyone pays the price for dangerous chemicals in the environment and or bodies.
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kendra
03:55 PM on 03/27/2010
In other news, experts still confused why Autism's trended upwards for past 25 years...
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William C
10:56 AM on 03/28/2010
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03:44 PM on 03/27/2010
Great. The stuff that's supposed to keep us from getting barbecued turns us into people who aren't much good for anything else.
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dugmaze
Any man's death diminishes me
05:45 PM on 03/28/2010
"The stuff that's supposed to keep us from getting barbecued turns us into people who aren't much good for anything else."

I'm sure you didn't intend to be mean but parents of disabled children get offended by these type of comments.
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09:44 PM on 03/28/2010
No offense caused by a stupid joke compares with that caused by this pernicious stuff which robs us of something essential that is even more precious for those of us with limited capacities. Parents of disabled children should be more than offended by use of such products, they should be enraged.
01:01 PM on 03/27/2010
I've never understood why flame retardants are used on things like children's pajamas.

Thanks for writing this article!
SouthernBlueBelle
Old and fed up
08:33 AM on 03/29/2010
Well the reason is, back in the day kids pj's were frequently made of things like polyester (highly flamable) and gillions of parents smoked and had matches & lighters all over the place. Kids were being horribly burned by their parents leaving these things around in easy reach.
I remember how awful these kids were burned. The intention was good, the unintended consequences not so much.
12:57 PM on 03/27/2010
Short of living in a glass bubble, what do we do about this (short term/long term)?
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TraceyES
02:53 PM on 03/27/2010
Look into buying organic cotton products for yourself and your children...in the stuff that you come into contact with every day. Nightgowns, pajamas, sheets, towels. Most important on the children's sleepwear, since these are most likely to be treated with flame retardants.

It's not cheap, but it's probably money well spent.
03:59 PM on 03/27/2010
Yeah, you know, the stuff you used to be able to buy normally before the Govt mandated flame retardants on almost everything, thanks to 'interest groups'.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
02:39 PM on 03/30/2010
Cotton and wool are naturally rather fire resistant, but childrens' clothes for sale in CA at least must still be treated with fire retardants. The only way to avoid it is to buy from a European source. Avoiding polyester and nylon would be a good plan in that case, since serious burns also have a very deleterious effect on emotional development.
outnow
Ban the bomb
11:51 AM on 03/27/2010
Good article! If fire retardants cuase brain development problems and disrupt the endocrine system, then how can this be justified to slow down fires?