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Dr. Lisa Young

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Great Grains to Include in Your Diet for Health

Posted: 06/14/2012 8:00 pm

With the low-carb movement, so many clients that I counsel fear eating grains and starches altogether, and think they are better off without them. This is false! Certain starches are not particularly healthy, such as bagels and muffins; they are oversized and each are equivalent to eating around six slices of bread. But many grains -- whole grains -- are indeed healthy and should be included as part of a healthy diet. Indeed, the 2010 Dietary Guidelines suggest that at least half of our grains be whole grains. Here's why.

Including whole grains in your diet is a great way to boost your nutrient intake. They are loaded with vitamins and minerals including B vitamins, vitamin E, magnesium, selenium, and protective phytonutrients. A good source of fiber and complex carbohydrates, they are relatively low in calories and fat. It is no surprise that diets rich in whole grains may offer protection against heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.

Whole grains are healthier than processed grains because they provide many more nutrients. They also offer a greater sense of fullness in people who eat them. Whole grains are made from the whole kernels of grain, including both the inside part of the grain and the outer covering. Processed grains remove the outer covering, along with a lot of the nutrition and fiber. Fiber helps prevent constipation, and may cut the risk of heart disease, diverticulosis, and certain cancers.

Most Americans do not consume enough whole grains. For many of us, eating more whole grains requires learning about foods rarely seen in the traditional American diet. As you will see below, many delicious and nutritious grains exist. And, if you are gluten-free, no need to worry, as many terrific and versatile grains are now readily available on the market.

Skip the white pasta and white rice and include healthy grains instead: brown rice, kasha, quinoa, spelt, and whole wheat pasta, to name a few. Here are some nutritional benefits of some healthy, tasty, and versatile grains:

Amaranth is a great grain for those with gluten intolerances and wheat allergies. It also has a terrific nutritional profile. One cup of cooked amaranth delivers lots of fiber, protein, and is rich in minerals including iron, magnesium, manganese, and phosphorus. It also contains betalains, a class of antioxidants that may help reduce inflammation.

Barley is a good source of soluble fiber, which may reduce cholesterol and stabilize blood sugar levels. Barley contains B vitamins and the minerals selenium and copper. While pearled barley is not technically a whole grain, as it is polished and some nutrients are lost, hulled barley is healthier, and contains more fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, even pearled barley is a healthier alternative to refined grains such as white rice, couscous, or pastas made from white flours.

Brown rice is a much better choice than white rice. It contains fiber, B vitamins, and a variety of minerals. It contains nearly three times the fiber as white rice. A mere half-cup serving of cooked brown rice contains nearly a half-day's worth of the mineral manganese, which works with various enzymes facilitating body processes.

Buckwheat brought to America by Russian and Polish immigrants who called it "kasha," is a good source of the minerals manganese, magnesium, and zinc, as well as flavonoids like quercetin and rutin, which contain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A great choice for those following a gluten-free diet. One cup of cooked Kasha contains five grams of fiber.

Bulgur wheat is higher in fiber than most grains. One cup of cooked bulgur contains eight grams of fiber. The insoluble fiber it contains is helpful in preventing constipation and diverticular disease. It also contains iron, magnesium, manganese, and B vitamins. Because bulgur is made from precooked wheat berries, it can be reconstituted by soaking or by simmering. Its wonderful nutty flavor and light texture make it a great choice for salads and side dishes.

Oats are a good source of soluble fiber and contain beta-glucans, which helps lower cholesterol and stabilize blood sugar levels. They also contain insoluble fiber which prevents constipation and promotes regular bowel movements. Moderate amounts of pure, uncontaminated oats are tolerated by most people with celiac disease, but it is important to be aware that many commercial oat products on the market have been cross-contaminated with wheat, barley and/or rye.

Quinoa is a nutrition treasure and has a protein content that is superior to that of most grains, because it contains all the essential amino acids. It is high in the amino acid lysine, which is important for tissue growth and repair. It is also rich in the minerals iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and copper, and a great choice for the gluten-free.

Spelt has gained popularity as a healthy and delicious grain due to its nutty flavor, high protein and nutrition content. It is low in fat, high in fiber, and contains B vitamins and minerals including potassium, magnesium, manganese and copper. And it has gained a following for those intolerant to wheat. Many people with wheat allergies can tolerate spelt well.
Whole wheat products are not stripped of nutrients and fiber like refined products. Whole wheat foods such as whole wheat pastas, breads, and couscous contain insoluble fiber, which prevents constipation and may be protective against certain cancers. They also contain an array of vitamins and minerals.

Aim for 100 percent whole wheat products such as whole wheat pasta and couscous.

Savvy shopping tip: Choose grains that are 100 percent whole grain. When reading food labels, look out for words such as "multigrain" or "stoneground" which do not necessarily mean whole grain. And the phrase "made from whole grain" is generally used on products that aren't 100 percent whole grain.

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With the low-carb movement, so many clients that I counsel fear eating grains and starches altogether, and think they are better off without them. This is false! Certain starches are not particularly ...
With the low-carb movement, so many clients that I counsel fear eating grains and starches altogether, and think they are better off without them. This is false! Certain starches are not particularly ...
 
 
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Cimms
Escaped from NC.
10:32 AM on 06/18/2012
If grain-fed cattle is less than idea, why should we grain feed humans?
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12:14 PM on 06/18/2012
Perhaps because we are not cattle, though if we keep eating as poorly as we do, we will soon been as large as your average bovine.
04:12 PM on 06/18/2012
Bovines are grass eaters, extra stomach and all. Grain is fed to fatten them up after they are no longer out to pasture and usually crammed into feed lots, stuffed with anitboitcs. So "grain fed" tends to mean more than being fed with grain.
05:49 PM on 06/17/2012
Careful, there Dr. Young.

The HuffPost site is recently over-run by Paleo fanatics who believe all Science has proven that all Grains are toxic to humans.

And there's no persuading them to back up and look again at the real science.
06:52 PM on 06/17/2012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1933252/

Grains need not be toxic, provided they're prepared properly. The problem is with lectin and phytic acid. The article I cite is an interesting one concerning the toxicity of lectins, and it's published by the NIH. The NIH is not exactly a bunch of Paleo fanatics.
08:40 PM on 06/17/2012
Yet you seem to ignore the science to the contrary. You won't drop dead from eating grains. A percentage of people will suffer longer term issues if they don't prepare them for consumption. AND, why would you want to eat something that is somewhat mediocre in nutritional value when you can get those same nutrients from other foods that don't cause an unnecessary release of insulin. The author is way off base on the type II diabetes prevention schtick. She says, "It is no surprise that diets rich in whole grains may offer protection against heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers." yet, it may not by her own admission. There may be a Bigfoot, or there may not... This is deemed fanatical by you?
01:59 AM on 06/18/2012
I think we can quite certainly say that there is zero evidence to suggest that grains in any way protect one from heart disease, stroke, diabetes type 2, hypertension or cancer. Amongst other things they don't help with. Bigfoot is a far more certain proposition than carbs helping to prevent the diseases they cause.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
williamg
Obamacare = law of the land...forever
05:15 PM on 06/17/2012
Quinoa -- an absolutely essential food for all hipsters (until it goes out of style by the fall).
06:41 PM on 06/17/2012
Hey, wait a minute - I'm no vegan - or "hipster" - by any stretch of the imagination, and I LOVE quinoa!! As far as it going out of style goes, it's been eaten by native Andean populations for thousands of years. Give the poor little seed a break!
12:55 AM on 06/17/2012
New fav quinoa recipe!

http://vegandailynews.tumblr.com/post/25243374292/vegan-quinoa-recipes
12:54 AM on 06/16/2012
and not only that but...learn how to balance your diet....try using MACROBIOTICS...I know a lot of very smart folks that tried debunking MB's....but failed....reason is because macrobiotics makes all the sense in the world and it's far from "just" a diet....look into it. Live smarter!
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Lesley MacIntyre
Please pass the bacon.
06:46 AM on 06/25/2012
I have a cousin why went on a macrobiotic diet His cholesterol went dangerously low...Into the 70's!!! His doctor said no more. Also an old neighbor of mine went macrobiotic and she looked like she was a starving orphan from a third world country. A macrobiotic diet can kill you, I think.
07:38 AM on 06/25/2012
well...of the hundreds of people I know that have been MB for decades I never heard of that. My guess is that some people over-do anything they do. MB's has LOTS of carbs so it's pretty rough to get excessively thin. I'm actually a slight bit over weight..nothing bad..maybe 5-10 pounds over weight at worst....and the cholesterol? Sounds like they took parts of the diet to correct an issue but didn't work the whole program. Just Google Macrobiotics...you'll find a LOT more positive things than not. Some people claim it saved their lives which I'd never say myself but you'll find that there's a lot of folks that get seriously ill and they end up finding MB's because through Google searches they see how many folks it "has" helped...done correctly. Look at Madonna...she actually has a MB chef traveling with her. She's no dope when it comes to her body and being healthy.

I just googled MB's and this was the first thing that came up...among tons more...and it's not from a MB site either... http://suite101.com/article/macrobiotic-diet-a204821
06:34 PM on 06/15/2012
You're clients are correct, and the USDA Dietary Guidelines aren't based on science.

Whole-grain diets only offer protection from chronic disease when compared to refined-grain diets.

There are no nutrients in grains that can't be had, often in greater abundance, from other healthier, non-starchy sources.
07:38 AM on 06/16/2012
Very good points. In studies, people who eat whole grains are compared to people who eat refined grains, not to people who eat no grains, so the conclusion that whole grains are therefore "healthy" is a relative judgement. It's rather like discovering that people who smoke filtered cigarettes have a lower risk of heart disease than people who smoke unfiltered cigarettes, and coming to the conclusion that therefore to reduce the risk of heart disease, a non-smoker should take up smoking filtered cigarettes.

And no, before anyone jumps on my case, I'm NOT saying that eating whole grains is as bad as smoking. I'm saying that when people say that whole grains are "healthy", they need to clarify that they're comparing consumption of whole grains with consumption of the refined grains that make up a big part of the standard American diet, and yes they're certainly healthier. But this doesn't therefore prove that grains are an essential part of a healthy diet in the first place.

I do at least appreciate the author's inclusion of ancient grains, though, like amaranth, spelt, and so on. Most people have no idea that the wheat they're eating today is NOT the same as the wheat that was being eaten 1000 years ago, 500 years ago, or even a couple of generations ago. The author should also point out that our ancestors soaked/sprouted/fermented grains, thereby neutralizing the lectins which render grains not thus processed a literally toxic food.
I-US
Beware the monsters lurking in word swamps.
08:43 AM on 06/16/2012
But we don't have any evidence that 100,000 years ago, when we do have evidence that our ancestors were eating grains, that they were sprouted, soaked, or fermented.
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williamg
Obamacare = law of the land...forever
06:13 PM on 06/15/2012
New headline: Things You Should Avoid Eating
I-US
Beware the monsters lurking in word swamps.
08:44 AM on 06/16/2012
Only if you're in the West play-acting at being an extinct hominin.
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plantbasedpunk
live from the PHX
04:34 PM on 06/15/2012
like to use barley and bulgur to add a "meatiness" to chili and stews. Cold quinoa salad with avocado, tomato and cilantro and dressed with a bit of lime juice on spinach is an awesome southwest salad. Lots of great ways to use these grains. All you need is a little inspiration and a little creativity!
08:50 PM on 06/17/2012
Or you could just include some meat for meatiness. Why do vegetarians have so many products that simulate meat when they could just eat it. I know they wouldn't be vegetarians anymore but isn't that the point? Why suffer without something when the alternative isn't as good as the reality?
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12:36 PM on 06/18/2012
Why suffer the heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and a host of other chronic diseases that come from a diet heavy in animal products when there is an alternative.

Meatiness is shorthand for something chewy and dense in a dish, not for the flavor. It took me a while to shake the addiction to meat, dairy and eggs, but now that I have gone through the withdrawal period I find that I have no taste for meat. When I eating away from home and can't control what is in the food I almost always find myself confronted with food that is contaminated by animal products of some type. I will still eat small amounts rather than go hungry (vegan for health more than ethical reasons). I can say that the flavor of these dishes is vastly inferior to the plant based dishes I make for myself. So while I too like a little "meatiness" in my stew, I have no desire what so ever for it to actually taste like dead animal flesh.

And for those you who think that you aren't addicted to animal products, picture yourself going without any meat (and fish is meat, just ask the fish), cheese, other dairy or eggs for a month. Your vehement dismissal of the very idea sounds just like those of any other addict contemplating going a month without their favorite drug.
I-US
Beware the monsters lurking in word swamps.
04:27 PM on 06/15/2012
Most people aren't eating whole grains, so the anti-grain sentiment is based on an unrealistic premise that Americans suffering from modern-day health problems are grand consumers of whole grains. They're not.
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DrP
11:31 AM on 06/15/2012
"Great grains" and "healthy grains" = oxymorons
11:58 AM on 06/15/2012
Haha I thought the same when I read the link to this article
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urkiddinme
Former fatty turned fitness freak
04:36 PM on 06/15/2012
Another nutritionist stuck in the 80s. Grains are far from essential but due to Uncle Sam's subsidies make up way too much of most people's daily food intake...they provide nothing that can't be obtained from foods that are better for you all around.
I-US
Beware the monsters lurking in word swamps.
08:40 AM on 06/16/2012
Who in the United States was eating spelt and amaranth in the 1980s? The grains being subsidized in the US are corn and wheat--the former goes to livestock and cars; the latter into highly refined industrial foods. There are plenty of benefits to eating whole grains.
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12:48 PM on 06/18/2012
Please explain why grains are the staple food of most of the 5 billion people around the world that don't eat a western diet, and who by all measures are much healthier from a chronic disease stand point. You will have to show how your diet would make these people healthier. You can't just say that it would be healthier than the Standard American Diet, because just about any way of eating is healthier than the SAD.

Oh, and before you start with westerners having longer life expectancy, you should know that if you subtract infectious diseases and accidents the life expectancy would be much better than ours. To know that this is true you only need to look at the Okinawans, who have the old eating pattern of rice, vegetables and almost no meat along with a modern medical system and as a result have the longest life expectancy of any population on the planet.

BTW, what exactly does make up the majority of your ideal diet?