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Dr. Michael J. Breus

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Air Traffic Controllers Sleeping on the Job: Is It Really Their Fault?

Posted: 04/21/11 09:52 AM ET

Lack of sleep can make doing almost anything we need to do much more difficult. Trying to do a job while sleep deprived often leads to poor job performance, something we all want to avoid. This can be particularly problematic for those who make important and far-reaching decisions about the lives of others, such as politicians and ER doctors, to name a few.

A recent statement from the FAA highlights another profession for which lack of sleep can have very serious consequences: air traffic controllers. The FAA reported yet another air traffic controller who fell asleep for about five hours during his shift in Knoxville, Tenn. The controller was on the midnight shift on February 19, 2011. Air traffic controllers work in pairs, one handling incoming flights, and one working the radar. According to the article, while the controller who was supposed to be handling the incoming flights was sleeping, the other controller working in the tower landed planes and worked the radar position at the same time. The FAA does not allow one person to do multiple jobs at the same time; this man was forced to do so while his colleague slept because the latter was too tired to stay awake.

We know this about sleep deprivation: there are real physiological and psychological effects as we deprive our bodies of a basic physical need. Our judgment isn't always the best, our reaction time slows, our memory decreases and our bodies and minds slow down in an effort to preserve the energy we have left. In addition, the more sleep-deprived we get, the less we notice it!

This is only the latest in sleep-deprivation- and fatigue-related incidents for the airline industry. Remember the October 2009 incident in which two Northwest Airlines pilots fell asleep in the cockpit and overshot their destination by 150 miles? Pilots and air traffic controllers on the ground -- these are people we rely on for our safety when we fly.

The FAA suspended the controller who fell asleep on the job and continues to try to enforce rules about safely working midnight shifts. My big question is this: Was this really the controller's fault?

It sounds like in many of these cases, the air traffic controllers are being asked to work back-to-back shifts, and in some cases multiple days at a time. This is insane, and it is a miracle that we have not had more issues. And while I believe that no one should be working such a late shift by himself or herself, air traffic controllers, pilots and anyone with responsibilities late at night or after long days should also consider the following:

  • Taking naps earlier in the day before their shift
  • Avoiding using caffeine as a way to stay awake -- unless for use in the short term only
  • Having a fixed sleep routine during both their work week and their time off

After those pilots missed Minneapolis by 150 miles, the FAA rewrote its rules that govern flight time for pilots, and they require rest periods in order to reduce the chances of fatigue. Hopefully they will also do so for the air traffic controllers on the ground.

Sweet dreams,

Michael J. Breus, Ph.D.
The Sleep Doctorâ„¢
www.thesleepdoctor.com
"Everything you do, you do better with a good night's sleep"â„¢

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Lack of sleep can make doing almost anything we need to do much more difficult. Trying to do a job while sleep deprived often leads to poor job performance, something we all want to avoid. This can be...
Lack of sleep can make doing almost anything we need to do much more difficult. Trying to do a job while sleep deprived often leads to poor job performance, something we all want to avoid. This can be...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
gregory57
Micro-bio, was one of my favorite classes.
09:19 PM on 04/26/2011
I spent many years working night shifts when I worked in the hospital. For a while I struggled with fatigue, however eventually I found that if I treated my night job, just as others treat their day job, in terms of sleeping and waking, I could handle it quite well. Over time I noticed that some people who had been working nights longer than I still struggled. I used to tell them my method, but eventually I learned that those I found sleeping in some corner were, as a rule, trying to live two lives. One on the night shift, the other with friends, family or school or another job, on the day shift.
09:12 PM on 04/24/2011
Ok let's see we trust ATC to know how to safely guide planes and help pilots keep them in the air and navigate take offs and landings; but do not trust them to know when they need a nap in order to do a stressful job safely.

The FAA does not want them to take naps at lunch or a break and won't hire more people when the same things happen again and again - yeah makes sense. Face it coffee and stimulants only do so much and in the long run they do more harm than good. All this to save money - unfortunately it's going to take a catastrophe before folks realize not only do you get what you pay for but you get what you do not pay for.

One to Beam Up Scotty! There is no intelligent life here!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
not2wicked
06:12 AM on 04/22/2011
I'm a night shift worker and I hit the sheets at pretty much the same time every day that I'm scheduled to work. I try not to jack myself up reading/ watching the news. Wrecks my sleep. I also allow myself around eight hours for sleep. Then there are the black out curtains. My last resort if I don't feel as alert as I should be is to take 100 mg. of Provigil. It keeps me alert but not speedy. It does require a doctor's perscription and is expensive but it is worth it. I need to work the night shift so I do what I can to be safe on my job. I will never get used to working nights but I mk
02:05 PM on 04/22/2011
Thats just it...you are a NIGHT SHIFT WORKER! Most controllers work a 2-2-1 (2 swings, 2 days then a mid) Often leaving 8-9 hours between shifts for family/personal/REST....not to include the commute home that may take an hour...so really you come off your day shift with an 8 hour gap between the next shift-takes an hour get home and drive back so now thats 6 hours,,,oh what? you got a family that wants a little of daddy's attention...so you're probably left w/4 hours...oh and as a controller many OTC drugs let alone prescription drugs cannot be take as it makes you unfit for duty...just sayin!
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
06:02 AM on 04/22/2011
http://www.tompaine.com/articles/2007/05/29/rebusting_the_air_traffic_controllers.php

"The controllers have tried through their union to improve the situation. But the FAA, as unabashedly anti-labor as all other federal agencies under Bush, rejected union demands for improvements during negotiations for a new five-year contract last year. The agency then unilaterally imposed a new contract that made the situation even worse.

Previously, controllers were guaranteed rest breaks after every two hours of their eye-straining high-anxiety work of following aircraft paths across radar screens. But no more. And they can now be forced to work overtime, however fatigued or stressed they may be. Nor are controllers any longer guaranteed two consecutive weeks of vacation."

So, it's not about "suck it up."

What I read in this article pretty much aligns with what an air traffic controller friend of mine told me. It's getting worse, and he's getting out. So are a lot of the guys there. The FAA and management doesn't want good pay and decent working conditions? Then they'll have planes colliding in midair.
05:13 AM on 04/22/2011
For people who work shift work, they adjust to the night shift. These people are simply taking advantage of the system and deserve to be fired. ATC is a high stress job, and a very important job. If they aren't willing to do it - they need to go somewhere else. For StephenJK who says he has problem sleeping during the day, its because he sleeps at night like regular people on his days off. The body can't tolerate the back and forth. People who do that do so at their own risk.

And how many years of midnite shifts have I worked in my life? I worked 20 years of 3 days, 2 off, 3 swings, 2 days off, 3 mids, 2 days off. So don't tell me I don't know what I'm talking about. Yes, it's difficult. But if you don't like working shifts, get a different job. It's not like my job where I didn't have a choice (The US Military - you are stuck until you get out, whenever that may be), the ATCs can quit if they aren't happy. Get a different life. But don't put people at risk because you're not dedicated enough to schedule your rest properly!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
pgurlatl
libby chic geek
01:52 PM on 04/22/2011
Whether or not someone likes it doesn't make it any more or less difficult. I like my shift. But it is incredibly hard. Some days are great. But others are not. I think it would behoove companies to find out why and to try to find ways to combat falling asleep especially during that "bewitching hour".
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Susan Orlins
Writer and author of blog Confessions of a Worrywa
05:12 AM on 04/22/2011
This is so scary! How about one more idea. If they are part of a couple, and can afford it, separate bedrooms. For more details see "Can Separate Bedrooms Save a Marriage?" http://bit.ly/gOv6ho
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
03:50 AM on 04/22/2011
Sleeping during the day (9am-5pm) is ridiculously inadequate. I would go to sleep at 9am and wake up at 1 or 2pm. Eyes burning and easily agitated. Try to get back to sleep and it's a big no go. Just roll around for a while and get up even more aggravated. Getting sleep after 5pm right up to the time when it's time to go to work (personal care and appearance? PFFFT, who cares?! Throw clothes on *clean clothes optional* and go....yes, depression is a very real aspect for midnight workers) seems to be the best method for me. The day I go back to work? I'm lucky to be able to fall asleep for 2 hours before work. Luckily, I work two 8s and two 12s to get 3 days off. During those days off, I know better than to keep the insanity of the midnights schedule going. I sleep at night like regular people. When the days grow longer, it gets even more difficult. Every season is bittersweet.
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Social Construct
Go left, young man.
04:23 AM on 04/22/2011
Good post to counter the John Wayne, suck-it-up types. I, too, work night shift and I can attest to the effects on the body and mind. However, I do stay on a sleep schedule congruent with night work. I tried sleeping a normal schedule for my off days but soon went back to keeping the consistent up at night, asleep at day routine and found it suits me better. No matter how one tries to deal with the night shift, it is hard on any human's physiological and psychological health.
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yatinjpatel
Board certified sleep physician, Author, Speaker
08:25 AM on 04/22/2011
It is difficult to sleep, esp. after first night shift of the week, at 8 am as it is the alert most time of the day based on our Circadian rhythm. You can also take advantage of the natural decline in the afternoon and try to sleep around that time. A good meal at 11 am can help. You can also talk to your doctor for a low dose sleeping pill for infrequent use. I am sure you are staying away from caffeine as much as you can. Best wishes. I know the feeling.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
09:59 AM on 04/22/2011
Thank you for the tips of advisement. I stay away from pharmaceuticals. Never liked the idea of popping pills. But, will most definitely try a meal at that time. I'm also hearing that ginger tea will help. I do try and minimize my caffeine intake. Although, I drink green, black and white teas daily. But, those have such a low dose of caffeine in the amounts that I consume.
rdk70816
Yellowhammer
01:06 AM on 04/22/2011
If they can not rearrange their lives to accommodate the fact that they need to be alert during work, they should resign and go into another line of work. Problem solved.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
StephenJK
All your consciousness are belong to us
03:17 AM on 04/22/2011
How many years of midnights have you worked in your life?
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Social Construct
Go left, young man.
04:10 AM on 04/22/2011
Third grade brain with the voice of a parrot. Seriously, dude, have you even made the slightest, most casual search for information on the effects on humans working graveyard shifts? Not to mention pulling a double shift on top of that. I think that you'd find that your advice, given the medical evidence, would warrant about a 70% reduction in people available for working nights. Yeah, that's a real solution alright.
10:08 PM on 04/21/2011
Air traffic control seem to me sort of like guard duty in the old army. You know, alot of lives depend on the guard.The penalty for sleeping on guard was death unless the guy in the next fox hole decided to take matters into his own hands. Won't get anyone to fess up to that but it happened, believe me. What you want to bet, that would keep some eyes open. But no, we need a national catastrophe of a fully loaded air bus to land on another one. That would probably get the faint of hearts in DC to find some one to blame and move off the dime. Too bad we couldn't get the politcos from prez on down to governors to pick up the pieces with out gloves. sad eh ?
09:49 PM on 04/21/2011
160 grand a year should buy a lot of brain power. Something wrong with eight on and sixteen off like us non- government workers do? Or perhaps it's
too complex for us to comprehend? Thats the same old b.s w'er told about all else in government. Maybe it's time to literally clean house in DC and state capitals and start over with, kill Americas enemies and hooray for American citizens.LEAGAL ONES THAT IS! YEAH RIGHT. WHEN THE SUN STARTS RISING IN THE WEST.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
pgurlatl
libby chic geek
01:54 PM on 04/22/2011
160G? Not even the highest paid ATC's make that much.
09:34 PM on 04/21/2011
Lower the bar America, just keep lowering the bar. sad eh ?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lib2dbone
Liberal all day
09:52 PM on 04/21/2011
The "hard working Americans" can't stay awake, so they whine about the hours that those of us who are retired, worked as a condition of employment. If this is a sampling, then we are a weak country, and a "whiney" one.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Renifer
Tea-Partiers are really Neo-Birchers
12:35 AM on 04/22/2011
Blame the victim.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
06:09 PM on 04/21/2011
I fly night freight.

Our schedules usually go week-on/week-off. Right about the time I start getting adjusted to being on nights, the week is over and it's time to go home.

Of course when I'm at home, it's pretty much impossible to keep a night schedule if I ever want to see my wife. Right about the time I get adjusted to a normal schedule - it's time to go back to work.

And....repeat.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Renifer
Tea-Partiers are really Neo-Birchers
12:37 AM on 04/22/2011
THANK you for telling it like it really is.
Working at night is stressful and when you are in control of people's lives, it's super stressful.
Don't let these "blame the victim" types get you down.
They don't really get it, and they never will.
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01:30 AM on 04/22/2011
This is my husband's schedule as well. It seems he spends most of his time trying to adjust to either day or night sleeping. He has a lot of headaches. I think it is bad for his health and for his mental health.
05:21 PM on 04/21/2011
It is a tough shift but someone has to do it.

You have to work the same shift. Husband worked 2nd shift for 40 years.

ATC has to hire more people and not have controllers rotating their shifts!

Get over it! Be HAPPY you got a JOB!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Renifer
Tea-Partiers are really Neo-Birchers
12:23 AM on 04/22/2011
Oh please. You couldn't do this job on your best day.
Back to back shifts with not enough time to shift your sleeping schedule?
Thank the goddam Republicans for this, starting with Regan/Bush's illegal and illegitimate firing of ALL of the PATCO union workers, claiming "public safety".
Now we have air traffic controllers falling asleep, and WE TOLD YOU SO.
This is your fault Repubs. Deal with it. You did this. How many people have to die so that you can wake the hell up and stop blaming the victims?
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ShakeYourComplacency
Commonsense Progressive
05:56 AM on 04/22/2011
I'll translate "It is a tough shift but someone has to do it" for you. She means "Not me!" LOL.

You make a good point about Reagan messing with unions, with the airlines and pilots and controllers. A friend of mine got hired as an air traffic controller during that Reagan wave, when the others were fired. And it's tough. No one has seniority because they were all hired together, so even if you've been there for decades you can't get a day off that you want. They also make it tough to be sick, basically you can't be, so you're ill but sitting there working a long shift. People have left in droves, and everyone is overworked, especially now that controllers are retiring rather than put up with the working condition.
12:40 PM on 04/22/2011
I worked 2 nd shift for 38 yrs inside a boiler ? Air traffic is tougher sitting all night ? On a 12 hr shift I had 2 half hr breaks . The rest of the time spent in back breaking work . Please
05:16 PM on 04/21/2011
I was 68 when I retired from a paper machine after working 25 years. For the first fifteen years we worked rotating shifts, of eight hours each shift. Graveyard was eleven to seven in the morning. Those shifts were easy and we looked back on them fondly when our company decided change our shifts to 12 hours on and 12 hours off. True we had a 7 day long weekend and we had three days in between day shift and graveyard but sometimes I caught myself nodding off around five in the morning, We worked six thirty to six thirty. Still a lot of people especally the young new hires would work graveyard for 12 hours and then sign up for four more in the morning making it a total of 16 hours. I did it myself a lot of times but only when I was getting three or more days off. Last time I did that I accidently flooded the warehouse and that was enough for me. The money was soooooo good but not worth being tired most of the time. I taught myself to sit still for 20 or more seconds and totally go limp and not move a muscle and that helped me as far as getting a little energy until it was time to go home.
04:38 PM on 04/21/2011
provigil